Émile Zola
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Émile Zola (April 2, 1840 – September 29, 1902) was an influential French novelist and anarchist, the most important example of the literary school of naturalism, noted for such novels as Nana, Germinal, Germinie Lacerteux, La Bête humaine and L'Assommoir. Zola's works had a frankness about sexuality along with a pervasive pessimism which exposed the dark harshness of life, including poverty, racism, prejudice, disease, prostitution, filth, etc. They were often very pessimistic and frequently criticized for being too blunt. Subsequently, many of his novels were put on the The Index.
Manifesto of naturalism
Émile Zola wrote the manifesto of naturalism in his 1880 essay Le Roman expérimental (Eng: The experimental novel). Although this honor is certainly shared with Hugo's preface to Cromwell
