Black comedy  

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 +[[Image:Skull with a Cigarette (1886) - Vincent van Gogh.jpg|thumb|right|200px|left|
 +''[[Skull of a Skeleton with Burning Cigarette]]'' ([[1886]]) - [[Vincent van Gogh]] ]]
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'''Black comedy''', also known as '''black humor''' is a sub-genre of [[comedy]] and [[satire]] where topics and events that are usually treated seriously — [[death]], [[mass murder]], [[suicide]], [[disease|sickness]], [[Insanity|madness]], [[terror]], [[drug abuse]], [[rape]], [[war]], etc. — are treated in a humorous or satirical manner. Synonyms include '''dark humor''', '''morbid humor''', '''[[gallows humor]]''' and '''[[off-color humor]]'''. A seminal anthology in this category is ''[[Anthology of Black Humor]]'' (1940) by [[André Breton]]. '''Black comedy''', also known as '''black humor''' is a sub-genre of [[comedy]] and [[satire]] where topics and events that are usually treated seriously — [[death]], [[mass murder]], [[suicide]], [[disease|sickness]], [[Insanity|madness]], [[terror]], [[drug abuse]], [[rape]], [[war]], etc. — are treated in a humorous or satirical manner. Synonyms include '''dark humor''', '''morbid humor''', '''[[gallows humor]]''' and '''[[off-color humor]]'''. A seminal anthology in this category is ''[[Anthology of Black Humor]]'' (1940) by [[André Breton]].
-In the United States, black comedy as a literary genre came to prominence in the [[1950s]] and [[1960s]]. Writers such as [[Terry Southern]], [[Joseph Heller]], [[Thomas Pynchon]], [[Kurt Vonnegut]] and [[Harlan Ellison]] have published novels, stories and plays where profound or [[horrific]] events were portrayed in a comic manner. An anthology edited by [[Bruce Jay Friedman]], titled ''[[Black Humor: Anthology]]'' was published in 1965.+The purpose of black comedy is to make light of serious and often taboo subject matter, and some comedians use it as a tool for exploring vulgar issues, thus provoking discomfort and serious thought as well as amusement in their audience. Popular themes of the genre include [[murder]], [[suicide]], [[depression (mood)|depression]], [[abuse]], [[mutilation]], [[war]], [[Barbarian|barbarism]], [[drug abuse]], [[terminal illness]], [[domestic violence]], [[rape|sexual violence]], [[paedophilia]], [[insanity]], [[nightmare]], [[disease]], [[racism]], [[homophobia]], [[sexism]], [[disability]] (both physical and mental), [[chauvinism]], [[political corruption|corruption]], and [[crime]].
 +==Film==
The [[1964]] film ''[[Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb]]'' presents one of the best-known examples of black comedy. The subject of the film is nuclear war and the extinction of life on Earth. Normally, dramas about nuclear war treat the subject with gravity and seriousness, creating suspense over the efforts to avoid a nuclear war. But ''Dr. Strangelove'' plays the subject for laughs; for example, in the film, the fail-safe procedures designed to prevent a nuclear war are precisely the systems that ensure that it will happen. The film ''[[Fail-Safe (1964 film)|Fail Safe]]'', produced simultaneously, tells a largely identical story with a distinctly grave tone; the film ''[[The Bed-Sitting Room]]'', released six years later, treats post-nuclear English society in an even wilder comic approach. The [[1964]] film ''[[Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb]]'' presents one of the best-known examples of black comedy. The subject of the film is nuclear war and the extinction of life on Earth. Normally, dramas about nuclear war treat the subject with gravity and seriousness, creating suspense over the efforts to avoid a nuclear war. But ''Dr. Strangelove'' plays the subject for laughs; for example, in the film, the fail-safe procedures designed to prevent a nuclear war are precisely the systems that ensure that it will happen. The film ''[[Fail-Safe (1964 film)|Fail Safe]]'', produced simultaneously, tells a largely identical story with a distinctly grave tone; the film ''[[The Bed-Sitting Room]]'', released six years later, treats post-nuclear English society in an even wilder comic approach.
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Today, black comedy can be found in almost all forms of media. Today, black comedy can be found in almost all forms of media.
-== Genre ==+== In the Great Britain==
 +:''[[British dark comedy]]''
 + 
 +== In the United States==
 +:''[[American black comedy]]''
 + 
 +In the United States, black comedy as a literary genre came to prominence in the [[1950s]] and [[1960s]]. Writers such as [[Terry Southern]], [[Joseph Heller]], [[Thomas Pynchon]], [[Kurt Vonnegut]] and [[Harlan Ellison]] have published novels, stories and plays where profound or [[horrific]] events were portrayed in a comic manner. An anthology edited by [[Bruce Jay Friedman]], titled ''[[Black Humor: Anthology]]'' was published in 1965.
 +===Writers===
 +*[[Charles B. Griffith]]
 + 
 +== In France==
 +:''[[French black comedy]]''
 + 
 +''[[Anthology of Black Humor]]'', first published in [[1940]] as ''Anthologie de l'humour noir'' (Paris, [[Éditions du Sagittaire]]) is an [[anthology]] of '[[black humor]]' texts edited and commented upon by [[André Breton]].
 + 
 +The anthology not only introduced some until then almost [[unknown]] or [[forgotten]] writers, it also coined the term "[[black humor]]" (as Breton said, until then the term had meant nothing, unless someone imagined jokes about black people ). The term became globally used since then.
 + 
 +=== Writers ===
-In America, black comedy as a literary genre came to prominence in the 1950s and 1960s. An anthology edited by [[Bruce Jay Friedman]], titled ''Black Humor'', assembles many examples of the genre.+* [[Xavier Forneret]]
 +* [[Alphonse Allais]]
 +* [[Pierre Bourgeade]]
 +* [[Serge Brussolo]]
 +* [[Alfred Jarry]]
 +* [[Octave Mirbeau]]
 +== In Germany ==
 +:''[[German black comedy]]''
-According to screenwriter [[John Truby]], when black comedy is used as a basis for a story's plotline, it involves a society in an unhealthy state and a main character wanting something which, for whatever reason, is not a thing that will be beneficial to himself or society. The audience should usually be able to see this for themselves, and often a supporting character within the story also sees the insanity of the situation. The main character rarely if ever learns a lesson or undergoes any significant change from the ordeal, but sometimes a relatively sane course of action is offered to them.+=== Bibliography ===
 +* [[André Breton]]: ''Anthologie des schwarzen Humors'', München: Rogner und Bernhard, 1971
 +* Reinhard Federmann: ''...und treiben mit Entsetzen Scherz. Die Welt des Schwarzen Humors'', Tübingen: Erdmann, 1969
 +* Michael Hellenthal: ''Schwarzer Humor. Theorie und Definition'', Essen: Verlag die Blaue Eule, 1989, ISBN 3-89206-303-6
 +* Gerd Henniger: ''Zur Genealogie des Schwarzen Humors''. In: ''Neue Deutsche Hefte'' 13 (1966), Verlag Neue Deutsche Hefte, Berlin, S. 18–34
 +=== Writers ===
 +*[[Georg Christoph Lichtenberg]]
 +*[[Christian Dietrich Grabbe]]
 +*[[Friedrich Nietzsche]]
 +*[[Franz Kafka]]
 +*[[Jakob van Hoddis]]
-Black comedy is a prevalent theme of many cult films, television shows and video games. The 1964 film ''[[Dr. Strangelove]]'' presents one of the best-known mainstream examples of black comedy. The subject of the film is [[nuclear warfare]] and the [[annihilation]] of life on Earth. Normally, dramas about nuclear war treat the subject with gravity and seriousness, creating suspense over the efforts to avoid a nuclear war. But ''Dr. Strangelove'' plays the subject for laughs; for example, in the film, the fail-safe procedures designed to prevent a nuclear war are precisely the systems that ensure that it will happen. Plotwise, Group Captain Mandrake serves as the one sane character in the decayed society, and Major Kong fills the role of the hero striving for a harmful goal.+==References==
 +*''[[Anthology of Black Humor]]'' by Breton
 +*''[[A History of Derision]]
-In modern standards, black comedy is commonly used in dramatic or satirical films retaining its serious tone. Examples include ''[[The Twelve Chairs (1970 film)|The Twelve Chairs]]'', ''[[Catch Me If You Can]]'', ''[[W. (film)|W.]]'', ''[[Network (film)|Network]]'', ''[[Natural Born Killers]]'' and sometimes family-oriented films like ''[[Super Mario Bros. (film)|Super Mario Bros.]] and ''[[Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (film)|Charlie and the Chocolate Factory]].+==See also==
 +*[[British humour]]
 +*[[Crude humor]]
 +*[[Dark romanticism]]
 +*[[Gallows humor]]
 +*[[Grotesque literature]]
 +*[[Macabre]]
 +*[[Problem plays]]
 +*''[[Black Comedy]]'', a play by [[Peter Shaffer]]
 +* [[Schadenfreude]]
 +*[[Shock value]]
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}
 +[[Category:Non-mainstream]]

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Black comedy, also known as black humor is a sub-genre of comedy and satire where topics and events that are usually treated seriously — death, mass murder, suicide, sickness, madness, terror, drug abuse, rape, war, etc. — are treated in a humorous or satirical manner. Synonyms include dark humor, morbid humor, gallows humor and off-color humor. A seminal anthology in this category is Anthology of Black Humor (1940) by André Breton.

The purpose of black comedy is to make light of serious and often taboo subject matter, and some comedians use it as a tool for exploring vulgar issues, thus provoking discomfort and serious thought as well as amusement in their audience. Popular themes of the genre include murder, suicide, depression, abuse, mutilation, war, barbarism, drug abuse, terminal illness, domestic violence, sexual violence, paedophilia, insanity, nightmare, disease, racism, homophobia, sexism, disability (both physical and mental), chauvinism, corruption, and crime.

Contents

Film

The 1964 film Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb presents one of the best-known examples of black comedy. The subject of the film is nuclear war and the extinction of life on Earth. Normally, dramas about nuclear war treat the subject with gravity and seriousness, creating suspense over the efforts to avoid a nuclear war. But Dr. Strangelove plays the subject for laughs; for example, in the film, the fail-safe procedures designed to prevent a nuclear war are precisely the systems that ensure that it will happen. The film Fail Safe, produced simultaneously, tells a largely identical story with a distinctly grave tone; the film The Bed-Sitting Room, released six years later, treats post-nuclear English society in an even wilder comic approach.

Notable directors of black comedy films include Tim Burton, Terry Gilliam, The Coen Brothers, Martin Scorsese, Ralph Bakshi, Peter Jackson, & Stanley Kubrick.

Today, black comedy can be found in almost all forms of media.

In the Great Britain

British dark comedy

In the United States

American black comedy

In the United States, black comedy as a literary genre came to prominence in the 1950s and 1960s. Writers such as Terry Southern, Joseph Heller, Thomas Pynchon, Kurt Vonnegut and Harlan Ellison have published novels, stories and plays where profound or horrific events were portrayed in a comic manner. An anthology edited by Bruce Jay Friedman, titled Black Humor: Anthology was published in 1965.

Writers

In France

French black comedy

Anthology of Black Humor, first published in 1940 as Anthologie de l'humour noir (Paris, Éditions du Sagittaire) is an anthology of 'black humor' texts edited and commented upon by André Breton.

The anthology not only introduced some until then almost unknown or forgotten writers, it also coined the term "black humor" (as Breton said, until then the term had meant nothing, unless someone imagined jokes about black people ). The term became globally used since then.

Writers

In Germany

German black comedy

Bibliography

  • André Breton: Anthologie des schwarzen Humors, München: Rogner und Bernhard, 1971
  • Reinhard Federmann: ...und treiben mit Entsetzen Scherz. Die Welt des Schwarzen Humors, Tübingen: Erdmann, 1969
  • Michael Hellenthal: Schwarzer Humor. Theorie und Definition, Essen: Verlag die Blaue Eule, 1989, ISBN 3-89206-303-6
  • Gerd Henniger: Zur Genealogie des Schwarzen Humors. In: Neue Deutsche Hefte 13 (1966), Verlag Neue Deutsche Hefte, Berlin, S. 18–34

Writers

References

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Black comedy" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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