August 31  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
-*[[1056]] - [[List of Byzantine Emperors|Byzantine Empress]] [[Theodora (11th century)|Theodora]] becomes ill, dying suddenly a few days later, without children to succeed the [[throne]], ending the [[Macedonian dynasty]]. 
-*[[1142]] - With the aid of [[Hiawatha]] and [[Deganawidah, The Great Peacemaker]], the [[Iroquois]] tribes establish the Confederation of the [[Haudenosaunee]]. 
-*[[1422]] - [[Henry VI of England|Henry VI]], becomes King of England at the age of 9 months.  
-*[[1803]] - [[Lewis and Clark]] start their expidition from [[Pittsburgh]] at 11 o clock in the morning. 
-*[[1864]] - [[American Civil War]]: [[United States|Union]] forces led by General [[William T. Sherman]] launch an assault on [[Atlanta, Georgia]]. 
-*[[1876]] - [[Ottoman sultan]] [[Murat V]] is deposed and succeeded by his brother [[Abd-ul-Hamid II]]. 
-*[[1886]] - [[Charleston earthquake|Earthquake]] kills 100 in [[Charleston, South Carolina]]. 
-*[[1888]] - [[Mary Ann Nichols]] is murdered. She is the first of [[Jack the Ripper]]'s known victims. 
*[[1897]] - [[Thomas Edison]] patents the [[Kinetoscope]], the first movie projector. *[[1897]] - [[Thomas Edison]] patents the [[Kinetoscope]], the first movie projector.
-*[[1907]] - Count [[Alexander Izvolsky]] and Sir [[Arthur Nicolson]] sign the [[Anglo-Russian Entente|St. Petersburg Convention]], which results in the [[Triple Entente]] [[military alliance|alliance]]. 
-*[[1914]] - [[Ecuador]] becomes a signatory to the [[Buenos Aires Convention|Buenos Aires]] [[copyright]] [[treaty]]. 
-*[[1915]] - [[Brazil]] becomes a signatory to the [[Buenos Aires Convention|Buenos Aires]] [[copyright]] [[treaty]]. 
-*[[1920]] - [[Polish-Bolshevik War]]: A decisive [[Poland|Polish]] victory in the [[Battle of Komarów]]. 
-*1920 - First [[radio]] news program broadcast by station 8MK in [[Detroit, Michigan]]. 
-*[[1939]] - [[Nazi Germany]] mounts a staged [[Gleiwitz incident|attack on Gleiwitz radio station]], giving them an excuse to attack [[Poland]] the following day, starting [[European Theatre of World War II|World War II in Europe]]. 
-*[[1942]] - In [[Ternopil]], western [[Ukraine]], at 4.30 am, [[Germany|German]] [[SS]] organise the first deportation of [[Jews]] from [[Ternopil]] [[ghetto]] to death camp in [[Belzec]], about 5,000 [[Jews]] were deported to face death in [[Belzec]]. When the [[Germans]] captured [[Ternopil]], about 18,000 [[Jews]] lived in the city.  
-*[[1943]] - The [[USS Harmon (DE-678)|USS ''Harmon'']], the first [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] ship to be named for a black person, is commissioned. 
-*[[1945]] - The [[Liberal Party of Australia]] is founded by [[Robert Menzies]]. 
-*[[1948]] - [[Actor]] [[Robert Mitchum]] was arrested in a [[Hollywood]] drug raid. He would later be found guilty of criminal conspiracy to possess [[cannabis (drug)|marijuana]] and was sentenced to 60 days in prison. 
-*[[1957]] - The [[Federation of Malaya]] gains its independence from the [[United Kingdom]]. 
-*[[1962]] - [[Trinidad and Tobago]] become independent. 
-*[[1963]] - [[Walter Cronkite]] began his stint as anchor of the ''[[CBS Evening News]]''. 
-*[[1965]] - The [[Aero Spacelines Super Guppy]] [[Aircraft]] makes its first flight. 
-*[[1968]] - [[Garfield Sobers]] becomes the first cricketer to hit 6 sixes in one over. 
-*[[1978]] - William and [[Emily Harris]], founders of the [[Symbionese Liberation Army]], plead guilty to the 1974 kidnapping of newspaper heiress [[Patricia Hearst]]. 
-*[[1980]] - The [[Gdańsk Agreement]] is signed. 
-*[[1986]] - [[Aeroméxico Flight 498]] collides with a [[Piper Cherokee|Piper PA-28]] over [[Cerritos, California|Cerritos]], [[California]], killing 67 in the air and 15 on the ground. 
-* 1986 - The [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] passenger liner ''[[Admiral Nakhimov (ship)|Admiral Nakhimov]]'' sinks in the [[Black Sea]] after colliding with the bulk carrier ''[[Pyotr Vasev]]'', killing 423. 
-*[[1991]] - [[Kyrgyzstan]] declares its independence from the [[Soviet Union]]. 
-*[[1992]] - [[Pascal Lissouba]] is inaugurated as the President of the [[Republic of the Congo]] . 
-*[[1994]] - The [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] declares a [[ceasefire]]. 
-*[[1997]] - [[Diana, Princess of Wales]], dies in a [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|car crash]] in [[Paris]]. 
-*[[1998]] - [[North Korea]] reportedly launches ''[[Kwangmyongsong]]'', its first [[artificial satellite|satellite]].  
-*[[1999]] - The first of a series of [[Russian Apartment Bombings]] in [[Moscow]], killing one person and wounding 40 others. 
-*[[1999]] - A [[LAPA]] [[Boeing 737]]-200 [[LAPA flight 3142|crashes during takeoff]] from [[Aeroparque Jorge Newbery|Jorge Newbury Airport]] in [[Buenos Aires]], killing 65, including 2 on the ground. 
-*[[2005]] - A [[Baghdad bridge stampede|stampede]] on [[Al-Aaimmah bridge]] in [[Baghdad]] kills 1,199 people. 
*[[2006]] - Stolen on [[August 22]], [[2004]], [[Edvard Munch]]'s famous painting [[The Scream]] was recovered from a raid by [[Norway|Norwegian]] police. The paintings were said to be in a better-than-expected condition. *[[2006]] - Stolen on [[August 22]], [[2004]], [[Edvard Munch]]'s famous painting [[The Scream]] was recovered from a raid by [[Norway|Norwegian]] police. The paintings were said to be in a better-than-expected condition.

Revision as of 16:59, 7 November 2007

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  1. Charles Baudelaire
  2. Matthias Grünewald
  3. Georges Braque
  4. Raoul Ubac
  5. Alma Mahler
  6. Gérard Pirès
  7. Harley Granville-Barker 
   * Raymond Williams
   * Henry Moore
   * George Kuchar
  1. The Threepenny Opera
  2. Eldridge Cleaver
  3. John Bunyan
  4. Van Morrison


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