1918  

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

Revision as of 15:58, 19 December 2017

"Salut monde" by Guillaume Apollinaire

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1918 (MCMXVIII) was the 918th year of the 2nd millennium, the 18th year of the 20th century, and the 9th year of the 1910s decade.

Events

• February 6 – Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom: Representation of the People Act gives most women over 30 the vote.
• March 26 – Dr. Marie Stopes publishes her influential book Married Love in the U.K.
• July 17 – Execution of the Romanov family: By order of the Bolshevik Party and carried out by the Cheka, former emperor Nicholas II, his wife Alexandra Feodorovna, their children, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei, and retainers are shot at the Ipatiev House in Ekaterinburg, Russia.
• August 30 - In response to the October Revolution in Russia, Vladimir Lenin is shot and wounded by Fanny Kaplan in Moscow, but survives.
• November 11 - End of WWI and Armistice with Germany (Compiègne): Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies between 5:12 AM and 5:20 AM in Marshal Foch's railroad car in Compiègne Forest in France. It becomes official on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month.

Births

• January 20 - Juan García Esquivel, Mexican bandleader (d. 2002)
• January 26 - Philip José Farmer, American writer (d. 2009)
• February 2 – Hella Haasse, Dutch writer (d. 2011)
• February 15 – Allan Arbus, American actor (M*A*S*H) (d. 2013)
• February 16 – Patty Andrews, American singer (The Andrews Sisters) (d. 2013)
• February 26 - Theodore Sturgeon, American writer (d. 1985)
• March 9 - Mickey Spillane, American writer (d. 2006)
• March 12 – Elaine de Kooning, American artist (d. 1989)
• April 16 – Spike Milligan, Irish comedian (d. 2002)
• April 18 - Gabriel Axel, Danish film director (d. 2014)
• July 14 - Ingmar Bergman, Swedish film director (d. 2007)
• August 25 – Leonard Bernstein, American composer and conductor (d. 1990)
• October 16 – Louis Althusser, French philosopher (d. 1990)
• October 17 – Rita Hayworth, American actress (d. 1987)

• • Konstantinos Mitsotakis, former Greek Prime Minister (d. 2017)
  • Bobby Troup, American singer-songwriter and actor (Emergency!) (d. 1999)
• October 19 – Robert S. Strauss, Democratic National Committee Chairman (d. 2014)
• October 23 – Augusta Dabney, American actress (d. 2008)
• October 25 – Milton Selzer, American actor (d. 2006)
• October 26 – Marc Hodler, Swiss lawyer (d. 2006)
• October 27
  • Mihkel Mathiesen, Estonian statesman (d. 2003)
  • Teresa Wright, American actress (d. 2005)
• October 29 – Diana Serra Cary, American actress
• October 31 – Ian Stevenson, American parapsychologist (d. 2007)

November

[[File:Billy Graham bw photo, April 11, 1966.jpg|thumb|100px|Billy Graham]] [[File:Spiro Agnew.jpg|thumb|100px|Spiro Agnew]] [[File:Presidente Patricio Aylwin cropped.jpg|thumb|100px|Patricio Aylwin]]

• November 2 – Raimon Panikkar, Spanish theologian (d. 2010)
• November 3
  • Bob Feller, American baseball player (d. 2010)
  • Elizabeth P. Hoisington, American Brigadier General (d. 2007)
  • Russell B. Long, U.S. Senator from Louisiana (d. 2003)
  • Dean Riesner, American film and television screenwriter (d. 2002)
• November 4
  • Art Carney, American actor, better known for his role in The Honeymooners (d. 2003)
  • Cameron Mitchell, American actor, better known for his role in The High Chaparral (d. 1994)
• November 7
  • Paul Aussaresses, French general (d. 2013)
  • Billy Graham, American evangelist, spiritual adviser to several U.S. Presidents
  • Fred Cusick, American ice hockey broadcaster (d. 2009)
• November 8
  • Hermann Zapf, German typeface designer (d. 2015)
  • Bob Schiller, American screenwriter (d. 2017)
• November 9
  • Spiro Agnew, 39th Vice President of the United States (d. 1996)
  • Choi Hong Hi, South Korean general and martial artist (d. 2002)
  • Thomas Ferebee, American colonel (d. 2000)
• November 10
  • Ernst Otto Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2007)
  • John Henry Moss, American baseball executive and politician (d. 2009)
• November 14 – John Bromwich, Australian tennis player (d. 1999)
• November 21 – Dorothy Maguire Chapman, American professional baseball player (d. 1981)
• November 26 – Patricio Aylwin, 32nd President of Chile (d. 2016)
• November 28 – Jack H. Harris, American film producer, distributor and actor (d. 2017)
• November 29 – Madeleine L'Engle, American author (d. 2007)
• November 30 – Efrem Zimbalist, Jr., American actor (The FBI) (d. 2014)

December

[[File:Verteidigungsminister Helmut Schmidt.jpg|thumb|100px|Helmut Schmidt]] [[File:Anwar Sadat cropped.jpg|thumb|100px|Anwar Sadat]]

• December 3 – Abdul Haris Nasution, Indonesian general (d. 2000)
• December 7 – Jórunn Viðar, Icelandic pianist and composer (d. 2017)
• December 8 – Gérard Souzay, French baritone (d. 2004)
• December 11 – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)
• December 12 – Joe Williams, American jazz singer (d. 1999)
• December 14 – B. K. S. Iyengar, Indian yoga teacher (d. 2014)
• December 15 – Jeff Chandler, American actor (d. 1961)
• December 17 – Dusty Anderson, American actress and model
• December 20 – Joseph Payne Brennan, American poet and author (d. 1990)
• December 21
  • Donald Regan, American Treasury Secretary and White House Chief of Staff (d. 2003)
  • Kurt Waldheim, President of Austria and Secretary-General of the United Nations (d. 2007)
• December 23
  • José Greco, Italian-born flamenco dancer (d. 2001)
  • Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor of Germany (d. 2015)
• December 25
  • Bertie Mee, English football player and manager (d. 2001)
  • Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1981)
• December 31 – Al Lakeman, American catcher in Major League Baseball (d. 1976)

Date Unknown

• Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad, 5th President of Bangladesh (d. 1996)
• Lou Dorfsman, American graphic designer (d. 2008)
• Louis Wienholt, Australian public servant (d. 1973)

Deaths

January

[[File:Georg Cantor2.jpg|thumb|110px|Georg Cantor]] [[File:Dolores sopeña pensativa.jpg|thumb|110px|María Dolores Rodríguez Sopeña]]

• January 6 – Georg Cantor, German mathematician (b. 1845)
• January 8
  • Johannes Pääsuke, Estonian photographer and filmmaker (b. 1892)
  • Ellis H. Roberts, American politician (b. 1827)
• January 9
  • Max Ritter von Müller, German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1887)
  • Émile Reynaud, French inventor (b. 1844)
• January 10 – María Dolores Rodríguez Sopeña, Spanish Roman Catholic religious sister and blessed (b. 1848)
• January 26 – Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich of Russia (b. 1850)
• January 28 – John McCrae, Canadian soldier, surgeon and poet (b. 1872)

February

[[File:Klimt.jpg|thumb|120px|Gustav Klimt]] [[File:Sultan Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire.jpg|thumb|120px|Sultan Abdul Hamid II]]

• February 2 – John L. Sullivan, American boxer, World Heavyweight Champion (b. 1858)
• February 5 – Leonard Monteagle Barlow, British fighter pilot (accident) (b. 1898)
• February 6 – Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter (b. 1862)
• February 8 – Louis Renault, French jurist, educator and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1843)
• February 10
  • Sultan Abdul Hamid II of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1842)
  • Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian pacifist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1833)
• February 11 – Alexey Kaledin, Russian general (suicide) (b. 1861)
• February 15 – Vernon Castle, American dancer (b. 1887)
• February 16 – Károly Khuen-Héderváry, 2-Time Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1849)
• February 23 – Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1882)

March

[[File:Claude Debussy ca 1908, foto av Félix Nadar.jpg|thumb|120px|Claude Debussy]] [[File:Martin Sheridan.jpg|thumb|120px|Martin Sheridan]]

• March 2 – Prince Mirko of Montenegro (b. 1879)
• March 9 – Frank Wedekind, German playwright (b. 1864)
• March 10
  • Hans-Joachim Buddecke, German flying ace (killed in action) (b. 1890)
  • Jim McCormick, Scottish-born American baseball player (b. 1856)
• March 13 – César Cui, Lithuanian composer (b. 1835)
• March 14
  • Lucretia Garfield, First Lady of the United States (b. 1832)
  • Gennaro Rubino, Italian anarchist who unsuccessfully tried to assassinate King Leopold II of Belgium.
• March 15 – Adolf Ritter von Tutschek, German fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1891)
• March 23 – T. P. Cameron Wilson, English poet and novelist (b. 1888)
• March 25
  • Claude Debussy, French composer (b. 1862)
  • Walter Tull, First Black infantry officer to serve in the British Army (b. 1888)
• March 27
  • Henry Adams, American historian (b. 1838)
  • Martin Sheridan, American Olympic athlete (b. 1881)

April

[[File:George Tupou II of Tonga.jpg|thumb|110px|King George Tupou II of Tonga]] [[File:Ferdinand Braun.jpg|thumb|110px|Karl Ferdinand Braun]] [[File:Manfred von Richthofen.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Manfred von Richthofen.]]

• April 1
  • Paul von Rennenkampf, Russian general (executed) (b. 1854)
  • Isaac Rosenberg, British war poet (killed in action) (b. 1890)
• April 4 – Hermann Cohen, German philosopher (b. 1842)
• April 5 – King George Tupou II of Tonga (b. 1874)
• April 18 – Otto Wagner, Austro-Hungarian architect and urban planner (b. 1841)
• April 20
  • Karl Ferdinand Braun, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1850)
  • Paul Gautsch von Frankenthurn, Austrian statesman, former Prime Minister (b. 1851)
• April 21
  • Friedrich II, Duke of Anhalt (b. 1856)
  • Manfred von Richthofen, German fighter pilot, top-scoring ace of World War I (killed in action) (b. 1892)
• April 27 – Jacques Duchesne, French general (b. 1837)
• April 28 – Gavrilo Princip, Yugoslav assassin (b. 1894)

May

[[File:Blandine Merten.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Maria Magdalena Merten]]

• May 2 – Jüri Vilms, Estonian politician (b. 1889)
• May 14 – James Gordon Bennett, Jr., American newspaper publisher (b. 1841)
• May 17 – William Drew Robeson, American minister, father of singer and actor Paul Robeson (b. 1844)
• May 18 – Maria Magdalena Merten, German Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1883)
• May 19 – Raoul Lufbery, Franco-American fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1885)
• May 23 – Mariano Ponce, Filipino diplomat, politician and writer (b. 1863)
• May 24 – József Kiss, Austro-Hungarian fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1896)
• May 30 – Georgi Plekhanov, Russian revolutionary and philosopher (b. 1856)

June

[[File:Patriarch Kyrion II of Georgia.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Kyrion II of Georgia]]

• June 1 – Roderic Dallas, Australian fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1891)
• June 3 – Count Richard von Bienerth-Schmerling, Austrian noble and statesman, former Prime Minister (b. 1863)
• June 4 – Charles W. Fairbanks, 26th Vice President of the United States (b. 1852)
• June 10 – Arrigo Boito, Italian poet and composer (b. 1842)
• June 13 – Grand Duke Michael Romanov (assassinated) (b. 1878)
• June 19 – Francesco Baracca, Italian fighter pilot (air crash) (b. 1888)
• June 25 – Jake Beckley, American baseball player and MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1867)
• June 26 – Kyrion II of Georgia, Georgian Orthodox religious leader and saint (b. 1855)
• June 27 – Joséphin Péladan, French occultist (b. 1858)

July

[[File:Sultan_Mehmed_V_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_cropped.jpg|thumb|110px|Sultan Mehmed V]] [[File:Quentin Roosevelt in Uniform 1917.jpg|thumb|110px|Quentin Roosevelt]] [[File:Face Nicholas II.jpg|thumb|110px|Emperor Nicholas II of Russia]] [[File:Henry Macintosh 1913.jpg|thumb|110px|Henry Macintosh]]

• July 3 – Sultan Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1844)
• July 9 – James McCudden, British fighter pilot (air crash) (b. 1895)
• July 14 – Quentin Roosevelt, youngest son of President Theodore Roosevelt, killed in action as fighter pilot (b. 1897)
• July 17 – Executed members of the Romanov family:
  • Former Emperor Nicholas II of Russia (b. 1868)
  • Former Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia (b. 1872)
  • Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1895)
  • Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1897)
  • Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1899)
  • Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1901)
  • Former Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia (b. 1904)
• July 18
  • Prince Constantine Constantinovich of Russia (b. 1891)
  • Prince Igor Constantinovich of Russia (b. 1894)
  • Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich of Russia (b. 1869)
• July 20 – Francis Lupo, American soldier (b. 1895)
• July 22
  • Indra Lal Roy, Indian fighter pilot (b. 1898)
  • Manuel González Prada, Peruvian politician and author (b. 1844)
• July 26
  • Henry Macintosh, British Olympic athlete (killed in action) (b. 1892)
  • Edward Mannock, British fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1887)
• July 29 – Ernest William Christmas, Australian painter (b. 1863)
• July 30
  • Joyce Kilmer, American journalist and poet (killed in action) (b. 1886)
  • Frank Linke-Crawford, Austro-Hungarian fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1893)
• July 31 – George McElroy, British fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1893)

August

[[File:Mother Marianne Cope in her youth.jpg|thumb|110px|right|Marianne Cope]]

• August 1
  • John Riley Banister, American policeman and cowboy (b. 1854)
  • Gabriel Guérin, French World War I fighter ace (air crash) (b. 1892)
• August 6 – Peter Strasser, German naval officer and airship commander (killed in action) (b. 1876)
• August 9 – Marianne Cope, German-born American Roman Catholic nun and saint (b. 1838)
• August 10
  • Jean Brillant, Canadian soldier (b. 1890)
  • Erich Löwenhardt, German World War I fighter ace (b. 1897)
  • Aleksander Uurits, Estonian painter and graphic artist (b. 1888)
• August 12 – Anna Held, French actress (b. 1873)
• August 18 – Henry Norwest, Canadian sniper (b. 1884)
• August 24 – Louis Bennett Jr., American World War I flying ace (killed in action) (b. 1894)
• August 30 – William Duncan, British missionary in Canada and United States (b. 1832)

September

[[File:George Reid cph.3c31684.jpg|thumb|100px|right|George Reid]] [[File:EduardDukeAnhalt.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Eduard, Duke of Anhalt]] [[File:Eriksweden18894qr.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Prince Erik, Duke of Vastmanland]]

• September 5 – Nikolay Maklakov, Russian politician, former minister of the Interior (b. 1871)
• September 6 – Elizabeth Yates (mayor), New Zealand politician (b. 1845)
• September 8 – Francis Mary of the Cross Jordan, German Roman Catholic priest and venerable (b. 1848)
• September 12 – George Reid, Australian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1845)
• September 13 – Eduard, Duke of Anhalt (b. 1861)
• September 16 – Maurice Boyau, French World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1888)
• September 20 – Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland (b. 1889)
• September 25 – Mikhail Alekseyev, Russian general (b. 1857)
• September 27 – Fritz Rumey, German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1891)
• September 28
  • True Boardman, American actor (b. 1882)
  • Georg Simmel, German sociologist and philosopher (b. 1858)
  • Freddie Stowers, American soldier (b. 1896)
• September 29 – Frank Luke, American fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1897)

October

• October 5
  • Roland Garros, French fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1888)
  • Robbie Ross, British writer (b. 1869)
• October 9 – Raymond Duchamp-Villon, French sculptor (b. 1876)
• October 11 – Wallace Lloyd Algie, Canadian soldier (b. 1891)
• October 14 – Nikolai Skrydlov, Russian admiral (executed) (b. 1844)
• October 15 – Sai Baba of Shirdi, Indian guru and yogi (b. 1838)
• October 16 – Felix Arndt, American pianist and composer (b. 1889)
• October 18
  • Radko Dimitriev, Bulgarian and Russian general (executed) (b. 1859)
  • Daudo Okelo and Jildo Irwa, Uganda Roman Catholic maryrs and saints (b. Uganda nationality)
• October 19
  • Harold Lockwood, American actor (b. 1887)
  • Prince Umberto, Count of Salemi (b. 1889)
• October 22 – Myrtle Gonzalez, American actress (b. 1891)
• October 24
  • César Ritz, Swiss hotelier (b. 1850)
  • Daniel Burley Woolfall, English administrator, 2nd President of FIFA (b. 1852)
• October 28 – Michel Coiffard, French World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. 1892)
• October 29 – Rudolf Tobias, Estonian composer (b. 1873)
• October 31
  • Egon Schiele, Austrian artist (b. 1890)
  • István Tisza, 2-time Prime Minister of Hungary (assassinated) (b. 1861)

November

[[File:Wilfred Owen plate from Poems (1920).jpg|thumb|120px|Wilfred Owen]]

• November 2 – Hugh Cairns, Canadian soldier (b. 1896)
• November 4
  • Wilfred Owen, British poet and soldier (killed in action) (b. 1893)
  • Andrew Dickson White, American academic, diplomat, and co-founder of Cornell University (b. 1832)
• November 5
  • Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers, British occultist (b. 1854)
  • William Shea, British actor (b. 1856)
• November 6 – Alan Arnett McLeod, Canadian soldier (b. 1899)
• November 9
  • Guillaume Apollinaire, French poet (b. 1880)
  • Albert Ballin, German-Jewish shipping magnate (b. 1857)
  • Peter Lumsden, British general in Indian army (b. 1829)
• November 11 – George Lawrence Price, Last Commonwealth soldier to die in WWI (b. 1892)
• November 19 – Joseph Fielding Smith, American Mormon leader (b. 1838)
• November 22 – Rose Cleveland, de facto First Lady of the United States (b. 1846)
• November 23 – Fritz von Below, German general (b. 1853)
• November 30 – Karl Petrovich Jessen, Russian admiral (b. 1852)

December

[[File:Sidónio Pais.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Sidónio Pais]] [[File:Zanz-Ali II.jpg|thumb|120px|right|Sultan Ali bin Hamud of Zanzibar]]

• December 2 – Edmond Rostand, French writer (b. 1868)
• December 4 – Princess Teriivaetua (b. 1869)
• December 5 – Schalk Willem Burger, Boer military leader, lawyer, politician, and statesman, acting President of the South African Republic (1900-1902) (b. 1852)
• December 11 – Ivan Cankar, Slovenian writer (b. 1876)
• December 14 – Sidónio Pais, Portuguese politician, general and diplomat, 66th Prime Minister of Portugal and 4th President of Portugal (b. 1872)
• December 20 – Sultan Ali bin Hamud of Zanzibar (b. 1884)
• December 21 – Prince Konrad of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, Austrian statesman, former Prime Minister (b. 1863)
• December 28 – Olavo Bilac, Brazilian poet (b. 1865)

Nobel Prizes

right|100px

• Physics – Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck
• Chemistry – Fritz Haber
• Medicine – not awarded
• Literature – not awarded
• Peace – not awarded

References

Template:Reflist

Primary sources and year books

• New International Year Book 1918 (1919), Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 904 pp
• Template:Cite book

Template:DEFAULTSORT:1918

Art and culture

• Jean Cocteau meets Raymond Radiguet
• End of World War I
• Start of Weimar Republic

Literature

• Twenty-Five Poems by Tzara
• Calligrammes by Guillaume Apollinaire
• "What is Dadaism and what does it want in Germany?"

Visual arts

• First version of L.H.O.O.Q.
• Red and Blue Chair (1918) - Gerrit Rietveld
• Suprematist Composition: White on White[1] (1918) by Malevich.

Births

• André Bazin (1918 - 1958)
• Robert Aldrich (1918 - 1983)
• Richard Hoggart (1918 - 2004)
• Louis Althusser (1918 - 1990)
• Ingmar Bergman (1918 – 2007)
• James Kirkup (1918 – 2009) , a prolific English poet, translator and travel writer

Deaths

• Georg Simmel (1858 – 1918)
• Egon Schiele (1890 - 1918)
• Gustav Klimt (1862 - 1918)
• Guillaume Apollinaire (1880 - 1918)
• Claude Debussy (1862 - 1918)