Attribution (psychology)  

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-'''Attribution theory''' is a [[social psychology]] theory developed by [[Fritz Heider]], [[Harold Kelley]], [[Edward E. Jones]], and [[Lee Ross]]. +In [[social psychology]], '''attribution''' is the process by which individuals explain the causes of behavior and events. Models to explain this process are called '''attribution theory'''. Psychological research into attribution began with the work of [[Fritz Heider]] in the early 20th century, and the theory was further advanced by [[Harold Kelley]] and [[Bernard Weiner]].
-The theory is concerned with the ways in which people explain (or attribute) the behavior of others or themselves (self-attribution) with something else. It explores how individuals "attribute" causes to events and how this cognitive perception affects their usefulness in an organization.+==Background==
 +[[Gestalt psychology|Gestalt psychologist]] [[Fritz Heider]] is often described as the early-20th-century "father of attribution theory".
-== Internal vs. External ==+In his 1920s dissertation, Heider addressed the problem of [[Phenomenology (psychology)|phenomenology]]: why do perceivers attribute the properties such as color to perceived objects, when those properties are mental constructs? Heider's answer that perceivers attribute that which they "directly" sense – vibrations in the air for instance – to an object they construe as causing those sense data. "Perceivers faced with sensory data thus see the perceptual object as 'out there', because they attribute the sensory data to their underlying causes in the world."
-The theory divides the way people attribute [[causes]] to events into two types. +Heider extended this idea to attributions about people: "motives, intentions, sentiments ... the core processes which manifest themselves in overt behavior".
-* "External" or "situational" [[attribution]] assigns causality to an '''outside factor''', such as the [[weather]]. +
-* "Internal" or "dispositional" attribution assigns causality to factors within the '''person''', such as their own level of [[intelligence (trait)|intelligence]] or other variables that make the individual responsible for the event.+
- +
-The [[covariation model]] developed by [[Harold Kelley]] examines how people decide whether an internal or an external attribution will be made.+
- +
-== See also ==+
-* [[Attributional bias]]+
-* [[Causality|causation]]+
-* [[Educational psychology]]+
-* [[Correspondent inference theory]]+
-* [[Locus of control]]+
-* [[Explanatory style]]+
- +
-==References==+
-* Heider, Fritz. (1958). ''The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations''. New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-36833-4+
 +==See also==
 +* [[Abductive reasoning]]
 +* [[Attribution bias]]
 +* [[Living educational theory]]
 +* [[Naïve realism (psychology)|Naïve realism]]
 +* [[Psychological projection]]
 +* [[Trait ascription bias]]
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In social psychology, attribution is the process by which individuals explain the causes of behavior and events. Models to explain this process are called attribution theory. Psychological research into attribution began with the work of Fritz Heider in the early 20th century, and the theory was further advanced by Harold Kelley and Bernard Weiner.

Background

Gestalt psychologist Fritz Heider is often described as the early-20th-century "father of attribution theory".

In his 1920s dissertation, Heider addressed the problem of phenomenology: why do perceivers attribute the properties such as color to perceived objects, when those properties are mental constructs? Heider's answer that perceivers attribute that which they "directly" sense – vibrations in the air for instance – to an object they construe as causing those sense data. "Perceivers faced with sensory data thus see the perceptual object as 'out there', because they attribute the sensory data to their underlying causes in the world."

Heider extended this idea to attributions about people: "motives, intentions, sentiments ... the core processes which manifest themselves in overt behavior".

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Attribution (psychology)" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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