Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
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| - | '''Alfred Leopold Isidor Kubin''' ([[April 10]], [[1877]] – [[August 20]], [[1959]]) was an [[Austria]]n [[visual artist]] of [[macabre]] and [[fantastic art]], as well as an occasional and often [[dystopian]] [[writer]]. A number of artists take inspiration in Kubin’s work: [[Roland Topor]], [[Arnulf Reiner]], [[Franz Blaas]], [[Joe Coleman]], [[Francis Bacon (painter)|Francis Bacon]] and [[Joel-Peter Witkin]]. | ||
| - | ==Biography== | ||
| - | Kubin was born in [[Bohemia]] in the town of [[Litoměřice]], which was then part of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]]. From 1892 to 1896, he was apprenticed to the [[Landscape photography|landscape photographer]] Alois Beer, although he learned little. In 1898, Kubin began a period of artistic study at a private academy run by the painter Ludwig Schmitt-Reutte, before enrolling at the [[Academy of Fine Arts Munich|Munich Academy]] in 1899, without finishing his studies there. In Munich, Kubin discovered the works of [[Odilon Redon]], [[Edvard Munch]], [[James Ensor]], [[Henry de Groux]] and [[Félicien Rops]]. He was profoundly affected by the prints of [[Max Klinger]], and later recounted: "Here a new art was thrown open to me, which offered free play for the imaginative expression of every conceivable world of feeling. Before putting the engravings away I swore that I would dedicate my life to the creation of similar works". The [[aquatint]] technique used by Klinger and [[Francisco Goya|Goya]] influenced the style of his works of this period, which are mainly ink and [[wash (painting)|wash]] drawings of fantastical, often macabre subjects. Kubin produced a small number of oil paintings in the years between 1902 and 1910, but thereafter his output consisted of [[quill|pen and ink]] [[drawings]], [[watercolor]]s, and [[lithograph]]s. In 1911, he became associated with the ''[[Blaue Reiter]]'' group, and exhibited with them in the ''[[Der Sturm|Galerie Der Sturm]]'' exhibition in Berlin in 1913. After that time, he lost contact with the artistic avant-garde. | ||
| - | He is considered an important representative of [[Symbolism (arts)|Symbolism]] and [[Expressionism]], noted for dark, spectral, symbolic fantasies (often assembled into thematic series of drawings). Like [[Oskar Kokoschka]] and [[Albert Paris Gütersloh]], Kubin had both artistic and literary talent. He illustrated works by [[Edgar Allan Poe]], [[E.T.A. Hoffmann]], [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]] and others. He was also the author of several books, the best known being his [[novel]] ''Die Andere Seite'' (''[[The Other Side]]'') ([[1909 in literature|1909]]), an [[apocalyptic]] [[fantasy]] set in an oppressive imaginary land which has an atmosphere of [[claustrophobia|claustrophobic]] [[absurdity]] reminiscent of the writings of [[Franz Kafka]]. | + | The '''Austrian Decoration for Science and Art''' (German: ''Österreichisches Ehrenzeichen für Wissenschaft und Kunst'') is a [[state decoration]] of the [[Republic of Austria]] and forms part of the [[honours system in the Republic of Austria|national honours system of that country]]. |
| - | His literary works also include: | + | == History == |
| - | * ''The Looking Box'', [[1925 in literature|1925]]; | + | [[File:AustriaDecScArt.jpg|thumb|Decoration; Cross of Honour 1st Class; Cross of Honour (top to bottom)]] |
| - | * ''Of the Desk of a Draughtsman'', [[1939 in literature|1939]]; | + | The "Austrian Decoration for Science and Art" was established by the [[National Council of Austria|National Council]] as a honour for [[scientific]] or [[artistic]] achievements by Federal Law of May 1955 (Federal Law Gazette No. 96/1955 as amended BGBl I No 128/2001). At the same time, the National Council also established the "Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art", which is awarded as "Cross of Honour, First Class" (German: ''Ehrenkreuz 1. Klasse'') and "Cross of Honour" (German: ''Ehrenkreuz''). While not technically counted as lower classes of the Decoration for Science and Art, these crosses are nevertheless affiliated with it. |
| - | * ''Adventure of an Indication Feather/Spring'', [[1941 in literature|1941]]; | + | |
| - | * ''Sober Balladen'', [[1949 in literature|1949]]; | + | |
| - | * ''Evening-red'', [[1950 in literature|1950]]; | + | |
| - | * ''Fantasies in the Boehmerwald'', [[1951 in literature|1951]]; | + | |
| - | * ''Daemons and Night Faces'', [[1959 in literature|1959]] ([[autobiography]]). | + | |
| - | From 1906 until his death, he lived a withdrawn life in a small castle on a twelfth century estate in [[Zwickledt]], Upper Austria. In 1938, at the [[Anschluss]] of Austria and [[Nazi Germany]], his work was declared [[entartete Kunst]] ('degenerate art'), but he managed to go on working during World War II. Kubin was awarded the [[Great Austrian State Prize]] in 1951, and the [[Austrian Decoration for Science and Art]] in 1957. | + | ==Divisions== |
| + | === Decoration for Science and Art === | ||
| + | The number of living recipients of the Decoration for Science and Art is limited to a maximum of 72 at any one time (36 recipients for science and 36 for arts). In each of these two groups there are 18 Austrian cititzens and 18 foreign nationals. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Cross of Honour for Science and Art, First Class === | ||
| + | There are no limits on the number of recipients. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Cross of Honour for Science and Art=== | ||
| + | There are no limits on the number of recipients. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Recipients == | ||
| + | === Decoration for Science and Art === | ||
| + | *2006: [[Bruno Ganz]], actor; [[Stephen Toulmin]], philosopher; [[Christian Meier]], historian; [[Pierre Soulages]], painter; [[Michael Mitterauer]], historian | ||
| + | *2005: [[Václav Havel]], writer, dissident and former president of the Czech Republic; [[Christian Ludwig Attersee]], painter; [[Eric Kandel]], doctor; [[Peter Palese]], virologist | ||
| + | *2004: [[Klaus Wolff]], dermatologist | ||
| + | *2003: [[Hermann Fillitz]], art historian; [[Wolfgang Schmidt (mathematician)|Wolfgang Schmidt]], mathematician | ||
| + | *2002: [[Arik Brauer]], painter, poet and singer; [[Peter Wolf (composer)|Peter Wolf]], Austrian-born producer and composer; [[Eugen Biser]], religious philosopher; [[Horst Dreier]], legal philosopher; [[Elliott H. Lieb]], physicist and mathematician; [[Bogdan Bogdanović]], architect | ||
| + | *2001: [[Anton Zeilinger]], experimental physicist | ||
| + | *2000: [[Paul Kirchhof]], constitutional and tax lawyer; [[Hans Müllejans]], provost; [[Herwig Wolfram]], historian; [[Gerardo Broggini]], lawyer | ||
| + | *1999: [[Carl Pruscha]], architect; [[Elisabeth Lichtenberger]], geographer; [[Karl Acham]], sociologist; [[Walter Kohn]], physicist | ||
| + | *1998: [[Helmut Denk]], pathologist | ||
| + | *1997: [[Bruno Gironcoli]], artist; [[Kurt Schwertsik]], composer; [[Hans Hass]], biologist; [[Robert Walter (jurist)|Robert Walter]], jurist; [[Albrecht Dihle]], classical philologist; [[Cassos Karageorghis]], archaeologist | ||
| + | *1996: [[Siegfried Josef Bauer]], meteorologist and geophysicist | ||
| + | *1995: [[Horst Stein]], conductor | ||
| + | *1994: [[Josef Mikl]], painter | ||
| + | *1993: [[Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky]], architect; [[Peter Schuster]], chemist; [[Gottfried Biegelmeier]], physicist; [[Walter Thirring]], physicist; [[Albrecht Eschenmoser]], chemist; [[Albrecht Schöne]], philologist; [[Günther Wilke]], chemist | ||
| + | *1992: [[Carlos Kleiber]], conductor; [[Krzysztof Penderecki]], composer | ||
| + | *1991: [[H.C. Artmann]], writer | ||
| + | *1990: [[Ernst Jandl]], writer; [[Hans Hollein]], architect | ||
| + | *1988: [[Dietmar Grieser]], author and journalist | ||
| + | *1987: [[Friederike Mayröcker]], writer | ||
| + | *1986: [[Johann Jascha]], artist | ||
| + | *1985: [[Erika Mitterer]], writer | ||
| + | *1983: [[Hans Plank]], painter | ||
| + | *1982: [[Heinrich Harrer]], mountaineer; [[Jacqueline de Romilly]], philologist | ||
| + | *1981: [[Gertrud Fussenegger]], writer; [[Werner Berg]], painter | ||
| + | *1980: [[Alfred Uhl]] and [[Marcel Rubin]], composer; [[Fritz Hochwälder]], writer; [[Karl Popper]], philosopher and science theorist | ||
| + | *1979: [[Roland Rainer]], architect; [[Max Weiler]], artist | ||
| + | *1978: [[Hans Nowotny]], chemist | ||
| + | *1977: [[Ernst Schönwiese]], writer | ||
| + | *1976: [[Friedrich Torberg]], writer and translator; [[Manfred Eigen]], chemist | ||
| + | *1975: [[Hans Tuppy]], biochemist; [[Robert Stolz]], composer | ||
| + | *1974: [[Gottfried von Einem]], composer | ||
| + | *1972: [[Elias Canetti]], writer | ||
| + | *1971: [[Fritz Wotruba]], architect and artist | ||
| + | *1967: [[Karl Heinrich Waggerl]], writer | ||
| + | *1966: [[Ludwig von Ficker]], writer and publisher | ||
| + | *1964: [[Edmund Hlawka]], mathematician; [[Ernst Lothar]], writer and director | ||
| + | *1961: [[Herbert von Karajan]], conductor; [[Rudolf von Laun]], international lawyer | ||
| + | *1960: [[O. W. Fischer]], actor | ||
| + | *1959: [[Otto Hahn]], atomic physicist, Nobel laureate; [[Max Mell]], writer | ||
| + | *1957: [[Clemens Holzmeister]], architect | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Cross (and Cross 1st Class) === | ||
| + | *2010: [[Boris Pahor]], Slovene writer; | ||
| + | *2009: [[Grita Insam]], gallerist; [[Hans Werner Scheidl]], journalist and author; [[Stefan Größing]], sports scientists; [[Bruno Mamoli]], specialist in neurology and psychiatry | ||
| + | *2008: [[Gerhard Haszprunar]], Zoologe;[[Ernst von Glasersfeld]], Austro-American constructivist, [[Michael Ludwig]], [[Michael Kaufmann]], manager of German culture; [[Reinhard Putz]], anatomist; [[Jessye Norman]], American soprano; [[Hannes Androsch]], Finance Minister and Vice Chancellor a.D. | ||
| + | *2007: [[Herbert W. Franke]], scientist, writer, artist; [[Hans Walter Lack]], botanist; [[Josef Burg (writer)|Josef Burg]], writer; [[Reginald Vospernik]], high school director; [[Nuria Nono-Schönberg]], [[Lawrence Schönberg]], [[Ronald Schönberg]], the three children of Arnold Schoenberg | ||
| + | *2006: [[Peter Ruzicka]], German composer and artistic director, [[Lothar Bruckmeier]], painter | ||
| + | *2005: [[Gottfried Kumpf]], painter, architect, sculptor, [[Georg Ratzinger (Kirchenmusiker)|Georg Ratzinger]], choirmaster, [[Heinz Zemanek]], computer pioneer | ||
| + | *2004: [[Oswald Oberhuber]], artist | ||
| + | *2003: [[Erich Schleyer]], actor and author, [[Günther Granser]], economist | ||
| + | *2002: [[Fabio Luisi]], Italian conductor, [[Kurt Rudolf Fischer]], philosopher, [[Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik]], philosopher; [[John Ross (chemist)|John Ross]], chemist; [[Seiji Ozawa]], conductor | ||
| + | *2001: [[Klaus-Peter Sattler]], composer, [[Hermann Maurer (computer scientist)|Hermann Maurer]], computer scientist, [[Walter Homolka]], rabbi; [[Hannspeter Winter]], physicist; [[Johann Grander]], inventor. | ||
| + | *1999: [[Peter Simonischek]], actor | ||
| + | *1998: [[Senta Berger]], actress, [[Kiki Kogelnik]], artist (posthumously awarded) | ||
| + | *1997: [[Herbert Willi]], composer; [[Lucian O. Meysels]], author; [[Ernest Manheim]], American sociologist of Hungarian origin | ||
| + | *1996: [[Ronald S. Calinger]], American historian of Mathematics | ||
| + | *1989: [[Norbert Pawlicki]], pianist and composer | ||
| + | *1987: [[Alois Hergouth]], writer and poet | ||
| + | *1984: [[Frank Sinatra]], singer and actor, [[Fritz Muliar]], actor and director, [[Ludwig Schwarzer]], painter | ||
| + | *1983: [[Walter Bitterlich]], forest scientist, [[Wolf Häfele]], physicist | ||
| + | *1980: [[Alfred Uhl]], composer | ||
| + | *1977: [[Wolfgang Rehm]], musicologist | ||
| + | *1976: [[Wolfgang Mayer König]], writer | ||
| + | *1974: [[Erika Mitterer]], writer; [[Marcel Rubin]], composer; [[Arthur Hilton]], chemist, | ||
| + | *1971: [[Gustav Zelibor]], pianist and conductor | ||
| + | *1961: [[Günther Baszel]], artist; [[Ernst Lothar]], author and director | ||
| + | *1960: [[Karl Schiske]], composer | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Forfeiture === | ||
| + | Forfeiture of this honour became possible with Federal Law Gazette I No 128/2001, changing Act § 8a. It allows the government to strip recipients of their honours if deemed unworthy. The best known example of such a forfeiture is of the Nazi physician [[Heinrich Gross]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | On August 5, 2008 the Austrian Science Minister [[Johannes Hahn]] decided not to withdraw the award from inventor [[Johann Grander]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}} - see also wikipedia German version and see also Austrian ministry | ||
| - | ==References== | ||
| - | *Die Andere Seite. ISBN 3-499-13771-2 | ||
| - | *A. Marks, the Illustrator A.Kubin, union catalog of his illustrations and book-artistic work, 1978 | ||
| - | *G. of Zon, Word and Picture, 1991; Upper Austrian national gallery (Hg), A. Kubin 1877-1959, 1995 (with list of works) | ||
| - | *P. Assmann and A. Hoberg, A. Kubin, art relations, 1995; A. Hoberg and Ith angel man, A.Kubin - the lithographic work, 1999; New German Biographie. | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 14:54, 26 May 2010
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The Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (German: Österreichisches Ehrenzeichen für Wissenschaft und Kunst) is a state decoration of the Republic of Austria and forms part of the national honours system of that country.
Contents |
History
thumb|Decoration; Cross of Honour 1st Class; Cross of Honour (top to bottom) The "Austrian Decoration for Science and Art" was established by the National Council as a honour for scientific or artistic achievements by Federal Law of May 1955 (Federal Law Gazette No. 96/1955 as amended BGBl I No 128/2001). At the same time, the National Council also established the "Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art", which is awarded as "Cross of Honour, First Class" (German: Ehrenkreuz 1. Klasse) and "Cross of Honour" (German: Ehrenkreuz). While not technically counted as lower classes of the Decoration for Science and Art, these crosses are nevertheless affiliated with it.
Divisions
Decoration for Science and Art
The number of living recipients of the Decoration for Science and Art is limited to a maximum of 72 at any one time (36 recipients for science and 36 for arts). In each of these two groups there are 18 Austrian cititzens and 18 foreign nationals.
Cross of Honour for Science and Art, First Class
There are no limits on the number of recipients.
Cross of Honour for Science and Art
There are no limits on the number of recipients.
Recipients
Decoration for Science and Art
- 2006: Bruno Ganz, actor; Stephen Toulmin, philosopher; Christian Meier, historian; Pierre Soulages, painter; Michael Mitterauer, historian
- 2005: Václav Havel, writer, dissident and former president of the Czech Republic; Christian Ludwig Attersee, painter; Eric Kandel, doctor; Peter Palese, virologist
- 2004: Klaus Wolff, dermatologist
- 2003: Hermann Fillitz, art historian; Wolfgang Schmidt, mathematician
- 2002: Arik Brauer, painter, poet and singer; Peter Wolf, Austrian-born producer and composer; Eugen Biser, religious philosopher; Horst Dreier, legal philosopher; Elliott H. Lieb, physicist and mathematician; Bogdan Bogdanović, architect
- 2001: Anton Zeilinger, experimental physicist
- 2000: Paul Kirchhof, constitutional and tax lawyer; Hans Müllejans, provost; Herwig Wolfram, historian; Gerardo Broggini, lawyer
- 1999: Carl Pruscha, architect; Elisabeth Lichtenberger, geographer; Karl Acham, sociologist; Walter Kohn, physicist
- 1998: Helmut Denk, pathologist
- 1997: Bruno Gironcoli, artist; Kurt Schwertsik, composer; Hans Hass, biologist; Robert Walter, jurist; Albrecht Dihle, classical philologist; Cassos Karageorghis, archaeologist
- 1996: Siegfried Josef Bauer, meteorologist and geophysicist
- 1995: Horst Stein, conductor
- 1994: Josef Mikl, painter
- 1993: Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, architect; Peter Schuster, chemist; Gottfried Biegelmeier, physicist; Walter Thirring, physicist; Albrecht Eschenmoser, chemist; Albrecht Schöne, philologist; Günther Wilke, chemist
- 1992: Carlos Kleiber, conductor; Krzysztof Penderecki, composer
- 1991: H.C. Artmann, writer
- 1990: Ernst Jandl, writer; Hans Hollein, architect
- 1988: Dietmar Grieser, author and journalist
- 1987: Friederike Mayröcker, writer
- 1986: Johann Jascha, artist
- 1985: Erika Mitterer, writer
- 1983: Hans Plank, painter
- 1982: Heinrich Harrer, mountaineer; Jacqueline de Romilly, philologist
- 1981: Gertrud Fussenegger, writer; Werner Berg, painter
- 1980: Alfred Uhl and Marcel Rubin, composer; Fritz Hochwälder, writer; Karl Popper, philosopher and science theorist
- 1979: Roland Rainer, architect; Max Weiler, artist
- 1978: Hans Nowotny, chemist
- 1977: Ernst Schönwiese, writer
- 1976: Friedrich Torberg, writer and translator; Manfred Eigen, chemist
- 1975: Hans Tuppy, biochemist; Robert Stolz, composer
- 1974: Gottfried von Einem, composer
- 1972: Elias Canetti, writer
- 1971: Fritz Wotruba, architect and artist
- 1967: Karl Heinrich Waggerl, writer
- 1966: Ludwig von Ficker, writer and publisher
- 1964: Edmund Hlawka, mathematician; Ernst Lothar, writer and director
- 1961: Herbert von Karajan, conductor; Rudolf von Laun, international lawyer
- 1960: O. W. Fischer, actor
- 1959: Otto Hahn, atomic physicist, Nobel laureate; Max Mell, writer
- 1957: Clemens Holzmeister, architect
Cross (and Cross 1st Class)
- 2010: Boris Pahor, Slovene writer;
- 2009: Grita Insam, gallerist; Hans Werner Scheidl, journalist and author; Stefan Größing, sports scientists; Bruno Mamoli, specialist in neurology and psychiatry
- 2008: Gerhard Haszprunar, Zoologe;Ernst von Glasersfeld, Austro-American constructivist, Michael Ludwig, Michael Kaufmann, manager of German culture; Reinhard Putz, anatomist; Jessye Norman, American soprano; Hannes Androsch, Finance Minister and Vice Chancellor a.D.
- 2007: Herbert W. Franke, scientist, writer, artist; Hans Walter Lack, botanist; Josef Burg, writer; Reginald Vospernik, high school director; Nuria Nono-Schönberg, Lawrence Schönberg, Ronald Schönberg, the three children of Arnold Schoenberg
- 2006: Peter Ruzicka, German composer and artistic director, Lothar Bruckmeier, painter
- 2005: Gottfried Kumpf, painter, architect, sculptor, Georg Ratzinger, choirmaster, Heinz Zemanek, computer pioneer
- 2004: Oswald Oberhuber, artist
- 2003: Erich Schleyer, actor and author, Günther Granser, economist
- 2002: Fabio Luisi, Italian conductor, Kurt Rudolf Fischer, philosopher, Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik, philosopher; John Ross, chemist; Seiji Ozawa, conductor
- 2001: Klaus-Peter Sattler, composer, Hermann Maurer, computer scientist, Walter Homolka, rabbi; Hannspeter Winter, physicist; Johann Grander, inventor.
- 1999: Peter Simonischek, actor
- 1998: Senta Berger, actress, Kiki Kogelnik, artist (posthumously awarded)
- 1997: Herbert Willi, composer; Lucian O. Meysels, author; Ernest Manheim, American sociologist of Hungarian origin
- 1996: Ronald S. Calinger, American historian of Mathematics
- 1989: Norbert Pawlicki, pianist and composer
- 1987: Alois Hergouth, writer and poet
- 1984: Frank Sinatra, singer and actor, Fritz Muliar, actor and director, Ludwig Schwarzer, painter
- 1983: Walter Bitterlich, forest scientist, Wolf Häfele, physicist
- 1980: Alfred Uhl, composer
- 1977: Wolfgang Rehm, musicologist
- 1976: Wolfgang Mayer König, writer
- 1974: Erika Mitterer, writer; Marcel Rubin, composer; Arthur Hilton, chemist,
- 1971: Gustav Zelibor, pianist and conductor
- 1961: Günther Baszel, artist; Ernst Lothar, author and director
- 1960: Karl Schiske, composer
Forfeiture
Forfeiture of this honour became possible with Federal Law Gazette I No 128/2001, changing Act § 8a. It allows the government to strip recipients of their honours if deemed unworthy. The best known example of such a forfeiture is of the Nazi physician Heinrich Gross.Template:Citation needed
On August 5, 2008 the Austrian Science Minister Johannes Hahn decided not to withdraw the award from inventor Johann Grander.Template:Citation needed - see also wikipedia German version and see also Austrian ministry
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Austrian Decoration for Science and Art" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
