Black people
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | :"By [[1914]], Africa had only two independent nations, [[Liberia]], a nation founded in [[West Africa]] by free black Americans earlier in the nineteenth century, and the ancient kingdom of [[Ethiopia]] in East Africa." | + | [[Image:Josephine Baker dancing the Charleston to an Art Deco-styole background.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Josephine Baker]], photo by Lucien Waléry]] |
| - | [[Image:Combat de nègres dans un tunnel.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[Negroes Fighting in a Tunnel at Night]]'' (1882) by [[Paul Bilhaud]], here shown in the 1887 version [[appropriation|appropriate]]d by [[Alphonse Allais]] as published in ''[[Album primo-avrilesque]]'' (April fool-ish Album)]] | + | {| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5" |
| - | [[Image:Josephine Baker dancing the Charleston to an Art Deco-styole background.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Josephine Baker]] dancing the [[charleston]] at the [[Folies Bergère]] in Paris for ''[[La Revue nègre]]'' in [[1926]]. Notice the [[art deco]] background. <br>(Photo by Walery)]] | + | | style="text-align: left;" | |
| + | "[[Black pride]] is a movement in response to dominant [[white culture]]s and ideologies that encourages [[black people]] to celebrate [[black culture]] and embrace their African heritage. In the United States, it was a direct response to white [[Racism in the United States|racism]] especially during the [[Civil Rights Movement]]. Related movements include [[black power]], [[black nationalism]], [[Black Panthers]] and [[Afrocentrism]]."--Sholem Stein | ||
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| + | "No matter how hard you try/you can't [[stop]] me now." --"[[Message From a Black Man]]" (1969) by The Temptations | ||
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| - | '''Black''' is a [[Race|racial]], [[Politics|political]], [[Sociology|sociological]] or [[Culture|cultural]] classification of people. No people are literally colored [[black]], but many people who have dark [[Human skin color|skin color]] are considered to be. | + | '''Black people''' is a [[Human skin color|skin color]]-based [[classification]] for specific people with a mid to dark brown [[complexion]]. Not all black people have dark skin; in certain countries, often in socially based systems of [[racial classification]] in the [[Western world]], the term "black" is used to describe persons who are perceived as [[Dark skin|dark-skinned]] compared to other populations. It is mostly used for people of [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]n descent and the [[Indigenous people of Oceania|indigenous peoples]] of [[Oceania]]. Indigenous African societies do not use the term ''black'' as a racial identity outside of influences brought by Western cultures. |
| - | Some assert that only people of relatively recent [[Africa]]n descent are black, while others argue that black may refer to individuals with dark skin color regardless of ethnic origin. | + | The term "black" may also be capitalized; the [[AP Stylebook]] changed its guide to capitalize the "b" in ''Black'' in 2020. |
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| + | Different societies apply different criteria regarding who is classified "black", and these [[Social construction|social constructs]] have changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for "blackness" vary. In the [[United Kingdom]], "black" was historically equivalent with "[[person of color]]", a general term for non-European peoples. In other regions such as [[Australasia]], settlers applied the term "black" or it was used by local populations with different histories and ancestral backgrounds. | ||
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| + | For many other individuals, communities and countries, "black" is perceived as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label, and as a result is neither used nor defined, especially in African countries with little to no history of colonial [[racial segregation]]. Some have pointed out that labeling people "black" is erroneous as the people described as "black" have a brown skin color. | ||
| == African Americans == | == African Americans == | ||
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| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| * [[African diaspora]] | * [[African diaspora]] | ||
| - | *[[Black culture]] | + | * [[Afrophobia]] |
| - | * [[Black people in Europe]] | + | * [[Black elite]] |
| - | * [[Decolonization of Africa]] | + | * [[Black supremacy]] |
| + | * [[Black women]] | ||
| + | * [[Lists of black people]] | ||
| * [[Mulatto]] | * [[Mulatto]] | ||
| - | * [[Race (human classification)|Race]] | + | * [[Negrito]] |
| - | * [[Racism]] | + | * [[Scientific racism]] |
| - | * [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] | + | * [[Zambo]] |
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Current revision
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"Black pride is a movement in response to dominant white cultures and ideologies that encourages black people to celebrate black culture and embrace their African heritage. In the United States, it was a direct response to white racism especially during the Civil Rights Movement. Related movements include black power, black nationalism, Black Panthers and Afrocentrism."--Sholem Stein "No matter how hard you try/you can't stop me now." --"Message From a Black Man" (1969) by The Temptations |
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Black people is a skin color-based classification for specific people with a mid to dark brown complexion. Not all black people have dark skin; in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification in the Western world, the term "black" is used to describe persons who are perceived as dark-skinned compared to other populations. It is mostly used for people of Sub-Saharan African descent and the indigenous peoples of Oceania. Indigenous African societies do not use the term black as a racial identity outside of influences brought by Western cultures.
The term "black" may also be capitalized; the AP Stylebook changed its guide to capitalize the "b" in Black in 2020.
Different societies apply different criteria regarding who is classified "black", and these social constructs have changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for "blackness" vary. In the United Kingdom, "black" was historically equivalent with "person of color", a general term for non-European peoples. In other regions such as Australasia, settlers applied the term "black" or it was used by local populations with different histories and ancestral backgrounds.
For many other individuals, communities and countries, "black" is perceived as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label, and as a result is neither used nor defined, especially in African countries with little to no history of colonial racial segregation. Some have pointed out that labeling people "black" is erroneous as the people described as "black" have a brown skin color.
African Americans
Approximately 12 million Africans were forcibly shipped to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade from 1492 to 1888. Today their descendants number approximately 150 million.
See also
- African diaspora
- Afrophobia
- Black elite
- Black supremacy
- Black women
- Lists of black people
- Mulatto
- Negrito
- Scientific racism
- Zambo
