Artist  

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 +[[Image:Theatre from Ars Memoriae by Robert Fludd.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[Ars Memoriae]]'': The [[Theatre]] ([[1619]]) - [[Robert Fludd]]
 +<br>
 +“In the [[illusion|illusory]] [[babel]]s of language, an [[artist]] might [[avant-garde|advance]] specifically to get [[lost]], and to [[drugs|intoxicate]] himself in dizzying syntaxes, seeking odd [[intersection]]s of [[meaning]], [[strange]] corridors of history, [[unexpected]] echoes, [[unknown]] humors, or [[void]]s of [[knowledge…]] but this quest is [[risky]], full of bottomless [[fiction]]s and endless architectures and [[counter]]-architectures… at the end, if there is an end, are perhaps only [[meaningless]] reverberations.” --[[Robert Smithson]]]]
[[Image:The Poor Poet by Carl Spitzweg.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[The Poor Poet]]'' (1839) is a painting by [[Carl Spitzweg]]]] [[Image:The Poor Poet by Carl Spitzweg.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[The Poor Poet]]'' (1839) is a painting by [[Carl Spitzweg]]]]
[[Image:Durer grid (clean).jpg|thumb|200px|''[[Artist and Model in the Studio]]'' (detail) by [[Albrecht Dürer]], first published in ''[[The Painter's Manual]]'' in [[1525]].]] [[Image:Durer grid (clean).jpg|thumb|200px|''[[Artist and Model in the Studio]]'' (detail) by [[Albrecht Dürer]], first published in ''[[The Painter's Manual]]'' in [[1525]].]]
-[[Image:Theatre from Ars Memoriae by Robert Fludd.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Ars Memoriae]]'': The [[Theatre]] ([[1619]]) - [[Robert Fludd]]+[[Image:The Artist Moved by the Grandeur of Ancient Ruins.jpg|thumb|right|200px|
-<br>+''[[The Artist's Despair Before the Grandeur of Ancient Ruins]]'' (1778-80) by Henry Fuseli]]
-“In the [[illusion|illusory]] [[babel]]s of language, an [[artist]] might [[avant-garde|advance]] specifically to get [[lost]], and to [[drugs|intoxicate]] himself in dizzying syntaxes, seeking odd [[intersection]]s of [[meaning]], [[strange]] corridors of history, [[unexpected]] echoes, [[unknown]] humors, or [[void]]s of [[knowledge…]] but this quest is [[risky]], full of bottomless [[fiction]]s and endless architectures and [[counter]]-architectures… at the end, if there is an end, are perhaps only [[meaningless]] reverberations.” --[[Robert Smithson]]]]+
- +
{{Template}} {{Template}}
-The definition of an '''artist''' is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of [[activities]] to do with creating [[art]], practicing the arts and/or demonstrating an art. Debate, both historical and present day, suggests that defining the concept of an artist will continue to be difficult.+The definition of an '''artist''' is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of [[activities]] to do with [[creating]] [[art]], practicing the arts and/or demonstrating an art. Debate, both historical and present day, suggests that defining the concept of an artist will continue to be difficult.
==History of the term== ==History of the term==
Although the Greek word "techně" is often mistranslated as "art," it actually implies mastery of any sort of craft. The Latin-derived form of the word is "tecnicus", from which the English words [[technique|technique]], [[technology]], [[technical|technical]] are derived. Although the Greek word "techně" is often mistranslated as "art," it actually implies mastery of any sort of craft. The Latin-derived form of the word is "tecnicus", from which the English words [[technique|technique]], [[technology]], [[technical|technical]] are derived.
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* [[Ballet]]: [[Margot Fonteyn]] * [[Ballet]]: [[Margot Fonteyn]]
* [[Baroque Art]]: [[Caravaggio]] * [[Baroque Art]]: [[Caravaggio]]
-* [[Calligraphy]]: [[Rudolf Koch]] 
* [[Ceramic art]]: [[Grayson Perry]] * [[Ceramic art]]: [[Grayson Perry]]
* [[Choreographer]]: [[Martha Graham]] * [[Choreographer]]: [[Martha Graham]]
Line 69: Line 69:
* [[Dancer]]: [[Isadora Duncan]] * [[Dancer]]: [[Isadora Duncan]]
* [[Designer]]: [[Arne Jacobsen]] * [[Designer]]: [[Arne Jacobsen]]
-* [[Digital art]]: [[David Em]] 
-* [[Doll|Doll Maker]]: [[Greer Lankton]] 
* [[Expressionism]]: [[Edvard Munch]] * [[Expressionism]]: [[Edvard Munch]]
* [[Fashion designer]]: [[Yves Saint Laurent (designer)|Yves Saint Laurent]] * [[Fashion designer]]: [[Yves Saint Laurent (designer)|Yves Saint Laurent]]
* [[Fauvism|Fauvist]]: [[Henri Matisse]] * [[Fauvism|Fauvist]]: [[Henri Matisse]]
* [[Fluxus]]: [[George Maciunas]] * [[Fluxus]]: [[George Maciunas]]
-* [[Fumage]]: [[Burhan Dogancay]] 
* [[Game designer]]: [[Fumito Ueda]] * [[Game designer]]: [[Fumito Ueda]]
* [[Geometric abstraction]]: [[Piet Mondrian]] * [[Geometric abstraction]]: [[Piet Mondrian]]
Line 88: Line 85:
* [[Landscape architect]]: [[Frederick Law Olmsted]] * [[Landscape architect]]: [[Frederick Law Olmsted]]
* [[Minimalism|Minimalist artist]]: [[Donald Judd]] * [[Minimalism|Minimalist artist]]: [[Donald Judd]]
-* [[Mosaic]]s: [[Elaine M Goodwin]] 
* [[Movie director]]: [[Andrei Tarkovsky]] * [[Movie director]]: [[Andrei Tarkovsky]]
* [[Muralist]]: [[Diego Rivera]] * [[Muralist]]: [[Diego Rivera]]
-* [[Musical instrument|Musical instrument maker]]: [[Stradivari]] 
* [[Musician]]: [[John Lennon]] * [[Musician]]: [[John Lennon]]
* [[Novelist]]: [[Charles Dickens]] * [[Novelist]]: [[Charles Dickens]]
Line 122: Line 117:
* [[Artistic inspiration]] * [[Artistic inspiration]]
* [[Artistism]] * [[Artistism]]
 +* [[Genius]]
* [[Patronage]] * [[Patronage]]
 +* [[Romanticism]]
* [[Starving artist]] * [[Starving artist]]
* [[Tortured artist]] * [[Tortured artist]]

Revision as of 20:38, 6 May 2014

Ars Memoriae: The Theatre (1619) - Robert Fludd  “In the illusory babels of language, an artist might advance specifically to get lost, and to intoxicate himself in dizzying syntaxes, seeking odd intersections of meaning, strange corridors of history, unexpected echoes, unknown humors, or voids of knowledge… but this quest is risky, full of bottomless fictions and endless architectures and counter-architectures… at the end, if there is an end, are perhaps only meaningless reverberations.” --Robert Smithson
Enlarge
Ars Memoriae: The Theatre (1619) - Robert Fludd
“In the illusory babels of language, an artist might advance specifically to get lost, and to intoxicate himself in dizzying syntaxes, seeking odd intersections of meaning, strange corridors of history, unexpected echoes, unknown humors, or voids of knowledge… but this quest is risky, full of bottomless fictions and endless architectures and counter-architectures… at the end, if there is an end, are perhaps only meaningless reverberations.” --Robert Smithson
The Poor Poet (1839) is a painting by Carl Spitzweg
Enlarge
The Poor Poet (1839) is a painting by Carl Spitzweg

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The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of activities to do with creating art, practicing the arts and/or demonstrating an art. Debate, both historical and present day, suggests that defining the concept of an artist will continue to be difficult.

Contents

History of the term

Although the Greek word "techně" is often mistranslated as "art," it actually implies mastery of any sort of craft. The Latin-derived form of the word is "tecnicus", from which the English words technique, technology, technical are derived.

In Greek culture each of the nine Muses oversaw a different field of human creation:

No muse was identified with the visual arts of painting and sculpture. In ancient Greece sculptors and painters were held in low regard, somewhere between freemen and slaves, their work regarded as mere manual labour.

The word art is derived from the Latin "ars", which, although literally defined means, "skill method" or "technique", holds a connotation of beauty.

During the Middle Ages the word artist already existed in some countries such as Italy, but the meaning was something resembling craftsman, while the word artesan was still unknown. An artist was someone able to do a work better than others, so the skilled excellency was underlined, rather than the activity field. In this period some "artisanal" products (such as textiles) were much more precious and expensive than paintings or sculptures.

The first division into major and minor arts dates back to Leon Battista Alberti's works (De re aedificatoria, De statua, De pictura), focusing the importance of intellectual skills of the artist rather than the manual skills (even if in other forms of art there was a project behind).

With the Academies in Europe (second half of 16th century) the gap between fine and applied arts was definitely set.

Many contemporary definitions of "artist" and "art" are highly contingent on culture, resisting aesthetic prescription, in much the same way that the features constituting beauty and the beautiful, cannot be standardized easily without corruption into kitsch.

The present day concept of an 'artist'

Artist is a descriptive term applied to a person who engages in an activity deemed to be an art. An artist also may be defined unofficially as "a person who expresses him- or herself through a medium". The word is also used in a qualitative sense of, a person creative in, innovative in, or adept at, an artistic practice.

Most often, the term describes those who create within a context of the fine arts or 'high culture', activities such as drawing, painting, sculpture, acting, dancing, writing, filmmaking, photography, and music—people who use imagination, talent, or skill to create works that may be judged to have an aesthetic value. Art historians and critics define artists as those who produce art within a recognized or recognizable discipline. Contrasting terms for highly-skilled workers in media in the applied arts or decorative arts include artisan, craftsman, and specialized terms such as potter or goldsmith. Fine arts artists such as painters succeeded in the Renaissance in raising their status, formerly similar to these workers, to a decisively higher level, but in the 20th century the distinction became rather less relevant .

The term may be also used loosely or metaphorically to denote highly skilled people in any non-"art" activities, as well— law, medicine, mechanics, or mathematics, for example.

Often, discussions on the subject focus on the differences among "artist" and "technician", "entertainer" and "artisan", "fine art" and "applied art", or what constitutes art and what does not. The French word artiste (which in French, simply means "artist") has been imported into the English language where it means a performer (frequently in Music Hall or Vaudeville). Use of the word "artiste" can also be a pejorative term.

The English word 'artiste' has thus, a narrower range of meaning than the word 'artiste' in French.

Examples of art and artists

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Artist" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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