18th century
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| [[Image:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti de Mirabeau, pained by Joseph Boze.jpg|thumb|right|200px|In May [[1777]], [[Comte de Mirabeau]], [[18th century]] French aristocrat was imprisoned at [[prison of Vincennes|Vincennes]]. There he met [[Marquis de Sade]], both of them imprisoned by [[lettre de cachet]], both [[libertine]]s; however the two [[dislike]]d each other intensely. They both [[writing in prison|wrote prolifically in prison]], both suffered from [[graphomania]], Mirabeau would write ''[[Lettres à Sophie|letters to Sophie]]'', ''[[Le Libertin de qualité|Le libertin de qualité]]'' and the ''[[Erotika Biblion]]''; Sade was incarcerated in various [[prison]]s and [[insane asylum]]s for about 32 years (out of a total of 74) of his life; much of his writing, starting with his debut ''[[Dialogue Between a Priest and a Dying Man]]'' [[writing in prison|was done during his imprisonment]].]] | [[Image:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti de Mirabeau, pained by Joseph Boze.jpg|thumb|right|200px|In May [[1777]], [[Comte de Mirabeau]], [[18th century]] French aristocrat was imprisoned at [[prison of Vincennes|Vincennes]]. There he met [[Marquis de Sade]], both of them imprisoned by [[lettre de cachet]], both [[libertine]]s; however the two [[dislike]]d each other intensely. They both [[writing in prison|wrote prolifically in prison]], both suffered from [[graphomania]], Mirabeau would write ''[[Lettres à Sophie|letters to Sophie]]'', ''[[Le Libertin de qualité|Le libertin de qualité]]'' and the ''[[Erotika Biblion]]''; Sade was incarcerated in various [[prison]]s and [[insane asylum]]s for about 32 years (out of a total of 74) of his life; much of his writing, starting with his debut ''[[Dialogue Between a Priest and a Dying Man]]'' [[writing in prison|was done during his imprisonment]].]] | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | Two films about the 18th century in Europe are ''[[Ridicule (film)|Ridicule]]'' (1996) and ''[[Dangerous Liaisons]]'' (1988). | + | |
| + | The '''18th century''' lasted from [[1701]] to [[1800]] in the [[Gregorian calendar]], in accordance with the [[Anno Domini]]/[[Common Era]] numbering system. | ||
| + | |||
| + | However, Western historians may sometimes specifically define the 18th [[century]] otherwise for the purposes of their work. For example, the "short" 18th century may be defined as [[1715]]–[[1789]], denoting the period of time between the death of [[Louis XIV of France]] and the start of the [[French Revolution]] with an emphasis on directly interconnected events. | ||
| + | |||
| + | To historians who expand the century to include larger historical movements, the "long" 18th century may run from the [[Glorious Revolution]] of [[1688]] to the [[battle of Waterloo]] in [[1815]] or even later. During the 18th century, the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] culminated in the [[French Revolution|French]] and [[American Revolution|American revolutions]]. Philosophy and science increased in prominence. Philosophers were dreaming about a better age without the Christian fundamentalism of earlier centuries. This dream turned into a nightmare during the [[Reign of Terror|terror]] of [[Maximilien Robespierre]] in the early 1790s. At first, the monarchies of Europe embraced enlightenment ideals, but with the French revolution, they were on the side of the counterrevolution. | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Great Britain]] became a major power worldwide with the [[French and Indian War|defeat of France in the Americas]] in the 1760s and [[Company rule in India|the conquest of large parts of India]]. However, Britain lost much of her North American colonies after the American revolution. The [[industrial revolution]] started in Britain around the 1770s. Despite its modest beginnings in the 18th century, it would radically change human society and the geology of the surface of the earth. | ||
| + | |||
| == 18th century culture == | == 18th century culture == | ||
| *[[18th century art]] | *[[18th century art]] | ||
| *[[18th century literature]] | *[[18th century literature]] | ||
| - | *[[Romanticism]], towards the end of the century | ||
| *[[Enlightenment]], an 18th century counterculture | *[[Enlightenment]], an 18th century counterculture | ||
| - | *[[Gothic architecture]], the revival began in mid-century England | + | *[[Molly house]]s |
| - | *[[Madame de Staël]], She influenced literary tastes in Europe at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries | + | |
| - | *[[Molly house]] | + | |
| *[[European sodomy laws]] On the 9th of May 1726, three men were hanged at Tyburn for sodomy. | *[[European sodomy laws]] On the 9th of May 1726, three men were hanged at Tyburn for sodomy. | ||
| - | *[[Robert Darnton]] | ||
| - | *[[Enlightenment]] | ||
| - | *[[A Vindication of the Rights of Woman]] | ||
| - | *[[Decadent movement]] | ||
| - | *[[Fetishism]] | ||
| - | *[[Petite bourgeoisie]] | ||
| *[[Orientalism]] | *[[Orientalism]] | ||
| *[[European exploitation|the roots of European exploitation]] | *[[European exploitation|the roots of European exploitation]] | ||
| + | ===Films about the 18th century=== | ||
| + | Two films about the 18th century in Europe are ''[[Ridicule (film)|Ridicule]]'' (1996) and ''[[Dangerous Liaisons]]'' (1988). | ||
| ==Eighteenth century== | ==Eighteenth century== | ||
Revision as of 13:31, 28 January 2010
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The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini/Common Era numbering system.
However, Western historians may sometimes specifically define the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work. For example, the "short" 18th century may be defined as 1715–1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution with an emphasis on directly interconnected events.
To historians who expand the century to include larger historical movements, the "long" 18th century may run from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the battle of Waterloo in 1815 or even later. During the 18th century, the Enlightenment culminated in the French and American revolutions. Philosophy and science increased in prominence. Philosophers were dreaming about a better age without the Christian fundamentalism of earlier centuries. This dream turned into a nightmare during the terror of Maximilien Robespierre in the early 1790s. At first, the monarchies of Europe embraced enlightenment ideals, but with the French revolution, they were on the side of the counterrevolution.
Great Britain became a major power worldwide with the defeat of France in the Americas in the 1760s and the conquest of large parts of India. However, Britain lost much of her North American colonies after the American revolution. The industrial revolution started in Britain around the 1770s. Despite its modest beginnings in the 18th century, it would radically change human society and the geology of the surface of the earth.
18th century culture
- 18th century art
- 18th century literature
- Enlightenment, an 18th century counterculture
- Molly houses
- European sodomy laws On the 9th of May 1726, three men were hanged at Tyburn for sodomy.
- Orientalism
- the roots of European exploitation
Films about the 18th century
Two films about the 18th century in Europe are Ridicule (1996) and Dangerous Liaisons (1988).
Eighteenth century
- 1800 - 1799 - 1798 - 1797 - 1796 - 1795 - 1794 - 1793 - 1792 - 1791
- 1790 - 1789 - 1788 - 1787 - 1786 - 1785 - 1784 - 1783 - 1782 - 1781
- 1780 - 1779 - 1778 - 1777 - 1776 - 1775 - 1774 - 1773 - 1772 - 1771
- 1770 - 1769 - 1768 - 1767 - 1766 - 1765 - 1764 - 1763 - 1762 - 1761
- 1760 - 1759 - 1758 - 1757 - 1756 - 1755 - 1754 - 1753 - 1752 - 1751
- 1750 - 1749 - 1748 - 1747 - 1746 - 1745 - 1744 - 1743 - 1742 - 1741
- 1740 - 1739 - 1738 - 1737 - 1736 - 1735 - 1734 - 1733 - 1732 - 1731
- 1730 - 1729 - 1728 - 1727 - 1726 - 1725 - 1724 - 1723 - 1722 - 1721
- 1720 - 1719 - 1718 - 1717 - 1716 - 1715 - 1714 - 1713 - 1712 - 1711
- 1710 - 1709 - 1708 - 1707 - 1706 - 1705 - 1704 - 1703 - 1702 - 1701
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