Ayman al-Zawahiri
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
(Difference between revisions)
| Revision as of 20:28, 12 February 2018 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) ← Previous diff |
Revision as of 20:33, 12 February 2018 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) Next diff → |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | === Part 1: "Baby It's Cold Outside" === | + | '''Ayman Mohammed Rabie al-Zawahiri'''<ref>al-Zawahiri is also sometimes transliterated '''al-Dhawahiri''' to reflect normative [[classical Arabic]] pronunciation beginning with {{IPA|/}}{{IPA link|ð}}{{IPA link|ˤ}}{{IPA|/}}. The [[Egyptian Arabic]] pronunciation is {{IPA-arz|ˈʔæjmæn mæˈħæmmæd ɾɑˈbiːʕ ez.zˤɑˈwɑhɾi|}}; approximately: ''Ayman Mahammad Rabi Elzawahri.''</ref> ({{lang-ar|أيمن محمد ربيع الظواهري}}{{spaces|2}}''{{transl|ar|DIN|ʾ[[Ayman]] [[Muhammad (name)|Muḥammad]] Rabīʿ [[Zawahiri|aẓ-Ẓawāhirī]]}}'', born June 19, 1951)<ref name="FBI Most Wanted Terrorists">{{cite web|title=Ayman al-Zawahiri|url=https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/ayman-al-zawahiri/view|website=FBI Most Wanted Terrorists}}</ref> is the current leader of [[al-Qaeda]] and a current<ref name=bbc16jun11>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13788594|title=Ayman al-Zawahiri appointed as al-Qaeda leader|date=June 16, 2011|publisher=|accessdate=April 28, 2017|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> or former member and senior official of [[Islamist]] organizations which have orchestrated and carried out [[Offensive (military)|attacks]] in [[North America]], [[Asia]], [[Africa]], and the [[Middle East]]. In 2012, he called on [[Muslims]] to [[Kidnapping|kidnap]] Western tourists in [[Muslim countries]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/10/27/world/asia/al-qaeda-kidnap-threat/ | work=CNN | title=Al Qaeda leader calls for kidnapping of Westerners - CNN.com | date=October 29, 2012}}</ref> |
| - | The first part of the series explains the origin of [[Islamism]] and [[Neo-Conservatism]]. It shows [[Egypt]]ian civil servant [[Sayyid Qutb]], depicted as the founder of modern Islamist thought, visiting the U.S. to learn about the education system, but becoming disgusted with what he saw as a corruption of morals and virtues in western society through [[individualism]]. When he returns to Egypt, he is disturbed by [[westernization|westernisation]] under [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] and becomes convinced that in order to save society it must be completely restructured along the lines of [[Sharia|Islamic law]] while still using western technology. He also becomes convinced that this can only be accomplished through the use of an elite "vanguard" to lead a revolution against the established order. Qutb becomes a leader of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] and, after being tortured in one of Nasser's jails, comes to believe that western-influenced leaders can justly be killed for the sake of removing their corruption. Qutb is executed in 1966, but he influences the future mentor of [[Osama bin Laden]], [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], to start his own secret Islamist group. Inspired by the [[1979 Iranian revolution]], Zawahiri and his allies assassinate Egyptian president [[Anwar Al Sadat]], in 1981, in hopes of starting their own revolution. The revolution does not materialise, and Zawahiri comes to believe that the majority of Muslims have been corrupted not only by their western-inspired leaders, but Muslims themselves have been affected by [[jahilliyah]] and thus both may be legitimate targets of violence if they do not join him. They continued to have the belief that a vanguard was necessary to rise up and overthrow the corrupt regime and replace it with a pure Islamist state. | + | |
| - | At the same time in the United States, a group of disillusioned liberals, including [[Irving Kristol]] and [[Paul Wolfowitz]], look to the political thinking of [[Leo Strauss]] after the perceived failure of [[Lyndon Johnson|President Johnson's]] "[[Great Society]]". They come to the conclusion that the emphasis on individual liberty was the undoing of the plan. They envisioned restructuring America by uniting the American people against a common evil, and set about creating a mythical enemy. These factions, the Neo-Conservatives, came to power under the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] administration, with their allies [[Dick Cheney]] and [[Donald Rumsfeld]], and work to unite the United States in fear of the Soviet Union. The Neo-Conservatives allege the Soviet Union is not following the terms of disarmament between the two countries, and, with the investigation of "[[Team B]]", they accumulate a case to prove this with dubious evidence and methods. President Reagan is convinced nonetheless. | + | Since the [[September 11 attacks]], the [[U.S. State Department]] has offered a [[United States dollar|US$]]25 million reward for [[Informant|information]] or [[Military intelligence#The intelligence process|intelligence]] leading to al-Zawahiri's capture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/people/shows/zawahiri/profile.html|title=CNN Programs – People in the News|publisher=|accessdate=April 28, 2017}}</ref> He is under [[International sanctions|worldwide sanctions]] by the [[Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee]] as a member of al-Qaeda.<ref name=refUN>[https://www.un.org/Docs/sc/committees/1267/tablelist.htm UN list of affiliates of al-Qaeda and the Taliban] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060728143814/http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/committees/1267/tablelist.htm |date=July 28, 2006 }}</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | *[[Egyptian Islamic Jihad]] | ||
| + | *[[FBI Most Wanted Terrorists]] | ||
| + | *[[Sayyed Imam Al-Sharif]] | ||
| + | *[[Messages of Ayman al-Zawahiri]] | ||
| + | *[[Messages of Osama bin Laden]] | ||
| + | *[[Operation Gladio B]] | ||
| + | *[[Cartoon Wars Part II]] (South Park) | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 20:33, 12 February 2018
|
Related e |
|
Featured: |
Ayman Mohammed Rabie al-Zawahiri<ref>al-Zawahiri is also sometimes transliterated al-Dhawahiri to reflect normative classical Arabic pronunciation beginning with Template:IPATemplate:IPA linkTemplate:IPA linkTemplate:IPA. The Egyptian Arabic pronunciation is Template:IPA-arz; approximately: Ayman Mahammad Rabi Elzawahri.</ref> (Template:Lang-arTemplate:SpacesTemplate:Transl, born June 19, 1951)<ref name="FBI Most Wanted Terrorists">{{
- if: {{#if: https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/ayman-al-zawahiri/view | {{#if: Ayman al-Zawahiri |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}}
||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted
}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if:
| [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if:
| {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }}
| {{{author}}}
}}]]
| {{#if:
| {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }}
| {{{author}}}
}}
}}
}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}
}}{{#if: |
{{#if:
| ({{{date}}})
| {{#if:
| {{#if:
| ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
| ({{{year}}})
}}
}}
|}}
}}{{#if:
| . }}{{
#if:
| {{{editor}}}:
}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Ayman al-Zawahiri | [{{{archiveurl}}} Ayman al-Zawahiri] }}}}
| {{#if: https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/ayman-al-zawahiri/view | {{#if: Ayman al-Zawahiri | Ayman al-Zawahiri }}}}
}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}
}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}
}}{{#if:
| . {{{publisher}}}{{#if:
|
| {{#if: || }}
}}
}}{{#if:
||{{#if:
| ({{{date}}})
| {{#if:
| {{#if:
| ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
| ({{{year}}})
}}
}}
}}
}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|{{{accessdate}}}{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.
}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”
}}</ref> is the current leader of al-Qaeda and a current<ref name=bbc16jun11>{{
- if: {{#if: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13788594 | {{#if: Ayman al-Zawahiri appointed as al-Qaeda leader |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}}
||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted
}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if:
| [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if:
| {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }}
| {{{author}}}
}}]]
| {{#if:
| {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }}
| {{{author}}}
}}
}}
}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}
}}{{#if: |
{{#if: June 16, 2011
| (June 16, 2011)
| {{#if:
| {{#if:
| ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
| ({{{year}}})
}}
}}
|}}
}}{{#if:
| . }}{{
#if:
| {{{editor}}}:
}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: Ayman al-Zawahiri appointed as al-Qaeda leader | [{{{archiveurl}}} Ayman al-Zawahiri appointed as al-Qaeda leader] }}}}
| {{#if: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13788594 | {{#if: Ayman al-Zawahiri appointed as al-Qaeda leader | Ayman al-Zawahiri appointed as al-Qaeda leader }}}}
}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}
}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}
}}{{#if:
| . {{#if:
|
| {{#if: June 16, 2011 || }}
}}
}}{{#if:
||{{#if: June 16, 2011
| (June 16, 2011)
| {{#if:
| {{#if:
| ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
| ({{{year}}})
}}
}}
}}
}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if: April 28, 2017
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|April 28, 2017{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.
}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”
}}</ref> or former member and senior official of Islamist organizations which have orchestrated and carried out attacks in North America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. In 2012, he called on Muslims to kidnap Western tourists in Muslim countries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Since the September 11 attacks, the U.S. State Department has offered a US$25 million reward for information or intelligence leading to al-Zawahiri's capture.<ref>{{
- if: {{#if: http://edition.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/people/shows/zawahiri/profile.html | {{#if: CNN Programs – People in the News |1}}}}
||Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified
}}{{
- if:
| {{#if: {{#if: | {{#if: |1}}}}
||Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters archiveurl and archivedate must be both specified or both omitted
}} }}{{#if:
| {{#if:
| [[{{{authorlink}}}|{{#if:
| {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }}
| {{{author}}}
}}]]
| {{#if:
| {{{last}}}{{#if: | , {{{first}}} }}
| {{{author}}}
}}
}}
}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | ; {{{coauthors}}} }}
}}{{#if: |
{{#if:
| ({{{date}}})
| {{#if:
| {{#if:
| ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
| ({{{year}}})
}}
}}
|}}
}}{{#if:
| . }}{{
#if:
| {{{editor}}}:
}}{{#if:
| {{#if: | {{#if: CNN Programs – People in the News | [{{{archiveurl}}} CNN Programs – People in the News] }}}}
| {{#if: http://edition.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/people/shows/zawahiri/profile.html | {{#if: CNN Programs – People in the News | CNN Programs – People in the News }}}}
}}{{#if: | ({{{language}}}) }}{{#if:
| ()
}}{{#if:
| . {{{work}}}
}}{{#if:
| {{{pages}}}
}}{{#if:
| . {{#if:
|
| {{#if: || }}
}}
}}{{#if:
||{{#if:
| ({{{date}}})
| {{#if:
| {{#if:
| ({{{month}}} {{{year}}})
| ({{{year}}})
}}
}}
}}
}}.{{#if:
| Archived from the original on [[{{{archivedate}}}]].
}}{{#if: April 28, 2017
| Retrieved on {{#time:Y F j|April 28, 2017{{#if: | , {{{accessyear}}}}}}}.
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessmonthday}}}, {{{accessyear}}}.
}}{{#if:
| Retrieved on {{{accessdaymonth}}} {{{accessyear}}}.
}}{{#if:
| “{{{quote}}}”
}}</ref> He is under worldwide sanctions by the Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee as a member of al-Qaeda.<ref name=refUN>UN list of affiliates of al-Qaeda and the Taliban Template:Webarchive</ref>
See also
- Egyptian Islamic Jihad
- FBI Most Wanted Terrorists
- Sayyed Imam Al-Sharif
- Messages of Ayman al-Zawahiri
- Messages of Osama bin Laden
- Operation Gladio B
- Cartoon Wars Part II (South Park)
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Ayman al-Zawahiri" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
