1918

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

(Difference between revisions)

Jump to: navigation, search

Revision as of 15:51, 19 December 2017

"Salut monde" by Guillaume Apollinaire

Related e

Wikipedia
Wiktionary
Shop

Featured:

Rhombicuboctahedron by Leonardo da Vinci

1918 (MCMXVIII) was the 918th year of the 2nd millennium, the 18th year of the 20th century, and the 9th year of the 1910s decade.

Events

February 6 – Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom: Representation of the People Act gives most women over 30 the vote.
March 26 – Dr. Marie Stopes publishes her influential book Married Love in the U.K.
July 17 – Execution of the Romanov family: By order of the Bolshevik Party and carried out by the Cheka, former emperor Nicholas II, his wife Alexandra Feodorovna, their children, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei, and retainers are shot at the Ipatiev House in Ekaterinburg, Russia.
August 30 - In response to the October Revolution in Russia, Vladimir Lenin is shot and wounded by Fanny Kaplan in Moscow, but survives.
November 11 - End of WWI and Armistice with Germany (Compiègne): Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies between 5:12 AM and 5:20 AM in Marshal Foch's railroad car in Compiègne Forest in France. It becomes official on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month.

Births

January 20 - Juan García Esquivel, Mexican bandleader (d. 2002)
- Nevin S. Scrimshaw, American clinical (d. 2013)
January 21
- Chichay, Filipino actress (d. 1993)
- Richard D. Winters, U.S. Army officer (d. 2011)
January 22 – Elmer Lach, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2015)
January 23 – Gertrude B. Elion, American scientist recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1999)
January 24 – Oral Roberts, American neo-Pentecostal televangelist (d. 2009)
January 25 – Ernie Harwell, American baseball sportscaster (d. 2010)
January 26
- Nicolae Ceaușescu, Romanian dictator (d. 1989)
- Philip José Farmer, American writer (d. 2009)
- Vito Scotti, American character actor (d. 1996)
January 27
- Skitch Henderson, English-born musician and bandleader (d. 2005)
- Elmore James, American musician (d. 1963)
January 29
- Luis Aguilar, Mexican actor and singer (d. 1997)
- John Forsythe, American actor (Dynasty) (d. 2010)

February

February 1
- Carlos Fayt, Argentine lawyer, politician and academic (d. 2016)
- Dame Muriel Spark, Scottish author (d. 2006)
February 2 – Hella Haasse, Dutch writer (d. 2011)
February 3
- Joey Bishop, American entertainer, member of the "Rat Pack" (d. 2007)
- Helen Stephens, American runner (d. 1994)
February 4
- Ida Lupino, Anglo-American actress, screenwriter, director and producer (d. 1995)
- Clive Bossom, British politician (d. 2017)
February 6 – Lothar-Günther Buchheim, German author (d. 2007)
February 7 – Markey Robinson, Irish painter (d. 1999)
February 8
- Fred Blassie, American professional wrestler and novelty singer (Pencil Neck Geek) (d. 2003)
- Walter Newton Read, American lawyer and second chairman of the New Jersey Casino Control Commission (d. 2001)
February 12 – Julian Schwinger, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
February 15 – Allan Arbus, American actor (M*A*S*H) (d. 2013)
February 16 – Patty Andrews, American singer (The Andrews Sisters) (d. 2013)
February 17 – William Bronk, American poet (d. 1999)
February 19 – Fay McKenzie, American silent film actress
February 22
- Charlie Finley, American owner of the Oakland A's 1960–80 (d. 1996)
- Don Pardo, American TV announcer (Saturday Night Live) (d. 2014)
- Robert Pershing Wadlow, American tallest man record-holder (d. 1940)
February 25
- Barney Ewell, American athlete (d. 1996)
- Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (d. 1995)
February 26
- Herbert Blaize, 6th Prime Minister of Grenada (d. 1989)
- Otis R. Bowen, American politician (d. 2013)
- Theodore Sturgeon, American writer (d. 1985)
February 28 – Alfred Burke, English actor (d. 2011)

March

March 1
- Roger Delgado, British actor (d. 1973)
- João Goulart, President of Brazil (d. 1976)
March 2 – Martin Flannery, British politician (d. 2006)
March 3
- Arthur Kornberg, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2007)
- Fritz Thiedemann, German equestrian (d. 2000)
March 4 – Margaret Osborne duPont, former American female tennis player (d. 2012)
March 5
- Shlomo Lorincz, member of Israeli Knesset for Agudat Yisrael (d. 2009)
- James Tobin, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
March 9
- George Lincoln Rockwell, American Nazi leader (d. 1967)
- Mickey Spillane, American writer (d. 2006)
March 10 – Günther Rall, German ace fighter pilot (d. 2009)
March 11 – Jack Coe, American evangelist (d. 1956)
March 12 – Elaine de Kooning, American artist (d. 1989)
March 13 – Eddie Pellagrini, American baseball player and coach (d. 2006)
March 14 – John McCallum, Australian actor (d. 2010)
March 15 – William McIntyre, Canadian Puisne Justice (d. 2009)
March 16 – Frederick Reines, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
March 17 – Viviane Gauthier, Haitian dancer (d. 2017)
March 18 – Bob Broeg, American sports writer (d. 2005)
March 20 – Jack Barry, American television game show host and producer (d. 1984)
March 22 – Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (d. 1997)
March 23
- Stick McGhee, American jump blues singer, guitarist, and songwriter (d. 1961)
- Émile Derlin Zinsou, President of Benin (d. 2016)
March 25 – Howard Cosell, American attorney, lecturer, and sports journalist (d. 1995)
March 29
- Pearl Bailey, African-American singer and actress (d. 1990)
- Shirley Jameson, American female baseball player (d. 1993)
- Sam Walton, founder of Wal-Mart (d. 1992)

April

April 6 – Alfredo Ovando Candía, President of Bolivia (d. 1982)
April 7 – Bobby Doerr, American baseball player (d. 2017)
April 8 – Betty Ford, First Lady of the United States (d. 2011)
April 9 – Jørn Utzon, Danish architect (d. 2008)
April 14 – Mary Healy, American actress, variety entertainer, singer (d. 2015)
April 16 – Spike Milligan, Irish comedian (d. 2002)
April 17
- William Holden, American actor (d. 1981)
- Anne Shirley, American actress (d. 1993)
April 18
- Gabriel Axel, Danish film director (d. 2014)
- Claudio Teehankee, Filipino lawyer (d. 1989)
- Shinobu Hashimoto, Japanese screenwriter
- Clifton Hillegass, American author, founder of CliffsNotes (d. 2001)
April 20
- Edward L. Beach, Jr., American naval officer and author (d. 2002)
- Kai Siegbahn, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2007)
April 22
- Mickey Vernon, American baseball player (d. 2008)
- William Jay Smith, American poet (d. 2015)
April 26 – Fanny Blankers-Koen, Dutch athlete (d. 2004)
April 27 – John Rice, American baseball umpire (d. 2011)
April 28 – Karl-Eduard von Schnitzler East German journalist and host of the television show Der schwarze Kanal (d. 2001)

May

May 1 – Jack Paar, American television show host (The Tonight Show) (d. 2004)
May 3 – Richard Dudman, American reporter and editorial writer (St. Louis Post-Dispatch) (d. 2017)
May 4
- Kakuei Tanaka, former Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1993)
- Ana Enriqueta Terán, Venezuelan poet (d. 2017)
May 5 – Egidio Galea, Maltese Roman Catholic priest (d. 2005)
May 6 – Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, 1st President of the United Arab Emirates (d. 2004)
May 9
- Orville Freeman, American politician (d. 2003)
- Mike Wallace, American journalist (d. 2012)
- Russell M. Carneal, American politician and judge (d. 1998)
May 10
- T. Berry Brazelton, American pediatrician
- George Welch, American aviator (d. 1954)
May 11 – Richard Feynman, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
May 12 – Julius Rosenberg, American-born Soviet spy (d. 1953)
May 15
- Eddy Arnold, American country music singer (d. 2008)
- Joseph Wiseman, Canadian actor (d. 2009)
May 16 – Wilf Mannion, English footballer (d. 2000)
May 17
- A. C. Lyles, American film producer (d. 2013)
- Birgit Nilsson, Swedish soprano (d. 2005)
May 18 – Claudia Bryar, American actress (d. 2011)
May 19 – Abraham Pais, Dutch-born American physicist (d. 2000)
May 20 – Edward B. Lewis, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004)
May 23 – Frank Mancuso, American major league baseball player and politician (d. 2007)
May 27 – Yasuhiro Nakasone, Prime Minister of Japan
May 28 – Norbert Franck, Luxembourgian swimmer (d. 2006)
May 30
- Károly Doncsecz, Slovenian potter (d. 2002)
- Martin Lundstrom, Swedish Olympic cross-country skier (d. 2016)

June

June 2 – Kathryn Tucker Windham, American writer and storyteller (d. 2011)
June 4 – Johnny Klein, American drummer (d. 1997)
June 6
- Kenneth Connor, English comedy stage, radio, film and television actor (d. 1993)
- Edwin G. Krebs, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2009)
June 8 – Robert Preston, American actor (The Music Man) (d. 1987)
June 9 – John Hospers, American philosopher (d. 2011)
June 10 – Patachou, French singer (d. 2015)
June 15 – François Tombalbaye, former President of Chad (d. 1975)
June 17
- Raúl Padilla, alias El Chato, Mexican actor (d. 1994)
- Derek Barber, Baron Barber of Tewkesbury, British life peer (d. 2017)
- Ajahn Chah Subaddho, Buddhist teacher. (d. 1992)
June 18
- Jerome Karle, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
- Franco Modigliani, Italian-born economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2003)
June 21
- Adriana Sivieri, Argentine-born Italian film actress
- Josephine Webb, American engineer
- Allan Lindberg, Swedish pole vaulter (d. 2004)
June 22 – Cicely Saunders, English Anglican nurse, social worker, physician and writer (d. 2005)
June 23 – Paul Ashbee, British archaeologist (d. 2009)
June 24
- Yong Nyuk Lin, Singaporean politician (d. 2012)
- Myroslav Ivan Lubachivsky, Ukrainian Catholic bishop (d. 2000)
June 25 – Sid Tepper, American songwriter (d. 2015)
June 26
- Leo Rosner, Polish-born Austrian Jewish musician (d. 2008)
- Raleigh Rhodes, American combat fighter pilot (d. 2007)
June 27
- Willy Breinholst, Danish humorist and writer (d. 2009)
- Adolph Kiefer, American former competition swimmer (d. 2017)
June 28 – Marshall Brown, American professional basketball player (d. 2008)
June 29
- Francis W. Nye, United States Air Force major general
- Jeanne Manet, French actress
- Gene La Rocque, U.S admiral (d. 2016)
- Heini Lohrer, Swiss ice hockey player (d. 2011)
June 30
- Des Case, Welsh rugby union and professional rugby league footballer

July

July 1
- Ralph Young, American singer and actor (d. 2008)
- Ahmed Deedat, South African writer and public speaker (d. 2005)
- Pedro Yap, Filipino lawyer (d. 2003)
July 2
- Athos Bulcão, Brazilian painter and sculptor (d. 2008)
- Indumati Bhattacharya, Indian politician
July 3
- Johnny Palmer, American golfer (d. 2006)
- Benjamin C. Thompson, American architect (d. 2002)
July 4
- Alec Bedser, English cricketer (d. 2010)
- Eric Bedser, English cricketer (d. 2006)
- Ann Landers, American advice columnist (d. 2002)
- Joe Fortunato, American football, basketball, and baseball coach (d. 2004)
- Pauline Phillips, American advice columnist, popularly known as Abigail Van Buren (d. 2013)
- Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (d. 2006)
July 5
- Zakaria Mohieddin, Egyptian general and politician (d. 2012)
- Brian James, Australian actor (d. 2009)
- George Rochberg, American composer (d. 2005)
- Nikos Papatakis, Greek- Ethiopian-born naturalised French filmmaker (d. 2010)
July 6
- Herm Fuetsch, American professional basketball player (d. 2010)
- J. Dewey Daane, American economist (d. 2017)
July 7
- Bob Vanatta, American head basketball coach (d. 2016)
- Jing Shuping, Chinese businessman (d. 2009)
July 8
- Edward B. Giller, U.S Major General (d. 2017)
- Julia Pirie, British spy working for MI5 (d. 2008)
- Oluf Reed-Olsen, Norwegian resistance member and pilot (d. 2002)
- Craig Stevens, American actor (d. 2000)
- Paul B. Fay, American businessman, soldier, and diplomat, 12th United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 2009)
July 9 – Jarl Wahlström, Salvation Army General (d. 1999)
July 10
- Chuck Stevens, American major baseball
- Frank L. Lambert, Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at Occidental College
July 11 – Venetia Burney, English woman known for being the first person to suggest the name Pluto for the planet in 1930 (d. 2009)
July 12
- Doris Grumbach, American novelist, memoirist, biographer, literary critic, and essayist
- Mary Glen-Haig, British Olympic fencer (d. 2014)
- Alice Van-Springsteen, American stuntwoman and jockey (d. 2008)
- Vivian Mason, American actress (d. 2009)
- Paul Stenn, American football offensive tackle (d. 2003)
July 13
- Ted Oldfield, English footballer (d. 2006)
- Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d. 1955)
July 14
- Ingmar Bergman, Swedish film director (d. 2007)
- Jay Wright Forrester, American computer engineer and systems scientist (d. 2016)
July 15
- Brenda Milner, Canadian neuropsychologist
- Arthur Dimmock, English writer, journalist and historian (d. 2007)
- Bertram Brockhouse, Canadian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2003)
- Aubrey Buxton, Baron Buxton of Alsa, British soldier, politician, television executive and writer (d. 2009)
July 16
- Pituka de Foronda, Spanish actress (d. 1999)
- Paul Farnes, famed World War II Royal Air Force (RAF) fighter pilot and one of "The Few" surviving pilots of the Battle of Britain
- Jim Vickers-Willis, Australian journalist (d. 2008)
- Samuel Victor Perry, British biochemist (d. 2009)
- Denis Edward Arnold, English soldier (d. 2015)
July 17
- Chandler Robbins, American ornithologist (d. 2017)
- Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio, President of Guatemala (d. 2003)
July 18
- Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 2013)
- James Duesenberry, American economist (d. 2009)
- Warren Hair, American professional basketball player (d. 2006)
- Lia Dorana, Dutch comedian and actress (d. 2010)
July 20
- Auður Laxness, Icelandic writer and craftsperson (d. 2012)
- Eric Longworth, British actor (d. 2008)
- Cindy Walker, American songwriter (d. 2006)
July 22
- Lila Zali, Georgian-born American prima ballerina (d. 2003)
- Stanley Lebergott, American government economist (d. 2009)
July 23 – Abraham Bueno de Mesquita, Dutch comedian and actor (d. 2005)
July 24
- Ruggiero Ricci, Italian-born violinist (d. 2012)
- Antonio Candido, Brazilian literary critic and sociologist (d. 2017)
July 25
- Jane Frank, American artist (d. 1986)
- Alexander McKee, British journalist, military historian and diver, discoverer of the Mary Rose (d. 1992)
July 26 – Marjorie Lord, American actress (d. 2015)
July 27 – Leonard Rose, American cellist (d. 1984)
July 28 – Penaia Ganilau, 1st President of Fiji (d. 1993)
July 29 – Edwin O'Connor, American novelist and Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winner (d. 1968)
July 30 – John L. Cason, American actor (d. 1961)
July 31
- Paul D. Boyer, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- Hank Jones, American pianist (d. 2010)

August

August 3 – Sidney Gottlieb, American Central Intelligence Agency official (d. 1999)
August 4 – Noel Willman, Irish actor (d. 1988)
August 5 – Betty Oliphant, co-founder of National Ballet of Canada (d. 2004)
August 6 – Charles Coulston Gillispie, American historian (d. 2015)
August 11 – Thomas A. Bird, British WWII army officer and architect (d. 2017)
August 12 – Roy C. Bennett, American songwriter (d. 2015)
August 13
- Noor Hassanali, 2nd President of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 2006)
- Frederick Sanger, English biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
August 19 – Shankar Dayal Sharma, 9th President of India (d. 1999)
August 21 – Bruria Kaufman, American-born Israeli physicist (d. 2010)
August 22 – Said Mohamed Djohar, former President of the Comoros (d. 2006)
August 25 – Leonard Bernstein, American composer and conductor (d. 1990)
August 26
- Hutton Gibson, religion writer and father of actor Mel Gibson
- Katherine Johnson, American physicist, space scientist, and mathematician
August 27
- Jelle Zijlstra, Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1966 until 1967 (d. 2001)
- Simeon Booker, American journalist (d. 2017)
August 28 – Alejandro Agustín Lanusse, 37th President of Argentina (d. 1996)
August 29 – Brian Stonehouse, English painter and WWII spy (d. 1998)
August 30 – Ted Williams, American baseball player (d. 2002)

September

September 1 – James D. Martin, American politician (d. 2017)
September 3 – Helen Wagner, American soap opera actress (d. 2010)
September 4
- Paul Harvey, American radio broadcaster (d. 2009)
- Gerald Wilson, American jazz trumpeter (d. 2014)
September 8 – Derek Barton, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
September 9 – Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, 9th President of the Italian Republic (d. 2012)
September 13
- Ray Charles, American musician, singer and songwriter (d. 2015)
- Rosemary Kennedy, sister of President of the United States John F. Kennedy (d. 2005)
September 15 – Nipsey Russell, American comedian (d. 2005)
September 17 – Chaim Herzog, 6th President of Israel 1983–93 (d. 1997)
September 21 – John Gofman, American Manhattan Project scientist and advocate (d. 2007)
September 22 – Henryk Szeryng, Polish-born violinist (d. 1988)
September 26 – Peng Chang-kuei, Taiwanese chef (d. 2016)
September 27 – Martin Ryle, English radio astronomer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 1984)
September 28
- Ángel Labruna, Argentine soccer player and manager (d. 1983)
- Arnold Stang, American comic actor (d. 2009)
September 30 – Giovanni Canestri, Italian cardinal (d. 2015)

October

October 4 – Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
October 6 – Goh Keng Swee, former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore (d. 2010)
October 8 – Jens Christian Skou, Danish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
October 9 – E. Howard Hunt, Watergate break-in coordinator (d. 2007)
October 13 – Robert Walker, American actor (d. 1951)
October 14 – Thelma Coyne Long, Australian tennis player (d. 2015)
October 16 – Louis Althusser, French philosopher (d. 1990)
October 17 – Rita Hayworth, American actress (d. 1987)
October 18
- Konstantinos Mitsotakis, former Greek Prime Minister (d. 2017)
- Bobby Troup, American singer-songwriter and actor (Emergency!) (d. 1999)
October 19 – Robert S. Strauss, Democratic National Committee Chairman (d. 2014)
October 23 – Augusta Dabney, American actress (d. 2008)
October 25 – Milton Selzer, American actor (d. 2006)
October 26 – Marc Hodler, Swiss lawyer (d. 2006)
October 27
- Mihkel Mathiesen, Estonian statesman (d. 2003)
- Teresa Wright, American actress (d. 2005)
October 29 – Diana Serra Cary, American actress
October 31 – Ian Stevenson, American parapsychologist (d. 2007)

November

November 2 – Raimon Panikkar, Spanish theologian (d. 2010)
November 3
- Bob Feller, American baseball player (d. 2010)
- Elizabeth P. Hoisington, American Brigadier General (d. 2007)
- Russell B. Long, U.S. Senator from Louisiana (d. 2003)
- Dean Riesner, American film and television screenwriter (d. 2002)
November 4
- Art Carney, American actor, better known for his role in The Honeymooners (d. 2003)
- Cameron Mitchell, American actor, better known for his role in The High Chaparral (d. 1994)
November 7
- Paul Aussaresses, French general (d. 2013)
- Billy Graham, American evangelist, spiritual adviser to several U.S. Presidents
- Fred Cusick, American ice hockey broadcaster (d. 2009)
November 8
- Hermann Zapf, German typeface designer (d. 2015)
- Bob Schiller, American screenwriter (d. 2017)
November 9
- Spiro Agnew, 39th Vice President of the United States (d. 1996)
- Choi Hong Hi, South Korean general and martial artist (d. 2002)
- Thomas Ferebee, American colonel (d. 2000)
November 10
- Ernst Otto Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2007)
- John Henry Moss, American baseball executive and politician (d. 2009)
November 14 – John Bromwich, Australian tennis player (d. 1999)
November 21 – Dorothy Maguire Chapman, American professional baseball player (d. 1981)
November 26 – Patricio Aylwin, 32nd President of Chile (d. 2016)
November 28 – Jack H. Harris, American film producer, distributor and actor (d. 2017)
November 29 – Madeleine L'Engle, American author (d. 2007)
November 30 – Efrem Zimbalist, Jr., American actor (The FBI) (d. 2014)

December

December 3 – Abdul Haris Nasution, Indonesian general (d. 2000)
December 7 – Jórunn Viðar, Icelandic pianist and composer (d. 2017)
December 8 – Gérard Souzay, French baritone (d. 2004)
December 11 – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)
December 12 – Joe Williams, American jazz singer (d. 1999)
December 14 – B. K. S. Iyengar, Indian yoga teacher (d. 2014)
December 15 – Jeff Chandler, American actor (d. 1961)
December 17 – Dusty Anderson, American actress and model
December 20 – Joseph Payne Brennan, American poet and author (d. 1990)
December 21
- Donald Regan, American Treasury Secretary and White House Chief of Staff (d. 2003)
- Kurt Waldheim, President of Austria and Secretary-General of the United Nations (d. 2007)
December 23
- José Greco, Italian-born flamenco dancer (d. 2001)
- Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor of Germany (d. 2015)
December 25
- Bertie Mee, English football player and manager (d. 2001)
- Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1981)
December 31 – Al Lakeman, American catcher in Major League Baseball (d. 1976)

Date Unknown

Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, 5th President of Bangladesh (d. 1996)
Lou Dorfsman, American graphic designer (d. 2008)
Louis Wienholt, Australian public servant (d. 1973)

Deaths

January

January 6 – Georg Cantor, German mathematician (b. 1845)
January 8
- Johannes Pääsuke, Estonian photographer and filmmaker (b. 1892)
- Ellis H. Roberts, American politician (b. 1827)
January 9
- Max Ritter von Müller, German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1887)
- Émile Reynaud, French inventor (b. 1844)
January 10 – María Dolores Rodríguez Sopeña, Spanish Roman Catholic religious sister and blessed (b. 1848)
January 26 – Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich of Russia (b. 1850)
January 28 – John McCrae, Canadian soldier, surgeon and poet (b. 1872)

February

February 2 – John L. Sullivan, American boxer, World Heavyweight Champion (b. 1858)
February 5 – Leonard Monteagle Barlow, British fighter pilot (accident) (b. 1898)
February 6 – Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter (b. 1862)
February 8 – Louis Renault, French jurist, educator and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1843)
February 10
- Sultan Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1842)
- Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian pacifist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1833)
February 11 – Alexey Kaledin, Russian general (suicide) (b. 1861)
February 15 – Vernon Castle, American dancer (b. 1887)
February 16 – Károly Khuen-Héderváry, 2-Time Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1849)
February 23 – Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1882)

March

March 2 – Prince Mirko of Montenegro (b. 1879)
March 9 – Frank Wedekind, German playwright (b. 1864)
March 10
- Hans-Joachim Buddecke, German flying ace (killed in action) (b. 1890)
- Jim McCormick, Scottish-born American baseball player (b. 1856)
March 13 – César Cui, Lithuanian composer (b. 1835)
March 14
- Lucretia Garfield, First Lady of the United States (b. 1832)
- Gennaro Rubino, Italian anarchist who unsuccessfully tried to assassinate King Leopold II of Belgium.
March 15 – Adolf Ritter von Tutschek, German fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1891)
March 23 – T. P. Cameron Wilson, English poet and novelist (b. 1888)
March 25
- Claude Debussy, French composer (b. 1862)
- Walter Tull, First Black infantry officer to serve in the British Army (b. 1888)
March 27
- Henry Adams, American historian (b. 1838)
- Martin Sheridan, American Olympic athlete (b. 1881)

April

April 1
- Paul von Rennenkampf, Russian general (executed) (b. 1854)
- Isaac Rosenberg, British war poet (killed in action) (b. 1890)
April 4 – Hermann Cohen, German philosopher (b. 1842)
April 5 – King George Tupou II of Tonga (b. 1874)
April 18 – Otto Wagner, Austro-Hungarian architect and urban planner (b. 1841)
April 20
- Karl Ferdinand Braun, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1850)
- Paul Gautsch von Frankenthurn, Austrian statesman, former Prime Minister (b. 1851)
April 21
- Friedrich II, Duke of Anhalt (b. 1856)
- Manfred von Richthofen, German fighter pilot, top-scoring ace of World War I (killed in action) (b. 1892)
April 27 – Jacques Duchesne, French general (b. 1837)
April 28 – Gavrilo Princip, Yugoslav assassin (b. 1894)

May

[[File:Blandine Merten.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Maria Magdalena Merten]]

May 2 – Jüri Vilms, Estonian politician (b. 1889)
May 14 – James Gordon Bennett, Jr., American newspaper publisher (b. 1841)
May 17 – William Drew Robeson, American minister, father of singer and actor Paul Robeson (b. 1844)
May 18 – Maria Magdalena Merten, German Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1883)
May 19 – Raoul Lufbery, Franco-American fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1885)
May 23 – Mariano Ponce, Filipino diplomat, politician and writer (b. 1863)
May 24 – József Kiss, Austro-Hungarian fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1896)
May 30 – Georgi Plekhanov, Russian revolutionary and philosopher (b. 1856)

June

[[File:Patriarch Kyrion II of Georgia.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Kyrion II of Georgia]]

June 1 – Roderic Dallas, Australian fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1891)
June 3 – Count Richard von Bienerth-Schmerling, Austrian noble and statesman, former Prime Minister (b. 1863)
June 4 – Charles W. Fairbanks, 26th Vice President of the United States (b. 1852)
June 10 – Arrigo Boito, Italian poet and composer (b. 1842)
June 13 – Grand Duke Michael Romanov (assassinated) (b. 1878)
June 19 – Francesco Baracca, Italian fighter pilot (air crash) (b. 1888)
June 25 – Jake Beckley, American baseball player and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1867)
June 26 – Kyrion II of Georgia, Georgian Orthodox religious leader and saint (b. 1855)
June 27 – Joséphin Péladan, French occultist (b. 1858)

July

July 3 – Sultan Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1844)
July 9 – James McCudden, British fighter pilot (air crash) (b. 1895)
July 14 – Quentin Roosevelt, youngest son of President Theodore Roosevelt, killed in action as fighter pilot (b. 1897)
July 17 – Executed members of the Romanov family:
- Former Emperor Nicholas II of Russia (b. 1868)
- Former Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia (b. 1872)
- Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1895)
- Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1897)
- Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1899)
- Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1901)
- Former Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia (b. 1904)
July 18
July 20 – Francis Lupo, American soldier (b. 1895)
July 22
- Indra Lal Roy, Indian fighter pilot (b. 1898)
- Manuel González Prada, Peruvian politician and author (b. 1844)
July 26
- Henry Macintosh, British Olympic athlete (killed in action) (b. 1892)
- Edward Mannock, British fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1887)
July 29 – Ernest William Christmas, Australian painter (b. 1863)
July 30
- Joyce Kilmer, American journalist and poet (killed in action) (b. 1886)
- Frank Linke-Crawford, Austro-Hungarian fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1893)
July 31 – George McElroy, British fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1893)

August

[[File:Mother Marianne Cope in her youth.jpg|thumb|110px|right|Marianne Cope]]

August 1
- John Riley Banister, American policeman and cowboy (b. 1854)
- Gabriel Guérin, French World War I fighter ace (air crash) (b. 1892)
August 6 – Peter Strasser, German naval officer and airship commander (killed in action) (b. 1876)
August 9 – Marianne Cope, German-born American Roman Catholic nun and saint (b. 1838)
August 10
- Jean Brillant, Canadian soldier (b. 1890)
- Erich Löwenhardt, German World War I fighter ace (b. 1897)
- Aleksander Uurits, Estonian painter and graphic artist (b. 1888)
August 12 – Anna Held, French actress (b. 1873)
August 18 – Henry Norwest, Canadian sniper (b. 1884)
August 24 – Louis Bennett Jr., American World War I flying ace (killed in action) (b. 1894)
August 30 – William Duncan, British missionary in Canada and United States (b. 1832)

September

September 5 – Nikolay Maklakov, Russian politician, former minister of the Interior (b. 1871)
September 6 – Elizabeth Yates (mayor), New Zealand politician (b. 1845)
September 8 – Francis Mary of the Cross Jordan, German Roman Catholic priest and venerable (b. 1848)
September 12 – George Reid, Australian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1845)
September 13 – Eduard, Duke of Anhalt (b. 1861)
September 16 – Maurice Boyau, French World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1888)
September 20 – Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland (b. 1889)
September 25 – Mikhail Alekseyev, Russian general (b. 1857)
September 27 – Fritz Rumey, German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1891)
September 28
- True Boardman, American actor (b. 1882)
- Georg Simmel, German sociologist and philosopher (b. 1858)
- Freddie Stowers, American soldier (b. 1896)
September 29 – Frank Luke, American fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1897)

October

October 5
- Roland Garros, French fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1888)
- Robbie Ross, British writer (b. 1869)
October 9 – Raymond Duchamp-Villon, French sculptor (b. 1876)
October 11 – Wallace Lloyd Algie, Canadian soldier (b. 1891)
October 14 – Nikolai Skrydlov, Russian admiral (executed) (b. 1844)
October 15 – Sai Baba of Shirdi, Indian guru and yogi (b. 1838)
October 16 – Felix Arndt, American pianist and composer (b. 1889)
October 18
- Radko Dimitriev, Bulgarian and Russian general (executed) (b. 1859)
- Daudo Okelo and Jildo Irwa, Uganda Roman Catholic maryrs and saints (b. Uganda nationality)
October 19
- Harold Lockwood, American actor (b. 1887)
- Prince Umberto, Count of Salemi (b. 1889)
October 22 – Myrtle Gonzalez, American actress (b. 1891)
October 24
- César Ritz, Swiss hotelier (b. 1850)
- Daniel Burley Woolfall, English administrator, 2nd President of FIFA (b. 1852)
October 28 – Michel Coiffard, French World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1892)
October 29 – Rudolf Tobias, Estonian composer (b. 1873)
October 31
- Egon Schiele, Austrian artist (b. 1890)
- István Tisza, 2-time Prime Minister of Hungary (assassinated) (b. 1861)

November

[[File:Wilfred Owen plate from Poems (1920).jpg|thumb|120px|Wilfred Owen]]

November 2 – Hugh Cairns, Canadian soldier (b. 1896)
November 4
- Wilfred Owen, British poet and soldier (killed in action) (b. 1893)
- Andrew Dickson White, American academic, diplomat, and co-founder of Cornell University (b. 1832)
November 5
- Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers, British occultist (b. 1854)
- William Shea, British actor (b. 1856)
November 6 – Alan Arnett McLeod, Canadian soldier (b. 1899)
November 9
- Guillaume Apollinaire, French poet (b. 1880)
- Albert Ballin, German-Jewish shipping magnate (b. 1857)
- Peter Lumsden, British general in Indian army (b. 1829)
November 11 – George Lawrence Price, Last Commonwealth soldier to die in WWI (b. 1892)
November 19 – Joseph Fielding Smith, American Mormon leader (b. 1838)
November 22 – Rose Cleveland, de facto First Lady of the United States (b. 1846)
November 23 – Fritz von Below, German general (b. 1853)
November 30 – Karl Petrovich Jessen, Russian admiral (b. 1852)

December

December 2 – Edmond Rostand, French writer (b. 1868)
December 4 – Princess Teriivaetua (b. 1869)
December 5 – Schalk Willem Burger, Boer military leader, lawyer, politician, and statesman, acting President of the South African Republic (1900-1902) (b. 1852)
December 11 – Ivan Cankar, Slovenian writer (b. 1876)
December 14 – Sidónio Pais, Portuguese politician, general and diplomat, 66th Prime Minister of Portugal and 4th President of Portugal (b. 1872)
December 20 – Sultan Ali bin Hamud of Zanzibar (b. 1884)
December 21 – Prince Konrad of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, Austrian statesman, former Prime Minister (b. 1863)
December 28 – Olavo Bilac, Brazilian poet (b. 1865)

Nobel Prizes

right|100px

Physics – Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck
Chemistry – Fritz Haber
Medicine – not awarded
Literature – not awarded
Peace – not awarded

References

Template:Reflist

Primary sources and year books

New International Year Book 1918 (1919), Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 904 pp
Template:Cite book

Template:DEFAULTSORT:1918

Art and culture

Literature

Twenty-Five Poems by Tzara
Calligrammes by Guillaume Apollinaire
"What is Dadaism and what does it want in Germany?"

Visual arts

First version of L.H.O.O.Q.
Red and Blue Chair (1918) - Gerrit Rietveld
Suprematist Composition: White on White[1] (1918) by Malevich.

Births

André Bazin (1918 - 1958)
Robert Aldrich (1918 - 1983)
Richard Hoggart (1918 - 2004)
Louis Althusser (1918 - 1990)
Ingmar Bergman (1918 – 2007)
James Kirkup (1918 – 2009) , a prolific English poet, translator and travel writer

Deaths

Georg Simmel (1858 – 1918)
Egon Schiele (1890 - 1918)
Gustav Klimt (1862 - 1918)
Guillaume Apollinaire (1880 - 1918)
Claude Debussy (1862 - 1918)

Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "1918" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

Retrieved from "http://artandpopularculture.com/1918"

Category: 1918

 * [[August 30]] - In response to the [[October Revolution]] in Russia, [[Vladimir Lenin]] is shot and wounded by [[Fanny Kaplan]] in Moscow, but survives.
 * [[November 11]] - End of [[World War I|WWI]] and [[Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)]]: Germany signs an [[armistice]] agreement with the Allies between 5:12 AM and 5:20 AM in Marshal [[Ferdinand Foch|Foch]]'s railroad car in [[Compiègne Forest]] in France. It becomes official on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month.
-** Poland regains independence after 123 years of [[Partitions of Poland|partitions]]. [[Józef Piłsudski]] is appointed [[Commander-in-Chief]].
-** Emperor [[Charles I of Austria]] gives up his absolute power but does not abdicate.
-* [[November 12]] &ndash; [[Republic of German-Austria|Austria]] becomes a [[republic]].
-* [[November 13]]
-** Allied [[Occupation of Constantinople]].
-** [[Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden]], relinquishes all governing duties.
-* [[November 14]]
-** [[German East Africa]]n troops are informed of the armistice on 11 November.
-** The provisional government of Baden proclaims the ''Freie Volksrepublik Baden'' ("Free Peoples' [[Republic of Baden]]").
-** [[Czechoslovakia]] becomes a [[republic]].
-** [[Józef Piłsudski]] is appointed [[head of state]] of [[Poland]].
-* [[November 16]] &ndash; The [[Hungarian Democratic Republic]] is declared, marking [[Hungary]]'s independence from [[Austria]].
-* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic|Latvia]] declares its independence from Russia.
-* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[U-boat]]s start to rendezvous off [[Harwich]] to begin the surrender of the [[High Seas Fleet]] to the British [[Royal Navy]]; in the following week the German warships are escorted to internment in [[Scapa Flow]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Massie|first=Robert K.|authorlink=Robert K. Massie|title=[[Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea]]|year=2004|publisher=Ballantine Books|location=New York|isbn=0-345-40878-0}}</ref>
-* [[November 21]] &ndash; Start of 3-day [[Lwów pogrom (1918)|Lwów pogrom]]: [[Second Polish Republic|Polish]] troops, volunteers and freed criminals massacre at least 320 Ukrainian Christians and [[History of the Jews in Poland|Jews]] in [[Lviv|Lwów]] in [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]].
-* [[November 22]]
-** The [[Spartacist League]] founds the German Communist Party.
-** The [[Monarchy of Belgium|Belgian royal family]] returns to [[Brussels]] after the war, King [[Albert I of Belgium|Albert I]] having commanded the [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] [[Army group]] in the autumn [[Kortrijk|Courtrai]] offensive which liberated his country.
-** [[Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden]], abdicates; the [[Grand Duchy of Baden]] gives way to the [[Republic of Baden]].
-* [[November 23]] &ndash; British military government of [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] begins.<ref>{{cite book|last=Biger|first=Gideon|title=The Boundaries of Modern Palestine, 1840–1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jC9MbKNh8GUC|accessdate=2009-05-02|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-7146-5654-0|pages=55, 164}}</ref>
-* [[November 25]] &ndash; General [[Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck]], German commander in [[German East Africa]], signs a ceasefire at [[Mbala, Zambia|Abercorn]] in [[Northern Rhodesia]].
-* [[November 26]] &ndash; The [[Podgorica]] Assembly votes for a "union of the people", declaring its union with the Kingdom of [[Serbia]].
-* [[November 28]] &ndash; [[Estonian War of Independence]]: The [[Red Army]] invades [[Estonia]], starting the war. The [[Commune of the Working People of Estonia]] is established as a Soviet puppet state in [[Narva]] on the next day.
-* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbia]] annexes [[Montenegro]].
-* [[November 30]] &ndash; [[Ernest Ansermet]] conducts the first concert by the ''[[Orchestre de la Suisse Romande]]''.
-=== December ===
-* [[December 1]]
-** [[Iceland]] regains independence, but remains in personal union with the [[King of Denmark]], who also becomes the King of Iceland until [[1944]].
-** New voting laws in [[Sweden]] makes votes no longer dependent on taxable assets, each adult having one vote.
-** The [[Union of Transylvania with Romania|Union of Alba Iulia]] is proclaimed: Following the [[March 27]] incorporation of [[Bessarabia]] and [[Bucovina]], [[Transylvania]] unites with the [[Kingdom of Romania]].
-** The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (which later becomes the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]) is proclaimed.
-[[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.svg|thumbnail|right|Flag of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats an Slovenes]]
-* [[December 4]] &ndash; President [[Woodrow Wilson]] departs by ship to the [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference]], becoming the first United States President to travel to Europe while holding office.
-* [[December 5]] &ndash; [[Estonian War of Independence]]: The British [[light cruiser]] {{HMS|Cassandra|1916|6}} strikes a [[naval mine|mine]] and sinks near [[Saaremaa]] in the [[Baltic Sea]], killing eleven sailors.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/23/british-warships-cassandra-myrtle-gentian-estonia|first=Martin|last=Wainwright|authorlink=Martin Wainwright|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|title=British warships sunk 90 years ago found off Estonian coast|date=23 August 2010|accessdate=2010-08-24}}</ref>
-* [[December 14]] &ndash; [[Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse]] renounces the Finnish throne.
-* December 14 - Portuguese President [[Sidónio Pais]] is assassinated.
-* [[December 16]] &ndash; [[Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas]] declares formation of the [[Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–19)|Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic]], a [[puppet state]] created by the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]] to justify the [[Lithuanian–Soviet War]].
-* [[December 17]] &ndash; [[Darwin Rebellion]] in Australia: Disaffected workers march on [[Government House, Darwin]] demanding the resignation of the [[Administrator of the Northern Territory]], [[John A. Gilruth]].
-* [[December 20]] &ndash; [[Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk]] returns to the Czechoslovak Republic.
-* [[December 21]] &ndash; [[Estonian War of Independence]]: The [[Red Army]] captures [[Tartu]] in [[Estonia]].
-* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[Greater Poland Uprising (1918–19)]] begins: Poles in [[Greater Poland]] (the former [[Grand Duchy of Posen]]) rise up against the Germans, ignited by a patriotic speech made in [[Poznań]] by pianist and politician [[Ignacy Jan Paderewski]].
-* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Sinn Féin]] have a landslide victory in Irish seats in the [[Irish general election, 1918|Irish general election]] (part of the [[United Kingdom general election, 1918]]), following the counting of votes, winning 73 of the 105 seats in Ireland. In accordance with their [[Sinn Féin Manifesto 1918|manifesto]], Sinn Féin members will not take their seats in the [[Palace of Westminster]] but will form the [[First Dáil]] in [[Dublin]]. Countess [[Constance Markievicz]], while detained in [[Holloway Prison]] (London), becomes the first woman elected to (but does not take her seat in) the British [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]].<ref>{{cite book|page=137|last=Ward|first=Margaret|title=Unmanageable Revolutionaries: Women and Irish nationalism|publisher=Pluto Press|location=London|year=1983|isbn=0-86104-700-1}}</ref>
-* [[December 31]] &ndash; A British-brokered ceasefire ends the two weeks of fighting in the [[Georgian–Armenian War]].
-=== Date unknown ===
-* The [[Native American Church]] is formally founded in [[Oklahoma]].
-* The [[Association Against the Prohibition Amendment]] is founded to promote [[repeal of Prohibition]] in the United States.
-* [[United Business Media]] is founded in London as United Newspapers Ltd.
-* Around 1000 [[pilot whale]]s [[Cetacean stranding|strand]] in the [[Chatham Islands]].
 == Births ==
+* [[January 20]] - [[Juan García Esquivel]], Mexican bandleader (d. [[2002]])
-=== January ===
-[[File:Figueiredo (colour).jpg|thumb|100px|[[João Figueiredo]]]]
-[[File:Nasser portrait2.jpg|100px|thumb|[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]]]
-[[File:Nicolae Ceaușescu.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]]]
-* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[Patrick Anthony Porteous]], Scottish recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]] (d. [[2000]])
-* [[January 9]] &ndash; [[Alma Ziegler]], American female professional baseball player (d. [[2005]])
-* [[January 10]] &ndash; [[Arthur Chung]], 1st [[President of Guyana]] (d. [[2008]])
-* [[January 11]] &ndash; [[Kassim Al-Rimawi]], Prime Minister of Jordan (d. [[1982]])
-* [[January 15]]
-** [[João Figueiredo]], former President of Brazil (d. [[1999]])
-** [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]], 2nd President of Egypt (d. [[1970]])
-** [[Ira B. Harkey Jr.]], American newspaper editor (d. [[2006]])
-* [[January 16]]
-** [[Nel Benschop]], Dutch poet (d. [[2005]])
-** [[Allan Ekelund]], Swedish film producer (d. [[2009]])
-** [[Stirling Silliphant]], American writer and producer (d. [[1996]])
-* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[George M. Leader]], American politician (d. [[2013]])
-* [[January 19]]
-** [[Peter Hobbs (actor)|Peter Hobbs]], American actor (d. [[2011]])
-** [[John H. Johnson]], American publisher (d. [[2005]])
-* [[January 20]]
-** [[Juan García Esquivel]], Mexican bandleader (d. [[2002]])
 ** [[Nevin S. Scrimshaw]], American clinical (d. [[2013]])
 * [[January 21]]

1918

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

Revision as of 15:51, 19 December 2017

Contents

Events

Births

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Date Unknown

Deaths

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Nobel Prizes

References

Primary sources and year books

Art and culture

Literature

Visual arts

Births

Deaths

Views

Personal tools

Search

Metas

Navigation