1919
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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"The avant-garde art were the first to take note of the undeniable fact of the Mona Lisa's popularity. Because of the painting's overwhelming stature, Dadaists and Surrealists often produce modifications and caricatures. In 1919, Marcel Duchamp, one of the most influential Dadaists, made a Mona Lisa parody by adorning a cheap reproduction with a moustache and a goatee, as well as adding the rude inscription L.H.O.O.Q., when read out loud in French sounds like "Elle a chaud au cul" (translating to "she has a hot arse" as a manner of implying the woman in the painting is in a state of sexual excitement and availability). This was intended as a Freudian joke, referring to Leonardo's alleged homosexuality. According to Rhonda R. Shearer, the apparent reproduction is in fact a copy partly modelled on Duchamp's own face. Salvador Dalí, famous for his pioneering surrealist work, painted Self portrait as Mona Lisa in 1954." --Sholem Stein |
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1919 (MCMXIX) is the 919th year of the 2nd millennium, the 19th year of the 20th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1910s decade.
Art and culture
- In June 1919, Max Jacob sent Raymond Radiguet, a young writer, to meet Jean Cocteau
- Atlantida, a French novel by Pierre Benoit
- Institut für Sexualwissenschaft founded
- Winesburg, Ohio, short story cycle by the American author Sherwood Anderson
- The Uncanny by Sigmund Freud
- A Child Is Being Beaten by Sigmund Freud
- Weimar culture (1919 - 1933)
- Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge by El Lissitzky
- Alma Mahler by Hermine Moos
- Bauhaus founded
- Start of alcohol prohibition in Finland
- The End Of The World Filmed By An Angel, a French-language novel by Blaise Cendrars
- "What is Dadaism and what does it want in Germany?"
Births
- January 1 – J. D. Salinger, American novelist (The Catcher in the Rye) (d. 2010)
- January 23 – Ernie Kovacs, American comedian (d. 1962)
- February 18 – Jack Palance, American actor (d. 2006)
- March 17 – Nat King Cole, African-American singer (Unforgettable) (d. 1965)
- March 24 – Lawrence Ferlinghetti, American author and publisher
- April 19 – Merce Cunningham, American dancer and choreographer (d. 2009)
- April 12 – Maurice Girodias , British publisher (d. 1990)
- June 19 – Pauline Kael, American film critic (d. 2001)
- July 15 – Iris Murdoch, Irish novelist (d. 1999)
- July 26 – James Lovelock, English biologist and chemist
- September 4 – Gualtiero Jacopetti, Italian director (d. 2011)
- October 5 – Donald Pleasence, English actor (d. 1995)
- October 11 – Art Blakey, American jazz drummer (d. 1990)
- October 22 – Doris Lessing, British writer (d. 2013)
- December 6 – Paul de Man, Belgian-born literary critic (d. 1983)
Deaths
- Ernst Haeckel (1834 — 1919)
- Jean-Pierre Brisset (1837 - 1919)
