12th century
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| - | :''[[Letters of Heloise and Abelard ]]'' | + | :''[[Letters of Heloise and Abelard]], [[Inventions, discoveries and introductions of the 12th century]], [[The Gay Science]]'' |
| - | This alludes to the birth of modern European poetry that occurred in Provence around the [[12th century]], whereupon, after the culture of the [[troubadour]]s fell into almost complete desolation and destruction due to the [[Albigensian Crusade]] ([[1209]]-[[1229]]), other poets in the [[14th century]] ameliorated and thus cultivated the ''[[gai saber]]'' or ''[[gaia scienza]]''. | + | The birth of modern [[European poetry]] occurred in [[Provence]] around the [[12th century]], whereupon, after the culture of the [[troubadour]]s fell into almost complete desolation and destruction due to the [[Albigensian Crusade]] ([[1209]]-[[1229]]), other poets in the [[14th century]] ameliorated and cultivated the ''[[gai saber]]'' or ''[[gaia scienza]]''. |
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| - | ==[[Inventions, discoveries and introductions of the 12th century]]== | + | |
| - | *Beginning of the [[Gothic architecture]] style in [[France]]. | + | |
| - | *Building of [[Angkor Wat]] in [[Khmer empire]]. | + | |
| - | *First [[Medieval university|European universities]] founded. | + | |
| - | *[[Christian humanism]] becomes a self-conscious philosophical tendency in Europe. | + | |
| - | *Earliest record of a [[miracle play]], in [[Dunstable, England]]. | + | |
| - | *Beginning of [[trouvère]] music and poetry in [[France]]. | + | |
| - | *[[Georgians|Georgian]] poet [[Shota Rustaveli]] composes his epic poem [[The Knight in the Panther's Skin]] | + | |
| - | *Beginning of the [[Ars antiqua]] period in the history of [[Classical music|Western European music]]. | + | |
| - | *The ''[[Madrid Skylitzes]]'' manuscript illustrates the ''Synopsis of Histories'' by [[John Skylitzes]]. | + | |
| - | *Earliest Western account of a mariner's [[compass]], by [[Alexander Neckam]] is "De utensilibus" (see [[Shen Kuo]]). | + | |
| - | *Although known in China since the [[5th century BC]], the [[blast furnace]] for smelting [[cast iron]] first appears in Europe, in and around [[Lapphyttan]], Sweden, as early as [[1150]]. | + | |
| - | *First fire and plague [[insurance]] (in [[Iceland]]). | + | |
| - | *First authenticated [[influenza]] epidemics. | + | |
| - | *Invention of the [[Kente cloth]]. | + | |
| - | *Start of [[Middle English]]. | + | |
| - | *Introduction of Christianity in [[Finland]], [[Karelia]] and [[Estonia]] | + | |
| - | *[[Hoysala architecture]] reaches a peak. | + | |
| - | *[[Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi]] (1155–1191) founder of school of illumination (Ishraq). | + | |
| - | *[[1165]] — The [[Liuhe Pagoda]] of [[Hangzhou]], China, is built. | + | |
| - | *[[1111]] — The Chinese [[Donglin Academy]] is founded | + | |
| - | *[[1107]] — The Chinese engineer Wu Deren combines the mechanical [[compass]] vehicle of the [[South Pointing Chariot]] with the distance-measuring [[odometer]] device. | + | |
| - | *The [[Durham Cathedral]] of England is completed. | + | |
| - | *The [[kasbah]] of [[Marrakesh]] is built, city gate [[Bab Agnaou]] and the [[Koutoubia]] mosque. | + | |
| - | *[[1104]] — The [[Venice Arsenal]] of [[Venice]], Italy, is founded. It employed some 16000 people for the [[mass production]] of sailing ships in large [[assembly line]]s, hundreds of years before the [[Industrial Revolution]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1106]]- Finished building of [[Gelati]]. | + | |
| - | *[[1185]] First record of windmills. | + | |
| + | The '''''Letters of Heloise and Abelard''''' is a series of letters between French priest [[Peter Abelard]] and his female student [[Héloïse]] after their [[separation]] and his [[castration]]. These letters were also the inspiration for [[Alexander Pope]]'s poem "[[Eloisa to Abelard]]". | ||
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | *[[Liederhandschrift]] | ||
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Revision as of 09:09, 19 July 2013
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- Letters of Heloise and Abelard, Inventions, discoveries and introductions of the 12th century, The Gay Science
The birth of modern European poetry occurred in Provence around the 12th century, whereupon, after the culture of the troubadours fell into almost complete desolation and destruction due to the Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229), other poets in the 14th century ameliorated and cultivated the gai saber or gaia scienza.
The Letters of Heloise and Abelard is a series of letters between French priest Peter Abelard and his female student Héloïse after their separation and his castration. These letters were also the inspiration for Alexander Pope's poem "Eloisa to Abelard".
See also
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