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-# The action of taking something apart in order to study it.+:''see [[psychoanalysis]]''
 + 
 +'''Analysis''' is the process of breaking a [[complexity|complex topic]] or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it. The technique has been applied in the study of [[mathematics]] and [[logic]] since before [[Aristotle]] (384–322 [[Before Christ|B.C.]]), though ''analysis'' as a formal concept is a relatively recent development.
 + 
 +Some word is from the [[Ancient Greek]] ἀνάλυσις (''analusis'', "a breaking up", from ''ana-'' "up, throughout" and ''lysis'' "a loosening").
 + 
 +As a formal concept, the method has variously been ascribed to [[Alhazen]], [[René Descartes]] (''[[Discourse on the Method]]''), and [[Galileo Galilei]]. It has also been ascribed to [[Isaac Newton]], in the form of a practical method of physical discovery (which he did not name or formally describe).
 + 
 +==Applicants==
 + 
 +===Chemistry===
 + 
 +The field of [[chemistry]] uses analysis in at least three ways: to identify the components of a particular [[chemical compound]] (qualitative analysis), to identify the proportions of components in a [[mixture]] (quantitative analysis), and to break down [[chemical process]]es and examine [[chemical reaction]]s between [[chemical element|elements]] of [[chemical matter|matter]]. For an example of its use, analysis of the concentration of elements is important in managing a [[nuclear reactor]], so [[nuclear scientist]]s will analyze [[neutron activation analysis|neutron activation]] to develop discrete measurements within vast samples. A [[matrix (chemical analysis)|matrix]] can have a considerable effect on the way a chemical analysis is conducted and the quality of its results. Analysis can be done manually or with a [[analyser|device]]. Chemical analysis is an important element of [[national security]] among the [[great power|major world powers]] with [[Materials MASINT|materials]] [[measurement and signature intelligence]] (MASINT) capabilities.
 + 
 +====Isotopes====
 + 
 +Chemists can use [[isotope analysis]] to assist analysts with issues in [[anthropology]], [[archeology]], [[food chemistry]], [[forensics]], [[geology]], and a host of other questions of [[physical science]]. Analysts can discern the origins of natural and man-made isotopes in the study of [[environmental radioactivity]].
 + 
 +===Business===
 +* [[Financial statement analysis]] – the analysis of the accounts and the economic prospects of a firm
 +* [[Fundamental analysis]] – a stock valuation method that uses financial analysis
 +* [[Technical analysis]] – the study of price action in securities markets in order to forecast future prices
 +* [[Business analysis]] – involves identifying the needs and determining the solutions to business problems
 +* [[Price analysis]] – involves the breakdown of a price to a unit figure
 +* [[Market analysis]] – consists of suppliers and customers, and price is determined by the interaction of [[supply and demand]]
 + 
 +===Computer science===
 +* [[Requirements analysis]] – encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or conditions to meet for a new or altered product, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, such as beneficiaries or users.
 +* [[Competitive analysis (online algorithm)]] – shows how online algorithms perform and demonstrates the power of randomization in algorithms
 +* [[Lexical analysis]] – the process of processing an input sequence of characters and producing as output a sequence of symbols
 +* [[Object-oriented analysis and design]] – à la [[Booch method|Booch]]
 +* [[Program analysis (computer science)]] – the process of automatically analyzing the behavior of computer programs
 +* [[Semantic analysis (computer science)]] – a pass by a compiler that adds semantical information to the parse tree and performs certain checks
 +* [[Static code analysis]] – the analysis of computer software that is performed without actually executing programs built from that
 +* [[Structured systems analysis and design methodology]] – à la [[Yourdon]]
 +* [[Syntax analysis]] – a process in compilers that recognizes the structure of programming languages, also known as parsing
 +* [[Worst-case execution time]] – determines the longest time that a piece of software can take to run
 + 
 +===Economics===
 +* [[Agroecosystem analysis]]
 +* [[Input-output model]] if applied to a region, is called Regional Impact Multiplier System
 + 
 +===Engineering===
 + 
 +Analysts in the field of [[engineering]] look at [[Requirement analysis|requirements]], [[structural analysis|structures]], mechanisms, [[systems analysis|systems]] and [[dimensional analysis|dimensions]]. [[Electrical engineering|Electrical engineers]] analyze [[system analysis|systems]] in [[electronics]]. [[Whole-life cost|Life cycles]] and [[Accident analysis|system failures]] are broken down and studied by engineers. It is also looking at different factors incorporated within the design.
 + 
 +===Intelligence===
 + 
 +The field of [[intelligence (information gathering)|intelligence]] employs analysts to break down and understand a wide array of questions. [[Intelligence agency|Intelligence agencies]] may use [[heuristics]], [[inductive reasoning|inductive]] and [[deductive reasoning]], [[social network analysis]], [[dynamic network analysis]], [[Social network#Social network analysis|link analysis]], and [[brainstorming]] to sort through problems they face. [[Military intelligence]] may explore issues through the use of [[game theory]], [[Red Team]]ing, and [[military simulation|wargaming]]. [[Signals intelligence]] applies [[cryptanalysis]] and [[frequency analysis]] to break [[code (cryptography)|codes]] and [[cipher]]s. [[Business intelligence]] applies theories of [[competitive intelligence|competitive intelligence analysis]] and [[competitor analysis]] to resolve questions in the [[marketplace]]. [[Police|Law enforcement]] intelligence applies a number of theories in [[crime analysis]].
 + 
 +===Linguistics===
 + 
 +Linguistics began with the analysis of [[Ashtadhyayi|Sanskrit]] and [[Tolkāppiyam|Tamil]]; today it looks at individual languages and [[language]] in general. It breaks language down and analyzes its component parts: [[theoretical linguistics|theory]], [[phonology|sounds and their meaning]], [[pragmatics|utterance usage]], [[morphology (linguistics)|word origins]], the [[etymology|history of words]], the meaning of [[lexical semantics|words]] and [[phraseology|word combinations]], [[syntax|sentence construction]], [[discourse analysis|basic construction beyond the sentence level]], [[stylistics (linguistics)|stylistics]], and [[conversation analysis|conversation]]. It examines the above using [[computational linguistics|statistics and modeling]], and [[semantic analysis (linguistics)|semantics]]. It analyzes language in context of [[anthropological linguistics|anthropology]], [[biolinguistics|biology]], [[evolutionary linguistics|evolution]], [[language geography|geography]], [[historical linguistics|history]], [[neurolinguistics|neurology]], [[psycholinguistics|psychology]], and [[sociolinguistics|sociology]]. It also takes the [[applied linguistics|applied]] approach, looking at [[developmental linguistics|individual language development]] and [[clinical linguistics|clinical]] issues.
 + 
 +===Literature===
 +[[Literary theory]] is the analysis of [[literature]]. Some say that [[literary criticism]] is a subset of literary theory. The focus can be as diverse as the analysis of [[analysis (Homer)|Homer]] or [[psychoanalytic literary criticism|Freud]]. This is mainly to do with the breaking up of a topic to make it easier to understand.
 + 
 +===Mathematics===
 + 
 +Mathematical analysis is the study of infinite processes. It is the branch of mathematics that includes calculus. It can be applied in the study of [[classical mathematics|classical]] concepts of mathematics, such as [[real analysis|real numbers]], [[complex analysis|complex variables]], [[Fourier analysis|trigonometric functions]], and [[numerical analysis|algorithms]], or of [[non-classical analysis|non-classical]] concepts like [[constructivist analysis|constructivism]], [[harmonic analysis|harmonics]], [[non-standard analysis|infinity]], and [[functional analysis|vectors]].
 + 
 +===Music===
 +* [[Musical analysis]] – a process attempting to answer the question "How does this music work?"
 +* [[Schenkerian analysis]]
 + 
 +===Philosophy===
 +* [[Philosophical analysis]] – a general term for the techniques used by philosophers
 +* ''[[Analysis (journal)|Analysis]]'' is the name of a prominent journal in philosophy.
 + 
 +===Psychotherapy===
 +* [[Psychoanalysis]] – seeks to elucidate connections among unconscious components of patients' mental processes
 +* [[Transactional analysis]]
 + 
 +===Signal processing===
 +* [[Finite element analysis]] – a computer simulation technique used in engineering analysis
 +* [[Independent component analysis]]
 +* [[Link quality analysis]] – the analysis of signal quality
 +* [[Path quality analysis]]
 + 
 +===Statistics===
 +In [[statistics]], the term ''analysis'' may refer to any method used
 +for [[data analysis]]. Among the many such methods, some are:
 +* [[Analysis of variance]] (ANOVA) – a collection of statistical models and their associated procedures which compare means by splitting the overall observed variance into different parts
 +* [[Boolean analysis]] – a method to find deterministic dependencies between variables in a sample, mostly used in exploratory data analysis
 +* [[Cluster analysis]] – techniques for grouping objects into a collection of groups (called clusters), based on some measure of proximity or similarity
 +* [[Factor analysis]] – a method to construct models describing a data set of observed variables in terms of a smaller set of unobserved variables (called factors)
 +* [[Meta-analysis]] – combines the results of several studies that address a set of related research hypotheses
 +* [[Multivariate analysis]] – analysis of data involving several variables, such as by factor analysis, regression analysis, or principal component analysis
 +* [[Principal component analysis]] – transformation of a sample of correlated variables into uncorrelated variables (called principal components), mostly used in exploratory data analysis
 +* [[Regression analysis]] – techniques for analyzing the relationships between several variables in the data
 +* [[Scale analysis (statistics)]] – methods to analyse survey data by scoring responses on a numeric scale
 +* [[Sensitivity analysis]] – the study of how the variation in the output of a model depends on variations in the inputs
 +* [[Sequential analysis]] – evaluation of sampled data as it is collected, until the criterion of a stopping rule is met
 +* [[Spatial analysis]] – the study of entities using geometric or geographic properties
 +* [[Time-series analysis]] – methods that attempt to understand a sequence of data points spaced apart at uniform time intervals
 + 
 +===Other===
 +* [[Aura analysis]] – a technique in which supporters of the method claim that the body's aura, or energy field is analyzed
 +* [[Bowling analysis]] –
 + 
 +* [[Lithic analysis]] – the analysis of stone tools using basic scientific techniques
 +* [[Protocol analysis]] – a means for extracting persons' thoughts while they are performing a task
 + 
 +==See also==
 +* [[Formal analysis]]
 +* [[Scientific method]]
 + 
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see psychoanalysis

Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it. The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle (384–322 B.C.), though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent development.

Some word is from the Ancient Greek ἀνάλυσις (analusis, "a breaking up", from ana- "up, throughout" and lysis "a loosening").

As a formal concept, the method has variously been ascribed to Alhazen, René Descartes (Discourse on the Method), and Galileo Galilei. It has also been ascribed to Isaac Newton, in the form of a practical method of physical discovery (which he did not name or formally describe).

Contents

[edit]

Applicants

[edit]

Chemistry

The field of chemistry uses analysis in at least three ways: to identify the components of a particular chemical compound (qualitative analysis), to identify the proportions of components in a mixture (quantitative analysis), and to break down chemical processes and examine chemical reactions between elements of matter. For an example of its use, analysis of the concentration of elements is important in managing a nuclear reactor, so nuclear scientists will analyze neutron activation to develop discrete measurements within vast samples. A matrix can have a considerable effect on the way a chemical analysis is conducted and the quality of its results. Analysis can be done manually or with a device. Chemical analysis is an important element of national security among the major world powers with materials measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT) capabilities.

[edit]

Isotopes

Chemists can use isotope analysis to assist analysts with issues in anthropology, archeology, food chemistry, forensics, geology, and a host of other questions of physical science. Analysts can discern the origins of natural and man-made isotopes in the study of environmental radioactivity.

[edit]

Business

[edit]

Computer science

[edit]

Economics

[edit]

Engineering

Analysts in the field of engineering look at requirements, structures, mechanisms, systems and dimensions. Electrical engineers analyze systems in electronics. Life cycles and system failures are broken down and studied by engineers. It is also looking at different factors incorporated within the design.

[edit]

Intelligence

The field of intelligence employs analysts to break down and understand a wide array of questions. Intelligence agencies may use heuristics, inductive and deductive reasoning, social network analysis, dynamic network analysis, link analysis, and brainstorming to sort through problems they face. Military intelligence may explore issues through the use of game theory, Red Teaming, and wargaming. Signals intelligence applies cryptanalysis and frequency analysis to break codes and ciphers. Business intelligence applies theories of competitive intelligence analysis and competitor analysis to resolve questions in the marketplace. Law enforcement intelligence applies a number of theories in crime analysis.

[edit]

Linguistics

Linguistics began with the analysis of Sanskrit and Tamil; today it looks at individual languages and language in general. It breaks language down and analyzes its component parts: theory, sounds and their meaning, utterance usage, word origins, the history of words, the meaning of words and word combinations, sentence construction, basic construction beyond the sentence level, stylistics, and conversation. It examines the above using statistics and modeling, and semantics. It analyzes language in context of anthropology, biology, evolution, geography, history, neurology, psychology, and sociology. It also takes the applied approach, looking at individual language development and clinical issues.

[edit]

Literature

Literary theory is the analysis of literature. Some say that literary criticism is a subset of literary theory. The focus can be as diverse as the analysis of Homer or Freud. This is mainly to do with the breaking up of a topic to make it easier to understand.

[edit]

Mathematics

Mathematical analysis is the study of infinite processes. It is the branch of mathematics that includes calculus. It can be applied in the study of classical concepts of mathematics, such as real numbers, complex variables, trigonometric functions, and algorithms, or of non-classical concepts like constructivism, harmonics, infinity, and vectors.

[edit]

Music

[edit]

Philosophy

[edit]

Psychotherapy

[edit]

Signal processing

[edit]

Statistics

In statistics, the term analysis may refer to any method used for data analysis. Among the many such methods, some are:

  • Analysis of variance (ANOVA) – a collection of statistical models and their associated procedures which compare means by splitting the overall observed variance into different parts
  • Boolean analysis – a method to find deterministic dependencies between variables in a sample, mostly used in exploratory data analysis
  • Cluster analysis – techniques for grouping objects into a collection of groups (called clusters), based on some measure of proximity or similarity
  • Factor analysis – a method to construct models describing a data set of observed variables in terms of a smaller set of unobserved variables (called factors)
  • Meta-analysis – combines the results of several studies that address a set of related research hypotheses
  • Multivariate analysis – analysis of data involving several variables, such as by factor analysis, regression analysis, or principal component analysis
  • Principal component analysis – transformation of a sample of correlated variables into uncorrelated variables (called principal components), mostly used in exploratory data analysis
  • Regression analysis – techniques for analyzing the relationships between several variables in the data
  • Scale analysis (statistics) – methods to analyse survey data by scoring responses on a numeric scale
  • Sensitivity analysis – the study of how the variation in the output of a model depends on variations in the inputs
  • Sequential analysis – evaluation of sampled data as it is collected, until the criterion of a stopping rule is met
  • Spatial analysis – the study of entities using geometric or geographic properties
  • Time-series analysis – methods that attempt to understand a sequence of data points spaced apart at uniform time intervals
[edit]

Other

  • Lithic analysis – the analysis of stone tools using basic scientific techniques
  • Protocol analysis – a means for extracting persons' thoughts while they are performing a task
[edit]

See also


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