Coup of 18 Brumaire
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | In 1852, [[Karl Marx]] wrote ''[[The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon]]'' about a much later event, the [[French coup d'état of 1851|coup d'état of 1851]] against the [[French Second Republic|Second Republic]] by [[Napoleon III]], who was Napoleon's nephew. Marx considered Louis Napoleon a trifling politician compared to his world-conquering uncle, as expressed in Marx's oft-quoted opening ''[[bon mot]]'': "[[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]] remarks somewhere that all great world-historic facts and personages appear, so to speak, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce." | ||
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| - | The '''coup of 18 Brumaire''' (often simply '''18 Brumaire''' or '''Brumaire''') was the ''[[coup d'état]]'' by which General [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon Bonaparte]] overthrew the [[French Directory]], replacing it with the [[French Consulate]]. This occurred on 9 November 1799, which was 18 [[Brumaire]], Year VIII under the [[French Republican Calendar]]. | + | The '''coup of 18 Brumaire''' brought General [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]] to power as [[First Consul]] of [[France]], and, in the view of most [[historian]]s, ended the [[French Revolution]]. This bloodless ''[[coup d'état]]'' overthrew the [[French Directory|Directory]], replacing it with the [[French Consulate]]. This occurred on 9 November 1799, which was 18 [[Brumaire]], Year VIII under the [[French Republican Calendar]]. |
| + | ===Marx=== | ||
| + | In 1852, [[Karl Marx]] wrote ''[[The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon]]'' about a much later event, the [[French coup d'état of 1851|coup d'état of 1851]] against the | ||
| + | [[French Second Republic|Second Republic]] by [[Napoleon III]], who was Napoleon's nephew. Marx considered Louis Napoleon a trifling politician compared to his world-conquering uncle, as expressed in Marx's oft-quoted opening ''[[bon mot]]'': "[[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]] remarks somewhere that all great world-historic facts and personages appear, so to speak, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce." | ||
| - | The name, already well-established in common usage, was reinforced by the title of [[Karl Marx]]'s ''[[The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon]]'' (''Der achtzehnte Brumaire des Louis Bonaparte'', 1852), an account of the 2 December 1851 coup by [[Napoleon III of France|Napoleon's nephew]], which begins with the oft-quoted "[[Hegel]] remarks somewhere that all great world-historic facts and personages appear, so to speak, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce." | ||
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In 1852, Karl Marx wrote The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon about a much later event, the coup d'état of 1851 against the Second Republic by Napoleon III, who was Napoleon's nephew. Marx considered Louis Napoleon a trifling politician compared to his world-conquering uncle, as expressed in Marx's oft-quoted opening bon mot: "Hegel remarks somewhere that all great world-historic facts and personages appear, so to speak, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce." |
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The coup of 18 Brumaire brought General Napoleon Bonaparte to power as First Consul of France, and, in the view of most historians, ended the French Revolution. This bloodless coup d'état overthrew the Directory, replacing it with the French Consulate. This occurred on 9 November 1799, which was 18 Brumaire, Year VIII under the French Republican Calendar.
Marx
In 1852, Karl Marx wrote The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon about a much later event, the coup d'état of 1851 against the Second Republic by Napoleon III, who was Napoleon's nephew. Marx considered Louis Napoleon a trifling politician compared to his world-conquering uncle, as expressed in Marx's oft-quoted opening bon mot: "Hegel remarks somewhere that all great world-historic facts and personages appear, so to speak, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce."
