1820s  

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 +[[Image:Ritterburg Felsenschloß (1828) by Karl Friedrich Lessing.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ritterburg / Felsenschloß]] (1828) by [[Karl Friedrich Lessing]]]]
 +[[Image:Venus_Rising_from_the_Sea_—_A_Deception.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Venus Rising from the Sea — A Deception]]'' (c. 1822) by American painter [[Raphaelle Peale]].]]
 +[[Image:The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife (detail) by Hokusai.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife]]'' (detail, ca [[1820]]), [[shunga]] by [[Hokusai]]]]
 +[[Image:Der Abend.jpg |thumb|right|200px|''[[Evening|Der Abend]]'' ([[1820]]) by [[Caspar David Friedrich]]]]
[[Image:View from the Window at Le Gras.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[View from the Window at Le Gras]]'' is one of [[Nicéphore Niépce]]'s earliest surviving photographs, circa [[1826]].]] [[Image:View from the Window at Le Gras.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[View from the Window at Le Gras]]'' is one of [[Nicéphore Niépce]]'s earliest surviving photographs, circa [[1826]].]]
[[Image:The Polar Sea.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[The Polar Sea]]'' ''(The [[destroyed]] [[hope]])'' ([[1824]]) by [[Caspar David Friedrich ]]]] [[Image:The Polar Sea.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[The Polar Sea]]'' ''(The [[destroyed]] [[hope]])'' ([[1824]]) by [[Caspar David Friedrich ]]]]
[[Image:The Great Wave off Kanagawa by Hokusai.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[The Great Wave off Kanagawa]]'' (between [[1823]]-[[1829|29]], [[woodblock printing in Japan|woodblock printing]] by [[Hokusai]]]] [[Image:The Great Wave off Kanagawa by Hokusai.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[The Great Wave off Kanagawa]]'' (between [[1823]]-[[1829|29]], [[woodblock printing in Japan|woodblock printing]] by [[Hokusai]]]]
 +[[Image:'Bologne to Rome' page in Stendhal's On Love.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Stendhal]]'s depiction of the process of [[falling in love]], from ''[[On Love (Stendhal) |On Love]]'', 1822]]
{{Template}} {{Template}}
-Births+The '''1820s''' decade ran from January 1, 1820, to December 31, 1829. The 1820s witnesses the birth of Romanticism with Victor Hugo's preface ''[[Cromwell (play)|Cromwell]]'' and the paintings of [[Delacroix]]. The 1820s sees also the birth of [[photography]].
-*[[Gustave Flaubert]] (1821 - 1880) - [[Charles Baudelaire]] (1821 - 1867) - [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]] (1821 - 1881) - [[Matthew Arnold]] (1822 – 1888) - [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]] (1824 - 1904) - [[Wilkie Collins]] (1824 – 1889) - [[Karl Heinrich Ulrichs]] (1825 – 1895) - [[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]] (1825 - 1905) - [[Gustave Moreau]] (1826 - 1898) - [[Arnold Böcklin]] (1827 - 1901) - [[Jules Verne]] (1828 - 1905)+
-Events and trends: first [[music hall]]s in the UK - first photograph by [[Nicéphore Niépce]] in 1826+== Popular culture ==
 +Events and trends include the first [[music hall]]s in the UK and the first photograph by [[Nicéphore Niépce]] in 1826.
 + 
 +*The use of the word "[[blue]]" to refer to [[risqué]] content was first recorded in Scotland in 1824.
 +=== Music ===
 +* [[Beethoven]]'s [[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Ninth Symphony]] premiers on May 7, 1824 in the Kärntnertortheater in Vienna.
 +*Schubert's string quartet [[Death and the Maiden Quartet (Schubert)|Death and the Maiden]] (1824)
 +*In 1825 Thomas Rouse starts one of the first [[music hall]]s, the [[Eagle Tavern]].
-Books: ''[[Melmoth the Wanderer]]'' (1820) - ''[[Confessions of an English Opium Eater]]'' (1821)+===Literature===
 +*[[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] introduced the concept of ''[[Weltliteratur]]''
 +====Fiction====
 +*''[[Eugene Onegin]]'' (1825-1831) by Aleksandr Pushkin
 +*''[[Life of a Good-For-Nothing]]'', a novella by German writer Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff
 +*''[[On Love (Stendhal)|On Love]]'' (1822) by Stendhal
 +*''[[The Adventure of the German Student]]'' (1824) by Washington Irving
 +*''[[Cromwell (play)|Cromwell]]'' by Victor Hugo and its preface, considered a [[manifesto of Romanticism]]
 +*''[[Melmoth the Wanderer]]'' (1820) by Charles Maturin
 +*''[[Smarra, or The Demons of the Night]]'' (1821) by Charles Nodier
 +*''[[The Dead Donkey and the Guillotined Woman]]'' (1827) by Jules Janin
 +*''[[Jud Süß (Hauff novel)|Jud Süß]]'' (1827) by Wilhelm Hauff
 +*''[[The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner]]'' (1824) by James Hogg
 +*''[[Trilby, ou le lutin d'Argail|Trilby]]'' by Charles Nodier
 +====Non-fiction====
 +*"[[The Artist, the Scientist and the Industrialist]]" (1825) by Olinde Rodrigues
 +*''[[De figuris Veneris]]'' (1824) by Friedrich Karl Forberg
 +*"[[On the Supernatural in Fictitious Composition]]" (1827) by Walter Scott
 +*"[[Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts]]" by de Quincey
 +*''[[The Epicurean]]'' (1827) by Thomas Moore
 +*''[[Confessions of an English Opium-Eater]]'' (1821) by Thomas de Quincey
 +*''[[Physiologie du goût]]'' (1825) by Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin
 +===Visual art===
 +*[[The Great Wave off Kanagawa]] (1823-29)
 +*''[[Woman on a Balcony]]'' (Frau auf dem Söller) (1824) - [[Carl Gustav Carus]] (1789-1869)
 +*''[[The Polar Sea]]'' (1824) - Caspar David Friedrich
 +*[[Secret Museum, Naples]] - The `Cabinet of Obscene Objects' is renamed to `Reserved Cabinet'
 +*''[[Monomanies]]'', a series of ten paintings by Théodore Géricault
*[[Garden in Shoreham]] (1820s or early 1830s) - [[Samuel Palmer]] *[[Garden in Shoreham]] (1820s or early 1830s) - [[Samuel Palmer]]
*[[The Polar Sea]] (1824) - [[Caspar David Friedrich]] *[[The Polar Sea]] (1824) - [[Caspar David Friedrich]]
*[[The Great Wave off Kanagawa]] - Hokusai *[[The Great Wave off Kanagawa]] - Hokusai
-During the 19th century, in both European and American art, the landscape emerged as a subject of profound significance. As industry flourished, many artists turned to nature as an escape.+==Births==
 +*[[Gustave Flaubert]] (1821 - 1880)
 +*[[Charles Baudelaire]] (1821 - 1867)
 +*[[Fyodor Dostoevsky]] (1821 - 1881)
 +*[[Matthew Arnold]] (1822 – 1888)
 +*[[Jean-Léon Gérôme]] (1824 - 1904)
 +*[[Wilkie Collins]] (1824 – 1889)
 +*[[Karl Heinrich Ulrichs]] (1825 – 1895)
 +*[[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]] (1825 - 1905)
 +*[[Gustave Moreau]] (1826 - 1898)
 +*[[Arnold Böcklin]] (1827 - 1901)
 +*[[Jules Verne]] (1828 - 1905)
-The '''1820s''' decade ran from January 1, 1820, to December 31, 1829.+== Technology ==
 +* World's first modern railway, the [[Stockton and Darlington Railway]], opens to the public in 1825.
 +* Invention of the photograph and the first still existing photograph taken in 1826.
 +*Karl Ernst von Baer discovers the human ovum
== Politics and wars == == Politics and wars ==
=== Wars === === Wars ===
-[[File:January Suchodolski - Akhaltsikhe siege.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)|Russo-Turkish War]]]] 
* [[Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)]] * [[Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)]]
* [[Caucasian War]] (1817–1864) * [[Caucasian War]] (1817–1864)
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* The [[United Provinces of Central America]] were formed in 1823. * The [[United Provinces of Central America]] were formed in 1823.
* [[Temperance movement]] emerges in U.S. * [[Temperance movement]] emerges in U.S.
- 
-== Technology == 
-* World's first modern railway, the [[Stockton and Darlington Railway]], opens to the public in 1825. 
-* Invention of the photograph and the first still existing photograph taken in 1826. 
== Economics == == Economics ==
* United States (1825) The [[Erie Canal]] opens – passage from [[Albany, New York]] to [[Lake Erie]] and the [[Ohio and Erie Canal]] is dug to extend settlement access and commercial traffic to the [[Ohio River]]. * United States (1825) The [[Erie Canal]] opens – passage from [[Albany, New York]] to [[Lake Erie]] and the [[Ohio and Erie Canal]] is dug to extend settlement access and commercial traffic to the [[Ohio River]].
-== Popular culture == 
-=== Music === 
-* [[Beethoven]]'s [[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Ninth Symphony]] premiers on May 7, 1824 in the Kärntnertortheater in Vienna. 
- 
-== People == 
-===World leaders=== 
-King [[D.João VI]]([[Portugal]]) 
- 
-* Emir [[Dost Mohammad Khan]] ([[Afghanistan]]) 
-* Supreme director [[José Rondeau]] ([[Argentina]]) 
-* Acting supreme [[Manuel Dorrego]] ([[Argentina]]) 
-* General [[Juan Manuel de Rosas]] ([[Argentina]]) 
-* Emperor [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis II]] (Austria) 
-* Chancellor [[Klemens Wenzel von Metternich]] (Austria) 
-* Sheikh [[Sulman ibn Ahmad Al Khalifah]] ([[Bahrain]]) 
-* Sheikh [[Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah]] ([[Bahrain]]) 
-* Administrative leader [[Tendzin Drugdra]] ([[Bhutan]]) 
-* Administrative leader [[Choki Gyaltshen]] ([[Bhutan]]) 
-* President [[Simón Bolívar]] ([[Bolivia]]) 
-* President [[Antonio José de Sucre]] ([[Bolivia]]) 
-* President [[José María Pérez]] ([[Bolivia]]) 
-* President [[José Miguel de Velasco]] ([[Bolivia]]) 
-* President [[Pedro Blanco]] ([[Bolivia]]) 
-* President [[Andrés de Santa Cruz]] ([[Bolivia]]) 
-* Emperor [[Pedro I]] ([[Brazil]]) 
-* Sultan [[Muhammad Kanzul Alam]] ([[Brunei]]) 
-* Sultan [[Muhammad Alam]] ([[Brunei]]) 
-* Sultan [[Omar Ali Saifuddin II]] ([[Brunei]]) 
-* King [[Ang Chan II]] ([[Cambodia]]) 
-* President [[Bernardo O'Higgins]] ([[Chile]]) 
-* President [[Agustín Eyzaguirre]] ([[Chile]]) 
-* Interim Supreme Director [[Ramón Freire]] ([[Chile]]) 
-* Acting Supreme Director [[Diego José Benavente]] ([[Chile]]) 
-* President [[Manuel Blanco Encalada]] ([[Chile]]) 
-* President [[Francisco Antonio Pinto]] ([[Chile]]) 
-* President [[Francisco Ramón Vicuña]] ([[Chile]]) 
-* President [[José Tomás Ovalle]] ([[Chile]]) 
-* Emperor [[Daoguang]] (China) 
-* President [[Simón Bolívar]] ([[Greater Colombia]]) 
-* King [[Frederick VI]] (Denmark) 
-* Governor [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muḩammad ‘Alī]] ([[Egypt]]) 
-* Emperor [[Iyoas II of Ethiopia|Iyoas II]] ([[Ethiopia]]) 
-* Emperor [[Gigar of Ethiopia|Gigar]] ([[Ethiopia]]) 
-* Emperor [[Baeda Maryam III of Ethiopia|Baeda Maryam III]] ([[Ethiopia]]) 
-* President [[José Cecilio del Valle]] ([[Federal Republic of Central America]]) 
-* President [[Manuel José Arce]] ([[Federal Republic of Central America]]) 
-* President [[José Francisco Barrundia]] ([[Federal Republic of Central America]]) 
-* King [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]] ([[Bourbon Dynasty, Restored|Restoration]] France) 
-* King [[Charles X of France|Charles X]] ([[Bourbon Dynasty, Restored|Restoration]] France) 
-* Governor [[Ioannis Kapodistrias]] (Greece) 
-* King [[Henri Christophe]] ([[Haiti]]) 
-* President [[Jean Pierre Boyer]] ([[Haiti]]) 
-* [[Pope Pius VII]] 
-* [[Pope Leo XII]] 
-* [[Shogun]] [[Tokugawa Ienari]] (Japan) 
-* Khan [[Omar Beg]] ([[Khanate of Kokand|Kokand]]) 
-* Khan [[Madli Khan|Mohammed Ali]] ([[Khanate of Kokand|Kokand]]) 
-* Emperor [[Sunjo of Joseon|Sunjo]] ([[Korea]]) 
-* Emir [[Jaber I Al-Sabah]] ([[Kuwait]]) 
-* Emperor [[Agustín de Iturbide]] (Mexico) 
-* President [[Guadalupe Victoria]] (Mexico) 
-* President [[Vicente Guerrero]] (Mexico) 
-* President [[José María Bocanegra]] (Mexico) 
-* President [[Pedro Vélez]] (Mexico) 
-* Sultan [[Slimane]] ([[Morocco]]) 
-* Sultan [[Abderrahmane of Morocco|Abderrahmane]] ([[Morocco]]) 
-* Padshah [[Akbar II]] ([[Mughal Empire]]) 
-* [[Fath Ali Shah]] of [[Qajar dynasty]] ([[Persia]]) 
-* King [[Frederick William III]] ([[Prussia]]) 
-* Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]] ([[Sikh Empire|Sikh Empire, Punjab]]) 
-* Emperor [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] (Russia) 
-* Emperor [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I]] (Russia) 
-* King [[Victor Emmanuel I]] ([[Sardinia]]) 
-* King [[Charles Felix]] ([[Sardinia]]) 
-* King [[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai|Rama II]] ([[Thailand|Siam]]) 
-* King [[Jessadabodindra|Rama III]] ([[Thailand|Siam]]) 
-* King [[Ferdinand VII]] (Spain) 
-* King [[Charles XIV John]] (Sweden) 
-* [[Pasha]] [[Yusuf Karamanli]] ([[Tripoli]]) 
-* King [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George IV]] ([[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]) 
-* King [[William I of the Netherlands|William I]] ([[United Kingdom of the Netherlands]]) 
-* President [[James Monroe]] (United States) 
-* President [[John Quincy Adams]] (United States) 
-* Emperor [[Minh Mạng]] ([[Vietnam]]) 
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

Revision as of 13:17, 4 March 2017

View from the Window at Le Gras is one of Nicéphore Niépce's earliest surviving photographs, circa 1826.
Enlarge
View from the Window at Le Gras is one of Nicéphore Niépce's earliest surviving photographs, circa 1826.
Stendhal's depiction of the process of falling in love, from On Love, 1822
Enlarge
Stendhal's depiction of the process of falling in love, from On Love, 1822

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The 1820s decade ran from January 1, 1820, to December 31, 1829. The 1820s witnesses the birth of Romanticism with Victor Hugo's preface Cromwell and the paintings of Delacroix. The 1820s sees also the birth of photography.

Contents

Popular culture

Events and trends include the first music halls in the UK and the first photograph by Nicéphore Niépce in 1826.

  • The use of the word "blue" to refer to risqué content was first recorded in Scotland in 1824.

Music

Literature

Fiction

Non-fiction

Visual art

Births


Technology

  • World's first modern railway, the Stockton and Darlington Railway, opens to the public in 1825.
  • Invention of the photograph and the first still existing photograph taken in 1826.
  • Karl Ernst von Baer discovers the human ovum

Politics and wars

Wars

Internal conflicts

Colonization

Decolonization and independence

  • Nationalistic independence helped reshape the world during this decade:
  • Mexico gains Independence from Spain after a bitter bloody war, leaving most of Mexico in ruins (1821)

Prominent political events

Economics





Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "1820s" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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