1940s  

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 +{| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
 +| style="text-align: left;" |
 +"[[No poetry after Auschwitz]]" (1951) by Theodor W. Adorno
 +<hr>
 +"Though the idea that [[jazz]] is a [[modernist art]] form appeared in full force in the revivalist — swing debate, it is [[bebop]] that gets credit in the [[jazz canon]] for being the first modernist jazz, the first jazz avant-garde, the first form in which art transcends entertainment." ([[Gendron 2002]], 143).
 +|}
 +[[Image:A Child at Gunpoint of the Stroop Report.jpg |thumb|right|200px|''[[A Child at Gunpoint]]'' ([[1943]]) from the ''[[Stroop Report]]'']]
 +[[Image:D-Day.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[D-Day]]'' ([[1944]])
 +<br>
 +<small>
 +# [[June 6]], [[1944]], the [[date]] during [[World War II]] when the [[Allies]] [[invade]]d western Europe.
 +# The date of any [[major]] [[event]] [[plan]]ned for the [[future]].
 +</small>]]
{{Template}} {{Template}}
-==Subcultures==+{|class="toc hlist" id="toc" summary="Contents" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; text-align:center;"
-[[Avant-garde]] artists like [[Max Ernst]], [[Marcel Duchamp]] and [[Marc Chagall]] fled Europe following the outbreak of World War II. These artists arrived in the United States, where a subculture of surrealism and avant-garde experimentation developed in [[New York City]], becoming the new centre of the art world. +|colspan="3" |
 +|-
 +! style="text-align:right; width:310px;"|<< [[1930s]]
 +! style="width:125px;"|
 +! style="text-align:left; width:310px;"|[[1950s]] >>
 +|}
 +The '''1940s''' decade ran from [[1940]] to [[1949]], primarily marked by [[World War II]].
 +==World War II and its aftermath==
 +[[World War II]] was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human [[World War II casualties|suffering]], fierce [[indoctrination]], and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|atomic bomb]].
-American fashion remained [[gangster]] orientated, with gangs gravitating around [[immigrant]] and [[racial]] cultures. In [[California]], [[hispanic]] youth developed the distinctive [[zoot suit]] fashion, such as the [[black widows]], women who dressed in black. The zoot suiters use of language involved [[rhyme|rhyming]] and [[pig latin]] (also known as [[backslang]]). This style, collectively known as ''[[African American Vernacular English|Swing]]'' or ''[[African American Vernacular English|Jive talk]]'' (see: [http://www.savoyballroom.com/exp/context/savtalk.htm Dictionary of Swing]), included [[Afro-American]], [[Cuban]], [[Mexican]] and [[South America]]n elements, as well as bits introduced by [[Slim Gaillard]] (see 'McVouty oreeney'').+The 1940s were seen as a transition period between the radical [[1930s]] and the conservative [[1950s]], which also leads the period to be divided in two halves:
-The entry of the United States into [[World War II]] was heralded by new legislation making zoot suits illegal due to the extra cloth required, resulting in the [[Zoot Suit Riots]].+The first half of the decade was dominated by [[World War II]], the widest and most destructive armed conflict in human history. So consequential was this event and its brutal aftermath that it laid the foundation for other major world events and trends for decades to follow. This war was also the first modern civilian war.
-In Europe, [[black market|black-market]]eers prospered under [[ration]]ing. Clothing styles depended on what could be begged or acquired by some means, not necessarily legal; There were restrictions everywhere. When the Americans arrived in Britain, black-marketeers, (called [[Wide boy]]s or [[Spiv]]s) made deals with [[GI]]s for [[stocking]]s, chocolate, etc. Inevitably, subculture continued to have an image of criminality and the brave, the daring, the milieu, the resistance, etc. The black market in drugs thrived just about anywhere. +The second half marked the beginning of the East-West conflict and the [[Cold War]], together with major social upheaval caused by the destruction of the war, the large number of refugees, and soldiers returning home and demanding government recognition for their sacrifice, especially in colonies of European countries, many of which gained independence.
-After the second war, the zoot suit craze spread to [[France]] in the form of the [[Zazou]] youths. Meanwhile, the intellectuals in France were forming an [[existentialist]] subculture around [[Jean Paul Sartre]] and [[Albert Camus]] in [[Paris]] [[Coffeehouse|cafe culture]].+== Culture and religion==
- +===Film===
-In post-war America, [[folk song]]s and [[cowboy]] songs (also known, in those days, as [[hillbilly]] music) were beginning to be more popular with a wider audience. A subculture of rural jazz and [[blues]] fans had mixed elements of jazz and blues into traditional cowboy and folk song styles to produce a [[crossover (music)|crossover]] called [[western swing]]. Thanks to the prevalence of [[radio]], this music spread across the United States in the 1940s. Radio was the first ''almost instantaneous'' mass media with the power to create large subcultures by spreading the ideas of small subcultures across a wide area.+
- +
-[[Bebop]], a new jazz subculture, formed from the rebellion against the melodic stylings of [[swing (music)|swing]]; Notable players included [[Dizzy Gillespie]] and [[Charlie Parker]]. In turn, bebop spawned the [[hipster]] and [[beat generation]] subculture.+
- +
-In 1947, [[Jack Kerouac]] made an epic journey across America, which he would later describe in his novel, ''[[On the Road]]''. In the same year, there was an incident involving a motorcycle gang at [[Hollister, California]], and ''[[Harper's Magazine]]'', published a story about it. In 1948, the [[Hells Angels]] formed in [[Fontana, California]]. The Hells Angels began as a motorcycle club looking for excitement in the dull times after the end of the war and became notorious as time passed. Motorcycle gangs in general began to hit the headlines. In [[1953]]), the film, ''[[The Wild One]]'', was released starring [[Marlon Brando]].+
- +
-== Mainstream culture and religion==+
* [[Frank Capra]]'s ''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]'' is released in [[1946]] * [[Frank Capra]]'s ''[[It's a Wonderful Life]]'' is released in [[1946]]
* [[Michael Curtiz]]'s ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]'' is released in [[1942]] * [[Michael Curtiz]]'s ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]'' is released in [[1942]]
Line 27: Line 41:
* [[Walt Disney]]'s ''[[Dumbo]]'' is released in [[1941]] * [[Walt Disney]]'s ''[[Dumbo]]'' is released in [[1941]]
* [[Walt Disney]]'s ''[[Bambi]]'' is released in [[1942]] * [[Walt Disney]]'s ''[[Bambi]]'' is released in [[1942]]
 +===Visual arts===
* The [[Abstract Expressionism]] movement in [[art]] emerges * The [[Abstract Expressionism]] movement in [[art]] emerges
 +===Music===
 +:''[[1940s music]]''
* [[Bebop]] emerges * [[Bebop]] emerges
* [[Rhythm and blues]] emerges * [[Rhythm and blues]] emerges
* [[Rock and roll]] emerges * [[Rock and roll]] emerges
-* [[George Orwell]] publishes [[Animal Farm]]+===Literature===
 +:''[[1940s literature]]''
 +* ''[[Animal Farm]]'' (1945) by George Orwell
* [[The Gremlins]], the first book by [[Roald Dahl]] is published in [[1943]] * [[The Gremlins]], the first book by [[Roald Dahl]] is published in [[1943]]
*[[Arthur Miller]] publishes [[Death of a Salesman]] *[[Arthur Miller]] publishes [[Death of a Salesman]]
-[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/{{PAGENAMEE}}] [May 2007]+==See also==
 +*[[1940s subcultures]]
 +{{GFDL}}

Revision as of 23:31, 18 April 2020

"No poetry after Auschwitz" (1951) by Theodor W. Adorno


"Though the idea that jazz is a modernist art form appeared in full force in the revivalist — swing debate, it is bebop that gets credit in the jazz canon for being the first modernist jazz, the first jazz avant-garde, the first form in which art transcends entertainment." (Gendron 2002, 143).

D-Day (1944)   # June 6, 1944, the date during World War II when the Allies invaded western Europe.   # The date of any major event planned for the future.
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D-Day (1944)
# June 6, 1944, the date during World War II when the Allies invaded western Europe. # The date of any major event planned for the future.

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<< 1930s 1950s >>

The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949, primarily marked by World War II.

Contents

World War II and its aftermath

World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atomic bomb.

The 1940s were seen as a transition period between the radical 1930s and the conservative 1950s, which also leads the period to be divided in two halves:

The first half of the decade was dominated by World War II, the widest and most destructive armed conflict in human history. So consequential was this event and its brutal aftermath that it laid the foundation for other major world events and trends for decades to follow. This war was also the first modern civilian war.

The second half marked the beginning of the East-West conflict and the Cold War, together with major social upheaval caused by the destruction of the war, the large number of refugees, and soldiers returning home and demanding government recognition for their sacrifice, especially in colonies of European countries, many of which gained independence.

Culture and religion

Film

Visual arts

Music

1940s music

Literature

1940s literature

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "1940s" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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