Ayman al-Zawahiri
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| + | "At the end of 1980, [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], with a number of other followers of [[Qutb]] who had formed cells, came together. They created an organization they called Islamic [[Jihad]]. Its leader was a man called [[Abdel Salam Faraj]]. And Faraj argued that they should kill [[Sadat]] in a spectacular way that would shock the masses."--''[[The Power of Nightmares]]'' (2004) by Adam Curtis | ||
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| - | '''Ayman Mohammed Rabie al-Zawahiri''' (born June 19, 1951) is the current leader of [[al-Qaeda]] and a current or former member and senior official of [[Islamist]] organizations which have orchestrated and carried out [[Offensive (military)|attacks]] in [[North America]], [[Asia]], [[Africa]], and the [[Middle East]]. In 2012, he called on [[Muslims]] to [[Kidnapping|kidnap]] Western tourists in [[Muslim countries]]. | + | '''Ayman al-Zawahiri''' (1951 – 2022) was an Egyptian-born [[Islamic terrorism|terrorist]] and physician who served as the second [[emir]] of [[al-Qaeda]] from June 16, 2011, until his death. |
| - | Since the [[September 11 attacks]], the [[U.S. State Department]] has offered a [[United States dollar|US$]]25 million reward for [[Informant|information]] or [[Military intelligence#The intelligence process|intelligence]] leading to al-Zawahiri's capture. He is under [[International sanctions|worldwide sanctions]] by the [[Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee]] as a member of al-Qaeda. | + | Al-Zawahiri graduated from [[Cairo University]] with a degree in medicine and a master's degree in surgery and was a surgeon by profession. He became a leading figure in the [[Egyptian Islamic Jihad]], an Egyptian [[Islamism|Islamist]] organization, and eventually attained the rank of emir. He was imprisoned from 1981 to 1984 for his role in the [[Assassination of Anwar Sadat|assassination]] of Egyptian President [[Anwar Sadat]]. His actions against the Egyptian government, including his planning of the 1995 [[Attack on the Egyptian Embassy in Pakistan|attack on the Egyptian Embassy in Pakistan]], resulted in him being sentenced to death ''[[in absentia]]'' during the 1999 "[[Returnees from Albania]]" trial. |
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| + | A close associate of al-Qaeda leader [[Osama bin Laden]], al-Zawahiri held significant sway over the group's operations. Al-Zawahiri was wanted by the United States and the United Nations, respectively, for his role in the [[1998 United States embassy bombings|1998 U.S. embassy bombings]] in Kenya and Tanzania and in the [[2002 Bali bombings]]. He merged the Egyptian Islamic Jihad with al-Qaeda in 2001 and formally became bin Laden's deputy in 2004. He succeeded bin Laden as al-Qaeda's leader after [[Killing of Osama bin Laden|bin Laden's death]] in 2011. In May 2011, the U.S. announced a $25 million bounty for information leading to his capture. | ||
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| + | On July 31, 2022, al-Zawahiri was [[Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri|killed]] in a U.S. [[drone strike]] in Afghanistan. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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"At the end of 1980, Ayman al-Zawahiri, with a number of other followers of Qutb who had formed cells, came together. They created an organization they called Islamic Jihad. Its leader was a man called Abdel Salam Faraj. And Faraj argued that they should kill Sadat in a spectacular way that would shock the masses."--The Power of Nightmares (2004) by Adam Curtis |
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Ayman al-Zawahiri (1951 – 2022) was an Egyptian-born terrorist and physician who served as the second emir of al-Qaeda from June 16, 2011, until his death.
Al-Zawahiri graduated from Cairo University with a degree in medicine and a master's degree in surgery and was a surgeon by profession. He became a leading figure in the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, an Egyptian Islamist organization, and eventually attained the rank of emir. He was imprisoned from 1981 to 1984 for his role in the assassination of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat. His actions against the Egyptian government, including his planning of the 1995 attack on the Egyptian Embassy in Pakistan, resulted in him being sentenced to death in absentia during the 1999 "Returnees from Albania" trial.
A close associate of al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden, al-Zawahiri held significant sway over the group's operations. Al-Zawahiri was wanted by the United States and the United Nations, respectively, for his role in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania and in the 2002 Bali bombings. He merged the Egyptian Islamic Jihad with al-Qaeda in 2001 and formally became bin Laden's deputy in 2004. He succeeded bin Laden as al-Qaeda's leader after bin Laden's death in 2011. In May 2011, the U.S. announced a $25 million bounty for information leading to his capture.
On July 31, 2022, al-Zawahiri was killed in a U.S. drone strike in Afghanistan.
See also
- Egyptian Islamic Jihad
- FBI Most Wanted Terrorists
- Sayyed Imam Al-Sharif
- Messages of Ayman al-Zawahiri
- Messages of Osama bin Laden
- Operation Gladio B
- Cartoon Wars Part II (South Park)
- The Power of Nightmares
