Umayyad Caliphate
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| - | The '''Umayyad Caliphate''' was the second of the four major [[Islamic]] [[caliphate]]s established after the death of [[Muhammad]]. The caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty ({{lang-ar|الأمويون}}, ''al-ʾUmawiyyūn'', or {{lang|ar|بنو أمية}}, ''Banū ʾUmayya'', "Sons of [[Umayya ibn Abd Shams|Umayya]]"), hailing from [[Mecca]]. The Umayyad family had first come to power under the third Caliph, [[Uthman ibn Affan]] (r. 644–656), but the Umayyad regime was founded by [[Muawiya I|Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan]], long-time governor of [[al-Sham|Syria]], after the end of the [[First Fitna|First Muslim Civil War]] in 661 CE/41 [[Anno Hegirae|AH]]. Syria remained the Umayyads' main power base thereafter, and [[Damascus]] was their capital. The Umayyads continued the [[Muslim conquests]], incorporating the [[Caucasus]], [[Transoxiana]], [[Sindh]], the [[Maghreb]] and the [[Iberian Peninsula]] ([[Al-Andalus]]) into the Muslim world. At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered 5.79 million square miles (15,000,000 km<sup>2</sup>), making it the [[List of largest empires|largest empire]] the world had yet seen, and the [[List of largest empires#All empires at their greatest extent|fifth largest ever to exist]]. | + | The '''Umayyad Caliphate''' was the second of the four major [[Islamic]] [[caliphate]]s established after the death of [[Muhammad]]. The caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty, hailing from [[Mecca]]. The Umayyad family had first come to power under the third Caliph, [[Uthman ibn Affan]] (r. 644–656), but the Umayyad regime was founded by [[Muawiya I|Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan]], long-time governor of [[al-Sham|Syria]], after the end of the [[First Fitna|First Muslim Civil War]] in 661 CE/41 [[Anno Hegirae|AH]]. Syria remained the Umayyads' main power base thereafter, and [[Damascus]] was their capital. The Umayyads continued the [[Muslim conquests]], incorporating the [[Caucasus]], [[Transoxiana]], [[Sindh]], the [[Maghreb]] and the [[Iberian Peninsula]] ([[Al-Andalus]]) into the Muslim world. At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered 5.79 million square miles (15,000,000 km<sup>2</sup>), making it the [[List of largest empires|largest empire]] the world had yet seen, and the [[List of largest empires#All empires at their greatest extent|fifth largest ever to exist]]. |
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| * [[Timeline of the Muslim presence in the Iberian peninsula]] | * [[Timeline of the Muslim presence in the Iberian peninsula]] | ||
Revision as of 22:20, 6 February 2017
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The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty, hailing from Mecca. The Umayyad family had first come to power under the third Caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644–656), but the Umayyad regime was founded by Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, long-time governor of Syria, after the end of the First Muslim Civil War in 661 CE/41 AH. Syria remained the Umayyads' main power base thereafter, and Damascus was their capital. The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests, incorporating the Caucasus, Transoxiana, Sindh, the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) into the Muslim world. At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered 5.79 million square miles (15,000,000 km2), making it the largest empire the world had yet seen, and the fifth largest ever to exist.
See also
- Timeline of the Muslim presence in the Iberian peninsula
- Al-Andalus
- Umayya ibn Abd Shams
- Caliphate of Córdoba
- History of Islam
- Caliphate
- List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
