Acid jazz
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | '''Acid jazz''' (also known as '''club jazz''') is a [[musical genre]] that combines elements of [[soul music]], [[funk]], [[disco]] particularly repetitive beats and [[Musical mode|modal]] [[harmony]]. It developed over the [[1980s]] and [[1990s]] and could be seen as taking the sound of [[Jazz-Funk]] onto [[electronic music|electronic]] [[dance]]/[[Pop music|pop]] music. Acid Jazz is also the name of a recording label in the United Kingdom (founded by [[Gilles Peterson]] & [[Eddie Pillar]]) which issues recordings by artists in the genre. | ||
| - | The Acid Jazz "movement" is also seen as a "revival" of [[jazz-funk]] or [[jazz-fusion]] or [[soul jazz]] by Leading [[DJ]]s such as [[Norman Jay]] or [[Gilles Peterson]] or [[Patrick Forge]]. AKA "[[Rare groove|Rare Groove]]" crate diggers. | + | '''Acid jazz''' (also known as '''club jazz''', '''psychedelic jazz''', or '''groove jazz''') is a [[music genre]] that combines elements of [[funk]], [[soul music|soul]], and [[hip hop music|hip hop]], as well as [[jazz]] and [[disco]]. Acid jazz originated in clubs in London during the 1980s with the [[rare groove]] movement and spread to the United States, Japan, Eastern Europe, and Brazil. Acts included [[The Brand New Heavies]], [[D'Influence]], [[Incognito (band)|Incognito]], [[Us3]], and [[Jamiroquai]] from the UK and [[Buckshot LeFonque]] and [[Digable Planets]] from the U.S. The rise of electronic club music in the middle to late 1990s led to a decline in interest, and in the twenty-first century, the movement became indistinct as a genre. Many acts that might have been defined as acid jazz are seen as [[jazz-funk]], [[neo soul]], or [[jazz rap]]. |
| + | |||
| + | ==Characteristics== | ||
| + | The genre's name was coined by [[Gilles Peterson]], and the label was started by Bangs, Eddie Piller, and Gilles.<ref name="New Grove">{{cite book|last1=Adams|first1=Simon|editor1-last=Kernfeld |editor1-first=Barry |title=The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz|date=2002|publisher=Grove's Dictionaries |location=New York City|isbn=978-1-56159-284-5|page=10|edition=2}}</ref><ref name=Bush2001/> The name refers to the [[acid house]] genre, which was popular in UK clubs in the 1980s.<ref name="Priceetal2011pp479-82">{{cite book |editor1-last=Price |editor1-first=E.G. |editor2-last=Kernodle |editor2-first=T.L. |title=Encyclopedia of African American Music |date=2011 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |location=Santa Barbara, California |isbn=978-0-313-34199-1 |pages=479–482}}</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Acid jazz consisted of two related movements. The first was based on records by disc jockeys and music producers who added percussion and electronic dance beats to jazz tracks from the 1960s and 1970s.<ref name=Gioia2011pp333-4/> The second movement included groups who were influenced by these recordings and who emphasized a [[Groove (music)|groove]].<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/> Acid jazz borrowed from jazz, funk, and hip-hop. Because it relies heavily on percussion and live performance, it is sometimes associated with jazz, but its emphasis on groove aligns it more with funk, hip hop, and dance music.<ref name="AllmusicAcidJazz">{{cite web |title=Acid Jazz Music Genre Overview |url=https://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/acid-jazz-ma0000002414 |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=13 September 2020}}</ref> The style is characterized by danceable grooves and long, repetitive compositions. Acid jazz bands usually include horns, a rhythm section (drum set and additional percussion), a vocalist who may sing or rap, and a DJ.<ref name="drummer">{{cite book |last1=Berry |first1=Mick |last2=Gianni |first2=Jason |title=The Drummer's Bible |date=2004 |publisher=See Sharp Press |location=Tucson, Arizona |isbn=1-884365-32-9 |page=68}}</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==History== | ||
| + | [[File:The Brand New Heavies By Daniel Åhs Karlsson.jpg|thumb|left|[[Brand New Heavies]] in 2013]] | ||
| + | Acid jazz has its origins in the 1960s, when [[psychedelia|psychedelic styles]] were being incorporated into other musical genres, jazz being one of these. Some cite ''Six Pack'' and ''Soul Fiesta'' by The Apostles (1969) as acid jazz records during the 1960s. Acid jazz became popular in London clubs during the 1980s when disc jockeys associated with the [[rare groove]] movement played obscure jazz records. Their interests were in the fringe of [[jazz fusion]], [[jazz funk]], and the [[soul jazz]] of the 1950s and 1960s. Particularly significant were records from the [[Blue Note Records|Blue Note]] catalogue.<ref name=Bush2001/> These DJs included Gilles Peterson, who had residencies at several London clubs in the 1980s. Peterson began in a small [[pirate radio]] station and then moved to the larger [[Kiss (UK radio station)|Kiss-FM]]. In 1988 with producer [[Eddie Piller]] he formed the label [[Acid Jazz Records]]. The first release from the company was the compilation ''Totally Wired'', which contained obscure jazz funk tracks from the 1970s with updated new tracks.<ref name="Bush2001">{{cite book |last1=Bush |first1=John |editor1-last=Bogdanov |editor1-first=Vladimir |title=All Music Guide to Electronica |date=2001 |publisher=[[Backbeat Books]] |location=San Francisco, California |isbn=0-87930-628-9 |pages=647–649}}</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | In 1990 Peterson left to start the label [[Talkin' Loud]] at [[Phonogram Records|Phonogram]].<ref name="Larkin1998">{{cite book |last=Larkin |first=Colin |author-link=Colin Larkin (writer) |title=The Virgin Encyclopedia of Dance Music |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sTPaAAAAMAAJ |access-date=2 July 2013 |year=1998 |publisher=Virgin Books |location=New York City|isbn=978-0-7535-0252-5 |page=334}}</ref> The company signed [[Galliano (band)|Galliano]], [[Young Disciples]], and [[Urban Species]].<ref name=Bush2001/> Another British record label, [[Fourth and Broadway Records]], was formed in 1990 and began a compilation series with the title "The Rebirth of Cool". The label's roster included [[Pharoah Sanders]], [[Stereo MCs]], [[MC Solaar]], and [[Courtney Pine]].<ref name=Bush2001/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | In 1991 acid jazz broke into the mainstream with the success of [[Brand New Heavies]]. After one [[Brand New Heavies (album)|self-titled album]] (1990) with Acid Jazz Records, the group signed with [[FFRR Records]] and had the hit singles "[[Never Stop (Brand New Heavies song)|Never Stop]]" and "Dream Come True".<ref name=Bush2001/> Other bands included [[Incognito (band)|Incognito]] and [[Us3]], whose "[[Cantaloop (Flip Fantasia)]]" (1993) was the biggest hit in the genre.<ref name=Martin&Waters2011p362/> Also successful was [[Jamiroquai]], an early act for Acid Jazz Records that signed with [[Sony Music|Sony]], which released ''[[Travelling Without Moving]]'' (1996) and the hit single "[[Virtual Insanity]]".<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/> Other live acts included [[Stereo MCs]] and the [[James Taylor Quartet]].<ref name=AllmusicAcidJazz/> The mainstream success of acid jazz was followed by many compilations which left the public confused about the genre.<ref name=Bush2001/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Acid jazz in USA=== | ||
| + | [[File:Guru (rapper).jpg|thumb|upright|right|[[Guru (rapper)|Guru]], who recorded with ''[[Guru's Jazzmatazz, Vol. 1|Jazzmatazz]]'']] | ||
| + | Acid jazz spread to the United States in the early 1990s.<ref name=Bush2001/> It reached New York City in 1990 when British promoter Maurice Bernstein and his South African partner Jonathan Rudnick opened Groove Academy as a party at the [[Giant Step]] club in the basement of the Metropolis Café in [[Union Square (New York City)|Union Square]]. Groove Academy turned into a record label and media company.<ref name="cambridge">{{cite book |editor1-last=Cooke |editor1-first=Mervyn |editor2-last=Horn |editor2-first=David |title=The Cambridge Companion to Jazz |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=0-521-66388-1 |page=237}}</ref> Acid jazz musicians in New York City included [[Brooklyn Funk Essentials]], [[DJ Smash]], and Jerome Van Rossum. In San Francisco acid jazz was released by [[Ubiquity Records]],<ref name=Bush2001/> by Solsonics in Los Angeles, and [[The Greyboy Allstars]] in San Diego.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Greyboy Allstars {{!}} Biography & History|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/greyboy-allstars-mn0000763810/biography|access-date=2021-08-24|website=AllMusic|language=en}}</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[A Tribe Called Quest]] borrowed from jazz for their album ''[[The Low End Theory]]'' (1991).<ref name=Gioia2011pp333-4/> Under the name [[Buckshot LeFonque]], [[Branford Marsalis]] and Digable Planets won a Grammy Award for the 1993 single "[[Rebirth of Slick (Cool Like Dat)]]".<ref name="Martin&Waters2011p362">{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=Henry |last2=Waters |first2=Keith |title=Jazz: The First 100 Years |date=2011 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-133-16927-7 |page=362 |edition=3}}</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Formed in New York in 1990, [[Groove Collective]] produced their self-titled debut in 1993.<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/> The rapper [[Guru (rapper)|Guru]] released a series of albums recorded with jazz musicians as the ''[[Jazzmatazz]]'' series.<ref name=Gioia2011pp333-4/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Stemming from [[Chicago]] in 1993, [[Liquid Soul]] achieved a national profile in 1996 when their self-titled debut LP was re-released by [[Ark21]].<ref name="Ankeny1">{{cite web |last1=Ankeny |first1=Jason |title=Liquid Soul |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/liquid-soul-mn0000293825/biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=13 September 2020 }}</ref> In 2000 their album ''[[Here's the Deal (album)|Here's the Deal]]'' was nominated in the [[Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Jazz Album]] category.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-23|title=Liquid Soul|url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/liquid-soul/7456|access-date=2021-08-24|website=GRAMMY.com|language=en}}</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Around the world=== | ||
| + | Acid jazz soon gained an international following, including in Japan, Germany, Brazil and Eastern Europe.<ref name="Gioia2011pp333-4">{{cite book |last1=Gioia |first1=Ted |title=The History of Jazz |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-983187-6 |pages=333–334 |edition=2}}</ref> From Japan, [[United Future Organization]] gained an international reputation, signing an American record deal in 1994.<ref name=Ankeney2001p536>J. Ankeny, "United Future Organization", in V. Bogdanov, ed., ''All Music Guide to Electronica: The Definitive Guide to Electronic Music'' (Milwaukee: Backbeat Books, 2001), {{ISBN|0-87930-628-9}}, p. 536.</ref> Other acts from Japan included [[Mondo Grosso]],<ref name=AllmusicAcidJazz/> and [[Gota Yashiki]]<ref name="Erlewine">{{cite web |last1=Erlewine |first1=Stephen Thomas |title=Gota |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/gota-mn0000159978/biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=13 September 2020 }}</ref> [[Skalpel]] came from Poland.<ref name="Larkin1">{{cite book |last1=Larkin |first1=C. |title=The Encyclopedia of Popular Music Vol. 7 |date=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=0-19-531373-9 |page=503 |edition=4}}</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Decline=== | ||
| + | The rise of electronic club music in the mid- to late-1990s led to a decline in interest in acid jazz among the record buying public, although the genre continued to have a reduced worldwide following.<ref name=Bush2001/> In the twenty-first century the movement became so intertwined with other forms that it became indistinct as a genre and many acts that might have been defined as acid jazz are now seen as jazz funk, [[neo soul]] or [[jazz rap]].<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''[[Q (magazine)|Q]]'' magazine stated "Acid jazz was the most significant jazz form to emerge out of the British music scene".<ref name="Music">{{cite book| first= Paul| last= Du Noyer| year= 2003| title= The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music| edition= 1st| publisher= Flame Tree Publishing| location= Fulham, London| isbn= 1-904041-96-5| page= 144}}</ref> One major legacy of the genre is its influence on the [[jam band]] movement, with acid jazz proving a suitable medium for extended improvisation for acts such as [[Medeski, Martin and Wood]]<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/> and [[The Greyboy Allstars]].<ref name="greyboyA">{{cite web |last1=Bush |first1=John |title=Greyboy Allstars |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/greyboy-allstars-mn0000763810/biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=24 September 2019 }}</ref> | ||
| - | == History == | ||
| - | In 1986 Peterson started a regular Sunday afternoon club at [[Dingwalls]], a dank corridor of a venue squeezed onto the corner of Camden Lock in north London. This club became his most successful venture to date: It ran for seven years and inspired a succession of records, labels, DJs and bands. | ||
| ==Key artists== | ==Key artists== | ||
| *[[Roy Ayers]] | *[[Roy Ayers]] | ||
| *[[Brand New Heavies]] | *[[Brand New Heavies]] | ||
| *[[Brooklyn Funk Essentials]] | *[[Brooklyn Funk Essentials]] | ||
| - | *[[Corduroy (band)|Corduroy]] | ||
| - | *[[Count Basic]] | ||
| *[[Digable Planets]] | *[[Digable Planets]] | ||
| *[[DJ Krush]] | *[[DJ Krush]] | ||
| Line 31: | Line 57: | ||
| *[[Ronny Jordan]] | *[[Ronny Jordan]] | ||
| *[[St. Germain (musician)|St. Germain]] | *[[St. Germain (musician)|St. Germain]] | ||
| - | *[[United Future Organization]] | + | ==See also== |
| - | *[[US3]] | + | * [[Broken beat]] |
| - | *[[Young Disciples]] | + | * [[Deep funk]] |
| + | * [[Groovera]] | ||
| + | * [[Jazz-funk]] | ||
| + | * [[List of electronic music genres]] | ||
| + | * [[Ninja Tune]] | ||
| + | * [[Trip hop]] | ||
| + | |||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 21:28, 17 October 2022
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"In 1987 Gilles Peterson, having done his apprenticeship at the Electric Ballroom and developed his own thing as part of Nicky Holloway's Special Branch, set up a new club at Dingwalls on a Sunday afternoon. He invited Patrick Forge to join in and for the next four and a half years the club ran and pioneered that acid jazz thing."--Sholem Stein |
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Related e |
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Featured: |
Acid jazz (also known as club jazz, psychedelic jazz, or groove jazz) is a music genre that combines elements of funk, soul, and hip hop, as well as jazz and disco. Acid jazz originated in clubs in London during the 1980s with the rare groove movement and spread to the United States, Japan, Eastern Europe, and Brazil. Acts included The Brand New Heavies, D'Influence, Incognito, Us3, and Jamiroquai from the UK and Buckshot LeFonque and Digable Planets from the U.S. The rise of electronic club music in the middle to late 1990s led to a decline in interest, and in the twenty-first century, the movement became indistinct as a genre. Many acts that might have been defined as acid jazz are seen as jazz-funk, neo soul, or jazz rap.
Contents |
Characteristics
The genre's name was coined by Gilles Peterson, and the label was started by Bangs, Eddie Piller, and Gilles.<ref name="New Grove">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=Bush2001/> The name refers to the acid house genre, which was popular in UK clubs in the 1980s.<ref name="Priceetal2011pp479-82">Template:Cite book</ref>
Acid jazz consisted of two related movements. The first was based on records by disc jockeys and music producers who added percussion and electronic dance beats to jazz tracks from the 1960s and 1970s.<ref name=Gioia2011pp333-4/> The second movement included groups who were influenced by these recordings and who emphasized a groove.<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/> Acid jazz borrowed from jazz, funk, and hip-hop. Because it relies heavily on percussion and live performance, it is sometimes associated with jazz, but its emphasis on groove aligns it more with funk, hip hop, and dance music.<ref name="AllmusicAcidJazz">{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/acid-jazz-ma0000002414 | {{#if: Acid Jazz Music Genre Overview |1}}}}
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}}</ref> The style is characterized by danceable grooves and long, repetitive compositions. Acid jazz bands usually include horns, a rhythm section (drum set and additional percussion), a vocalist who may sing or rap, and a DJ.<ref name="drummer">Template:Cite book</ref>
History
[[File:The Brand New Heavies By Daniel Åhs Karlsson.jpg|thumb|left|Brand New Heavies in 2013]] Acid jazz has its origins in the 1960s, when psychedelic styles were being incorporated into other musical genres, jazz being one of these. Some cite Six Pack and Soul Fiesta by The Apostles (1969) as acid jazz records during the 1960s. Acid jazz became popular in London clubs during the 1980s when disc jockeys associated with the rare groove movement played obscure jazz records. Their interests were in the fringe of jazz fusion, jazz funk, and the soul jazz of the 1950s and 1960s. Particularly significant were records from the Blue Note catalogue.<ref name=Bush2001/> These DJs included Gilles Peterson, who had residencies at several London clubs in the 1980s. Peterson began in a small pirate radio station and then moved to the larger Kiss-FM. In 1988 with producer Eddie Piller he formed the label Acid Jazz Records. The first release from the company was the compilation Totally Wired, which contained obscure jazz funk tracks from the 1970s with updated new tracks.<ref name="Bush2001">Template:Cite book</ref>
In 1990 Peterson left to start the label Talkin' Loud at Phonogram.<ref name="Larkin1998">Template:Cite book</ref> The company signed Galliano, Young Disciples, and Urban Species.<ref name=Bush2001/> Another British record label, Fourth and Broadway Records, was formed in 1990 and began a compilation series with the title "The Rebirth of Cool". The label's roster included Pharoah Sanders, Stereo MCs, MC Solaar, and Courtney Pine.<ref name=Bush2001/>
In 1991 acid jazz broke into the mainstream with the success of Brand New Heavies. After one self-titled album (1990) with Acid Jazz Records, the group signed with FFRR Records and had the hit singles "Never Stop" and "Dream Come True".<ref name=Bush2001/> Other bands included Incognito and Us3, whose "Cantaloop (Flip Fantasia)" (1993) was the biggest hit in the genre.<ref name=Martin&Waters2011p362/> Also successful was Jamiroquai, an early act for Acid Jazz Records that signed with Sony, which released Travelling Without Moving (1996) and the hit single "Virtual Insanity".<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/> Other live acts included Stereo MCs and the James Taylor Quartet.<ref name=AllmusicAcidJazz/> The mainstream success of acid jazz was followed by many compilations which left the public confused about the genre.<ref name=Bush2001/>
Acid jazz in USA
[[File:Guru (rapper).jpg|thumb|upright|right|Guru, who recorded with Jazzmatazz]] Acid jazz spread to the United States in the early 1990s.<ref name=Bush2001/> It reached New York City in 1990 when British promoter Maurice Bernstein and his South African partner Jonathan Rudnick opened Groove Academy as a party at the Giant Step club in the basement of the Metropolis Café in Union Square. Groove Academy turned into a record label and media company.<ref name="cambridge">Template:Cite book</ref> Acid jazz musicians in New York City included Brooklyn Funk Essentials, DJ Smash, and Jerome Van Rossum. In San Francisco acid jazz was released by Ubiquity Records,<ref name=Bush2001/> by Solsonics in Los Angeles, and The Greyboy Allstars in San Diego.<ref>{{
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A Tribe Called Quest borrowed from jazz for their album The Low End Theory (1991).<ref name=Gioia2011pp333-4/> Under the name Buckshot LeFonque, Branford Marsalis and Digable Planets won a Grammy Award for the 1993 single "Rebirth of Slick (Cool Like Dat)".<ref name="Martin&Waters2011p362">Template:Cite book</ref>
Formed in New York in 1990, Groove Collective produced their self-titled debut in 1993.<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/> The rapper Guru released a series of albums recorded with jazz musicians as the Jazzmatazz series.<ref name=Gioia2011pp333-4/>
Stemming from Chicago in 1993, Liquid Soul achieved a national profile in 1996 when their self-titled debut LP was re-released by Ark21.<ref name="Ankeny1">{{
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}}</ref> In 2000 their album Here's the Deal was nominated in the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Jazz Album category.<ref>{{
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Around the world
Acid jazz soon gained an international following, including in Japan, Germany, Brazil and Eastern Europe.<ref name="Gioia2011pp333-4">Template:Cite book</ref> From Japan, United Future Organization gained an international reputation, signing an American record deal in 1994.<ref name=Ankeney2001p536>J. Ankeny, "United Future Organization", in V. Bogdanov, ed., All Music Guide to Electronica: The Definitive Guide to Electronic Music (Milwaukee: Backbeat Books, 2001), Template:ISBN, p. 536.</ref> Other acts from Japan included Mondo Grosso,<ref name=AllmusicAcidJazz/> and Gota Yashiki<ref name="Erlewine">{{
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Decline
The rise of electronic club music in the mid- to late-1990s led to a decline in interest in acid jazz among the record buying public, although the genre continued to have a reduced worldwide following.<ref name=Bush2001/> In the twenty-first century the movement became so intertwined with other forms that it became indistinct as a genre and many acts that might have been defined as acid jazz are now seen as jazz funk, neo soul or jazz rap.<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/>
Q magazine stated "Acid jazz was the most significant jazz form to emerge out of the British music scene".<ref name="Music">Template:Cite book</ref> One major legacy of the genre is its influence on the jam band movement, with acid jazz proving a suitable medium for extended improvisation for acts such as Medeski, Martin and Wood<ref name=Priceetal2011pp479-82/> and The Greyboy Allstars.<ref name="greyboyA">{{
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Key artists
- Roy Ayers
- Brand New Heavies
- Brooklyn Funk Essentials
- Digable Planets
- DJ Krush
- D*Note
- D'Influence
- Erik Truffaz
- Funki Porcini
- Galliano
- Gilles Peterson
- Groove Collective
- Incognito
- James Taylor Quartet
- Jamiroquai
- Jazzanova
- Ronny Jordan
- St. Germain
See also
