1990s  

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 +{| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
 +| style="text-align: left;" |
 +"The corporation most conspicuous in its use of [[AIDS]] in [[advertising]] is [[Benetton Group|Benetton]]. In one of the most notorious ad campaigns of the [[1980s]] and [[1990s]], it uses charged documentary images of violence, disaster, and [[controversy]] to sell [[clothing]]."--''[[Tangled Memories]]'' (1997) by Marita Sturken
 +<hr>
 +"The term ''[[Generation X]]'' or ''Gen X'', popularized by [[Douglas Coupland]]'s novel ''[[Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture]]'', was used to describe the generation that followed the [[Baby Boom Generation]], or those who came to adulthood in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In the UK, the [[Britpop]] scene arose in the 1990s, influenced by the 1960s mods, the 1970s/1980s mod revival, and other British [[rock music]] and subcultural styles. One of the main technological developments of the 1990s was the [[World Wide Web]]. Running on the older infrastructure of the [[Internet]], the web allowed small subcultures to grow into large global online communities. [[Online game]] communities, forums, [[chat rooms]] and [[Internet cafe]]s became popular. The 1990s saw the rise of the [[anti-globalization movement]]. This was a response to the increased impact of [[globalisation]] and [[global capitalism]]. The anti-globalisation protest movement was accompanied by the [[fair trade]] movement."--Sholem Stein
 +|}
{{Template}} {{Template}}
-The '''1990s''' refers to the time period between the beginning of [[1990]] and the end of [[1999]]. The 1990s were marked by rapid progression of globalization following the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]] and the end of the [[Cold War]]. Key forces shaping the decade were the [[recession]] of the late 80s, and the advent of [[personal computer|PCs]] in middle-class homes, resulting in the rise to prominence of the [[internet]]. The [[Internet]] would go on to revolutionize modern culture, and has served as a major medium for the integration and the spread of popular culture in the entire world.+{|class="toc hlist" id="toc" summary="Contents" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; text-align:center;"
 +|colspan="3" |
 +|-
 +! style="text-align:right; width:310px;"|<< [[1980s]]
 +! style="width:125px;"|
 +! style="text-align:left; width:310px;"|[[2000s (decade)|2000s]] >>
 +|}
 +The '''1990s''' was the tenth and final decade within the [[20th century]] that began on January 1, 1990, and ended on December 31, 1999. Symbolically they started with the [[fall of the Berlin Wall]] (1989) and ended with [[9/11]] (2001).
 + 
 +The decade is seen by many Western nations as a period of unprecedented peace and prosperity, though many parts of the so-called [[Third World]] faced various problems including [[genocide]], [[AIDS]] and new or continuing ethnic tensions and [[civil war]]s.
 + 
 +A combination of factors, including the mass mobilization of capital markets through [[neoliberalism]], the beginning of the widespread proliferation of [[new media]] such as the Internet, and the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] led to a realignment and reconsolidation of economic and political power across the world, and within countries.
 + 
 +New ethnic conflicts emerged in [[Africa]], the [[Caucasus]] and the [[Balkans]], and signs of any resolution of tensions in the [[Middle East]] remained elusive.
 + 
 +The 1990s saw a rise in the awareness of [[multiculturalism]], as well as the advance of [[alternative media]]. Movements such as [[grunge]], the [[rave scene]] and [[hip hop]] spread around the world to young people during that decade, aided by then-new technology such as [[cable television]] and the [[World Wide Web]].
 + 
 +The 1990s were marked by rapid progression of [[globalization]] following the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]] and the end of the [[Cold War]]. Key forces shaping the decade were the [[recession]] of the late 1980s, and the advent of [[personal computer|PCs]] in middle-class homes, resulting in the rise to prominence of the [[internet]]. The [[Internet]] would go on to revolutionize [[modern culture]], and has served as a major medium for the integration and the spread of [[popular culture]] in the entire world.
The widespread adoption of [[personal computers]] and the [[Internet]] increased economic [[Productivity (economics)|productivity]], while high levels of private investment in equity markets increased personal wealth among many Americans, Japanese, South Koreans, Australians and Europeans. The widespread adoption of [[personal computers]] and the [[Internet]] increased economic [[Productivity (economics)|productivity]], while high levels of private investment in equity markets increased personal wealth among many Americans, Japanese, South Koreans, Australians and Europeans.
 +==Culture==
 +The years [[1990]] to [[1999]] are often associated as a time of relative [[peace]] and economic prosperity between the major conflicts of the [[Cold War]] and the [[War on Terror]].
 +
 +To a significant degree, the cultural [[aesthetic]] of the [[1990s]] has continued throughout the [[2000s]].
 +
 +The internet era saw magazines such as ''[[MONDO 2000]]'' and ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]''.
 +
 +Then there was the [[Sokal affair]].
 +
 +==Music==
 +:''[[Pitchfork 200 of the 1990s]]''
 +{| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
 +| style="text-align: left;" |
 +"I'll take your brain to another dimension, pay close attention." --"[[Out of Space]]" (1992)
 +|}
 +The development of the [[techno music|techno]] sound in [[Detroit, Michigan]] and [[house music]] in [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]] in the [[1980s]], and the later [[United Kingdom|UK]]-based [[acid house]] movement of the late 1980s and early [[1990s]] fueled the development and acceptance of electronic music into the [[mainstream]] and introduced [[electronic dance music]] to nightclubs. Electronic composition can create faster and more precise [[rhythms]] than is possible using traditional [[Percussion instrument|percussion]]. The sound of electronic dance music often features electronically altered sounds ([[sampling (music)|samples]]) of traditional instruments and vocals.
 +
 +The [[rave]] movement that emerged in the late 1980s rose. Rave spawned genres such as [[Intelligent dance music]] and [[Drum and bass]]. The latter is an offshoot of jungle techno and [[Breakbeat hardcore|breakbeat]]. Popular artists included [[Moby]], [[Fatboy Slim]], [[Björk]], [[Aphex Twin]], [[Orbital (band)|Orbital]], [[the Orb]], [[the Chemical Brothers]], [[Basement Jaxx]], [[Todd Terry]], [[808 State]], [[Primal Scream]], [[the Shamen]], [[the KLF]] and [[the Prodigy]].
 +
 +==Film==
 +*''[[Paris Is Burning (film)|Paris Is Burning]]'' (1990) by Jennie Livingston
 +*''[[Twin Peaks]]'' (1990-91) by David Lynch
 +*''[[Man Bites Dog (film)|Man Bites Dog]]'' (1992) by André Bonzel, Benoît Poelvoorde
 +*''[[Tokyo Decadence]]'' (1992) by Ryu Murakami
 +*''[[Bitter Moon]]'' (1992) by Roman Polanski
 +*''[[Suture (film)|Suture]]'' (1993) by Scott McGehee, David Siegel
 +*''[[Groundhog Day (film)|Groundhog Day]]'' (1993) by Harold Ramis
 +*''[[Le Parfum d'Yvonne]]'' (1994) by Patrice Leconte
 +*''[[Safe (1995 film)|Safe]]'' (1995) by Todd Haynes
 +*''[[Denise Calls Up]]'' (1996) by Hal Salwen
 +*''[[The Cable Guy]]'' (1996) by Ben Stiller
 +*''[[Ridicule (film)|Ridicule]]'' (1996) by Patrice Leconte
 +*''[[Shall we Dansu?]]'' (1996) by Masayuki Suo
 +*''[[Funny Games (1997 film)|Funny Games]]'' (1997) by Michael Haneke
 +*''[[Cube (1997 film)|Cube]]'' (1997) by Vincenzo Natali
 +*''[[Fucking Åmål]]'' (1998) by Lukas Moodysson
 +*''[[Romance (1999 film)|Romance]]'' (1999) by Catherine Breillat
 +*''[[Sitcom (film)|Sitcom]]'' (1998) by François Ozon
 +*''[[Audition (film)|Audition]]'' (1999) by Takashi Miike
 +*''[[Romance X ]]'' (1999) by Catherine Breillat
 +*''[[eXistenZ]]'' (1999) by David Cronenberg
 +*''[[Magnolia (film)|Magnolia]]'' (1999) by P.T. Anderson
 +*''[[Whatever (1999 film) |Extension du domaine de la lutte]]'' (1999) by Philippe Harel
 +*''[[Being John Malkovich]]'' (1999) by Spike Jonze
 +*''[[American Beauty (film)|American Beauty]]'' (1999) by Sam Mendes
 +
 +==Literature==
 +*''[[Sexual Personae]]'' (1990) by Camille Paglia
 +*''[[American Psycho]]'' (1991) Bret Easton Ellis
 +*''[[Time's Arrow (novel) |Time's Arrow]]'' (1991) by Martin Amis
 +*''[[Empire of the Ants (novel)|Empire of the Ants]]'' (1991) by Bernard Werber
 +*''[[Miss Smilla's Feeling for Snow]]'' (1992) by Peter Høeg
 +*''[[Snow Crash]]'' (1992) by Neal Stephenson
 +* ''[[Touched with Fire]]'' (1993) by Kay Redfield Jamison
 +*''[[Incredibly Strange Music]]'' (1993) by V. Vale and Andrea Juno
 +*''[[Essays in Love]]'' (1993) by Alain de Botton
 +*''[[Immoral Tales: European Sex & Horror Movies 1956–1984]]'' (1994) by Cathal Tohill and Pete Tombs
 +*''[[Ocean of Sound]]'' (1995) by David Toop
 +*''[[A Brief History of Everything]]'' (1996) by Ken Wilber
 +*''[[Guns, Germs, and Steel]]'' (1997) by Jared Diamond
 +*''[[Atomised]]'' (1998) by Michel Houellebecq
 +*''[[Writing on Drugs]]'' (1999) by Sadie Plant
 +*''[[La vie sexuelle d'Emmanuel Kant]]'' (1999) by Jean-Baptiste Botul
== See also == == See also ==
 +:''[[Information Age]]''
 +*[[Young British Artists]]
*[[Contemporary art]] *[[Contemporary art]]
*[[1990s subcultures]] *[[1990s subcultures]]
 +*[[Balearic beat]]
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

Current revision

"The corporation most conspicuous in its use of AIDS in advertising is Benetton. In one of the most notorious ad campaigns of the 1980s and 1990s, it uses charged documentary images of violence, disaster, and controversy to sell clothing."--Tangled Memories (1997) by Marita Sturken

"The term Generation X or Gen X, popularized by Douglas Coupland's novel Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture, was used to describe the generation that followed the Baby Boom Generation, or those who came to adulthood in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In the UK, the Britpop scene arose in the 1990s, influenced by the 1960s mods, the 1970s/1980s mod revival, and other British rock music and subcultural styles. One of the main technological developments of the 1990s was the World Wide Web. Running on the older infrastructure of the Internet, the web allowed small subcultures to grow into large global online communities. Online game communities, forums, chat rooms and Internet cafes became popular. The 1990s saw the rise of the anti-globalization movement. This was a response to the increased impact of globalisation and global capitalism. The anti-globalisation protest movement was accompanied by the fair trade movement."--Sholem Stein

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The 1990s was the tenth and final decade within the 20th century that began on January 1, 1990, and ended on December 31, 1999. Symbolically they started with the fall of the Berlin Wall (1989) and ended with 9/11 (2001).

The decade is seen by many Western nations as a period of unprecedented peace and prosperity, though many parts of the so-called Third World faced various problems including genocide, AIDS and new or continuing ethnic tensions and civil wars.

A combination of factors, including the mass mobilization of capital markets through neoliberalism, the beginning of the widespread proliferation of new media such as the Internet, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union led to a realignment and reconsolidation of economic and political power across the world, and within countries.

New ethnic conflicts emerged in Africa, the Caucasus and the Balkans, and signs of any resolution of tensions in the Middle East remained elusive.

The 1990s saw a rise in the awareness of multiculturalism, as well as the advance of alternative media. Movements such as grunge, the rave scene and hip hop spread around the world to young people during that decade, aided by then-new technology such as cable television and the World Wide Web.

The 1990s were marked by rapid progression of globalization following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. Key forces shaping the decade were the recession of the late 1980s, and the advent of PCs in middle-class homes, resulting in the rise to prominence of the internet. The Internet would go on to revolutionize modern culture, and has served as a major medium for the integration and the spread of popular culture in the entire world.

The widespread adoption of personal computers and the Internet increased economic productivity, while high levels of private investment in equity markets increased personal wealth among many Americans, Japanese, South Koreans, Australians and Europeans.

Contents

[edit]

Culture

The years 1990 to 1999 are often associated as a time of relative peace and economic prosperity between the major conflicts of the Cold War and the War on Terror.

To a significant degree, the cultural aesthetic of the 1990s has continued throughout the 2000s.

The internet era saw magazines such as MONDO 2000 and Wired.

Then there was the Sokal affair.

[edit]

Music

Pitchfork 200 of the 1990s

"I'll take your brain to another dimension, pay close attention." --"Out of Space" (1992)

The development of the techno sound in Detroit, Michigan and house music in Chicago, Illinois in the 1980s, and the later UK-based acid house movement of the late 1980s and early 1990s fueled the development and acceptance of electronic music into the mainstream and introduced electronic dance music to nightclubs. Electronic composition can create faster and more precise rhythms than is possible using traditional percussion. The sound of electronic dance music often features electronically altered sounds (samples) of traditional instruments and vocals.

The rave movement that emerged in the late 1980s rose. Rave spawned genres such as Intelligent dance music and Drum and bass. The latter is an offshoot of jungle techno and breakbeat. Popular artists included Moby, Fatboy Slim, Björk, Aphex Twin, Orbital, the Orb, the Chemical Brothers, Basement Jaxx, Todd Terry, 808 State, Primal Scream, the Shamen, the KLF and the Prodigy.

[edit]

Film

[edit]

Literature

[edit]

See also

Information Age


Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "1990s" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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