1850s  

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 +[[Image:Stryge by Meryon.jpg|right|thumb|200px|''[[Stryge]]'' ([[1853]]) is a print by [[French etcher]] [[Charles Méryon]] depicting one of the [[Chimera (architecture)|chimera]] of the ''[[Galerie des chimères]]'' of the [[Notre Dame de Paris]] cathedral.]]
 +{| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
 +| style="text-align: left;" |
 +"[[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]] remarks somewhere that all great world-historic facts and personages appear, so to speak, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as [[tragedy]], the second time as [[farce]]." --"[[The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon]]" (1852) by Karl Marx
 +<hr>
 +[[1859]] - [[1858]] - [[1857]] - [[1856]] - [[1855]] - [[1854]] - [[1853]] - [[1852]] - [[1851]] - [[1850]]
 +|}
[[Image:The Crystal Palace.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A huge [[iron]] and [[glass]] building, [[The Crystal Palace]] was one of the [[wonder]]s of, if not the [[world]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]]. A rebuilt and expanded version of the building that originally housed the [[Great Exhibition]] of [[1851]], it stood in [[Sydenham]] from [[1854]] until [[1936]], and attracted many thousands of visitors from all levels of society. The name "Crystal Palace" was coined by the satirical magazine [[Punch magazine|Punch]]. Today, it symbolizes [[modern architecture]], the rise of [[consumer culture]] and the start of [[industrial design]].]] [[Image:The Crystal Palace.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A huge [[iron]] and [[glass]] building, [[The Crystal Palace]] was one of the [[wonder]]s of, if not the [[world]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]]. A rebuilt and expanded version of the building that originally housed the [[Great Exhibition]] of [[1851]], it stood in [[Sydenham]] from [[1854]] until [[1936]], and attracted many thousands of visitors from all levels of society. The name "Crystal Palace" was coined by the satirical magazine [[Punch magazine|Punch]]. Today, it symbolizes [[modern architecture]], the rise of [[consumer culture]] and the start of [[industrial design]].]]
- +[[Image:Louis Janmot Nightmare.jpg|thumb|200px|''Poem of the Soul, Nightmare'' ([[1854]] by [[Louis Janmot]]]]
{{Template}} {{Template}}
- +The '''1850s''' was a very [[turbulent]] decade, as wars such as the [[Crimean War]], shifted and shook [[European politics]], as well as the expansion of [[colonization]] towards the [[Far East]], which also sparked conflicts like the [[Second Opium War]]. At the mean time, The [[United States]] saw its peak on [[American frontier|mass migration to the American West]], that particularly made the nation experience an economic boom, as well as a rapidly increasing population.
== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
 +*[[Bohemianism]]
 +*rise of [[fine art photography]]
 +*the [[Great Exhibition]] (UK world fair)
 +*invention of [[wood pulp|pulp paper]]
 +*first purpose-built [[music hall]]s
 +*start of "[[industrial design]]"
 +*start of [[modernism]]
 +*[[Baron Haussmann]] begins redesign of Paris, creating boulevards
 +*[[James Whistler]], American artist, is one of many artists who flow into Paris after having read [[Murger]]'s accounts
 +*[[New Orleans]] legalizes licensed prostitutes
 +*[[Frederick Law Olmsted]]'s design for New York's Central Park
-Literature: Les Fleurs du mal (1857) - Madame Bovary (1857) - Artifical Paradises (1850s) - The Origin of Species (1859)+=== Literature ===
- +*''[[The Stones of Venice (book)|The Stones of Venice]]'' (1851-53) by John Ruskin
-Events and trends: rise of photography as an art form - the Great Exhibition (UK world fair) - invention of pulp paper - first purpose-built music halls - start of "industrial design" - start of modernism+*''[[Chemistry of Common Life]]'' (1855) by James Finlay Weir Johnston
- +*''[[Les Fleurs du mal]]'' (1857) Charles Baudelaire
-The Crystal Palace (1851) - Joseph Paxton+*''[[Madame Bovary]]'' (1857) Gustave Flaubert
- +*''[[The Origin of Species]]'' (1859) by Charles Darwin
-Poem of the Soul, Nightmare (1854) - Louis Janmot (1814-1892)+
- +
-Great Day of His Wrath (1851-53) - John Martin+
- +
-Fading Away (1858) - Henry Peach Robinson+
- +
-“The degenerate human being, if he is abandoned to himself, falls into a progressive degradation. He becomes…not only incapable of forming part of the chain of transmission of progress in human society, he is the greatest obstacle to this progress through his contact with the healthy proportion of the population.” Bénédict Augustin Morel, Treatise on the Physical, Intellectual and Moral Degeneration of the Human Race, 1857 +
- +
-Wood pulp [...]+
- +
-Around 1850, a German named Friedrich Gottlob Keller crushed wood with a wet grindstone to obtain wood pulp. Further experimentation by American chemist C.B. Tilghman and Swedish inventor C.F. Dahl enabled the manufacture of wood pulp using chemicals to break down the fibres. --http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_pulp#History [Nov 2005]+
- +
-Variety Shows, Music Hall Entertainment, and Dance Halls+
- +
-Music Hall is a type of British theatre which had its start in the public "song and supper" rooms of the 1850s. It flourished from the 1890s to the Second World War, when other forms of popular music evolved and it began to be replaced by films as the most popular form of entertainment.+
- +
-British Music Hall was similar to American vaudeville, featuring rousing songs and standard jokes, while in the United Kingdom the term vaudeville referred to more lowbrow entertainment that would have been termed burlesque in the United States.+
- +
- +
- +
- +
- A Biased Timeline of the Counter-Culture [...]+
- +
- 1850 The Vegetarian Society founded, Manchester+===Visual culture===
- 1851 or 53? Ruskin: The Stones of Venice (man can only be free+*''[[The Stone Breakers]]'' (1850) by Gustave Courbet
- if he is being creative, and industrialism destroys this)+*''[[A Burial At Ornans]]'' (1850) by Gustave Courbet
- 1852 Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte declares himself emperor of France;+*[[The Crystal Palace]] (1851) - Joseph Paxton
- Victor Hugo opposes this and flees into exile+*''[[Poem of the Soul, Nightmare]]'' (1854) - Louis Janmot
- First Congress of Co-operative Societies meets, London+*''[[The Great Day of His Wrath]]'' (1851-53) - John Martin
- 1853 Haussman begins redesign of Paris, creating boulevards+*''[[Fading Away]]'' (1858) - Henry Peach Robinson
- through lower class areas for ease of moving the army+
- around and to keep the middle classes from moving out+
- Crimean War begins: xx die of cholera+
- until Florence Nightingale introduces sanitation+
- William Morris starts college, meets Edward Burne-Jones,+
- and discusses John Ruskin's Modern Painters with him+
- Saltaire model village built, ne of Manchester+
- 1854 "War for Bleeding Kansas" between free and slave states+
- Thoreau: Walden, or Life in the Woods+
- First street-poster pillars erected in Berlin+
- 1854/5 James Whistler, American artist, is one of many+
- artists who flow into Paris after having read Murger's accounts+
- 1856 + Karl Marx living in London (observing cap sys) (when to when?)+
- 1856? Golden spike joins the west coast of U.S. to the east+
- 1857 US-wide depression, & economic crisis throughout Europe,+
- caused by speculation in U.S. railroad shares+
- Irish Republican Brotherhood (Fenians) founded+
- Charles Baudelaire: "Les Fleurs du mal"+
- Pasteur shows that fermentation is caused by living organisms+
- New Orleans legalizes licensed prostitutes+
- 1858 Olmsted's design for New York's Central Park+
- when? City Beautiful movement+
- 1859 Darwin's Origin of the Species published+
- John Stuart Mill (1806-73): On Liberty+
- Internal combustion engine invented+
- first self-help manual published (how to succeed in life)+
== Births == == Births ==

Revision as of 11:43, 13 January 2019

Stryge (1853) is a print by French etcher Charles Méryon depicting one of the chimera of the Galerie des chimères of the Notre Dame de Paris cathedral.
Enlarge
Stryge (1853) is a print by French etcher Charles Méryon depicting one of the chimera of the Galerie des chimères of the Notre Dame de Paris cathedral.

"Hegel remarks somewhere that all great world-historic facts and personages appear, so to speak, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce." --"The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon" (1852) by Karl Marx

1859 - 1858 - 1857 - 1856 - 1855 - 1854 - 1853 - 1852 - 1851 - 1850

A huge iron and glass building, The Crystal Palace was one of the wonders of, if not the world, Britain. A rebuilt and expanded version of the building that originally housed the Great Exhibition of 1851, it stood in Sydenham from 1854 until 1936, and attracted many thousands of visitors from all levels of society. The name "Crystal Palace" was coined by the satirical magazine Punch. Today, it symbolizes modern architecture, the rise of consumer culture and the start of industrial design.
Enlarge
A huge iron and glass building, The Crystal Palace was one of the wonders of, if not the world, Britain. A rebuilt and expanded version of the building that originally housed the Great Exhibition of 1851, it stood in Sydenham from 1854 until 1936, and attracted many thousands of visitors from all levels of society. The name "Crystal Palace" was coined by the satirical magazine Punch. Today, it symbolizes modern architecture, the rise of consumer culture and the start of industrial design.
Poem of the Soul, Nightmare (1854 by Louis Janmot
Enlarge
Poem of the Soul, Nightmare (1854 by Louis Janmot

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The 1850s was a very turbulent decade, as wars such as the Crimean War, shifted and shook European politics, as well as the expansion of colonization towards the Far East, which also sparked conflicts like the Second Opium War. At the mean time, The United States saw its peak on mass migration to the American West, that particularly made the nation experience an economic boom, as well as a rapidly increasing population.

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