Canon (title)
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| - | '''Heloïse''' ([[1101]]–[[1162]]) was the female student of [[Peter Abelard]] are among the best known records of early [[romantic love]], described in ''[[Letters of Heloise and Abelard]]''. She is perhaps best-known as ''[[Julie, or the New Heloise]]''. | ||
| - | Though Heloïse (also spelled Héloïse, Hélose, Heloisa, and Helouisa, among other variations) is best known for her relationship with Peter Abélard, she was a brilliant scholar of [[Latin]], [[Greek language|Greek]] and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], and had a reputation for intelligence and insight. Abélard writes that she was ''nominatissima'', "most renowned" for her gift in reading and writing. Not a great deal is known of her immediate family except that in her letters she implies she is of a lower social standing (probably the Garlande family who had money and several members in strong positions) than was Abélard, who was originally from the [[nobility]], though he had rejected knighthood to be a [[philosopher]]. | + | A '''canon''' (from the [[Latin]] ''canonicus'', itself derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] {{polytonic|κανονικός}}, ''kanonikós'', "relating to a rule", "regulary") is a [[priest]] or [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]] who is a member of certain bodies of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[clergy]] subject to an ecclesiastical rule ([[Canon law|canon]]). |
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| - | What is known is that she was the ward of an uncle, a [[canon (priest)|canon]] in [[Paris]] named Fulbert, and by the age of 18 she had become the student of Pierre Abélard, who was one of the most popular teachers and philosophers in Paris. | + | |
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| - | In his writings, Abélard tells the story of his seduction of Heloïse, and their subsequent illicit relationship, which they continued until Heloïse bore him a son, whom Heloïse named Astrolabius (Astrolabe). Afterwards, he placed Heloïse in a [[convent]] in [[Argenteuil]] and secretly married her according to the wishes of her uncle.. It was then that Fulbert divulged the secret of the marriage and ordered some of his acquaintances to castrate Abélard. Some have surmised that Fulbert was in fact her father, which accounts both for the unusual manner in which Heloïse was brought up due to a possible [[illegitimacy]], as well as the extreme measures he took to punish Abélard. After the castration, left with little else, Abélard became a monk. | + | |
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| - | At the convent in Argenteuil, Heloïse took the [[habit]] eventually became [[prioress]]. She and the other nuns were turned out when the convent was taken over by the abbey at which Abélard had first taken his monastic vows. At this point Abélard arranged for them to enter the [[Oratory of the Paraclete]], an abbey he had established, where Heloïse became [[abbess]]. | + | |
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| - | It was at about this time that a correspondence between the two former lovers sprang up. After Abélard left the Paraclete, fleeing from either real or imagined persecution, he wrote his [[Historia Calamitatum]], explaining his woes both in his youth as a philosopher only and now as a monk as well. Heloïse responded, both on the behalf of the Paraclete and herself. In the letters which followed, Heloïse expressed her dismay at the problems which Abélard had to face, but also reprimanded him for years of silence offered to her, to whom he was still technically wed. Thus began a correspondence of both passionate and erudite. Heloïse encouraged Abélard in his philosophical work, and he dedicated his profession of faith to her. | + | |
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| - | The ''Problemata Heloissae'' (Heloise's Problems) is a collection of 42 theological questions directed from Heloise to Abelard at the time when she was abbess at the Paraclete, and his answers to them. | + | |
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| - | Her place of burial is uncertain. The Oratory of the Paraclete claims she and Abélard are buried there and that what exists in Père-Lachaise is merely a monument. According to the [[Père Lachaise|Père-Lachaise Cemetery]], the remains of both lovers were transferred from the Oratory in the early [[19th century]] and were reburied in the famous crypt on their grounds. (''illustration, left'') There are still others who believe that while Abélard is buried in the crypt at Père-Lachaise, Heloïse's remains are elsewhere. | + | |
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| - | Their story inspired the poem "The Convent Threshold" by the Victorian English poet [[Christina Rossetti]], as well as the poem [["Eloisa to Abelard"]] by the English poet [[Alexander Pope]]. | + | |
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| - | [[Howard Brenton]]'s play ''[[In Extremis|In Extremis: The Story of Abelard and Heloise]]'' premiered at [[Shakespeare's Globe]] in [[as of 2006|2006]]. | + | |
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| - | ==Cultural references== | + | |
| - | In the novel [[The Romantic]] by [[Barbara Gowdy]] the two central characters take their names from Heloise and Abelard (Louise and Abelard in the novel). | + | |
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| - | François Villon's [[Ballade des Dames du Temps Jadis]] ("Ballad of the Ladies of Times Past") mentions Heloise and Abelard in the second stanza. | + | |
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| - | In the film [[Being John Malkovich]], the character Craig Schwartz, a failed puppeteer, stages a sidewalk puppet show depicting correspondence between Heloise and Abelard. | + | |
| - | ===Stage and film=== | + | |
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| - | [[Howard Brenton]]'s play ''[[In Extremis|In Extremis: The Story of Abelard and Heloise]]'' premiered at [[Shakespeare's Globe]] in . | + | |
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| - | The film [[Stealing Heaven]] (1988) chronicles their story and stars [[Derek de Lint]], [[Kim Thomson]], and [[Denholm Elliott]]. | + | |
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| - | In the film [[Being John Malkovich]], the character Craig Schwartz, a failed puppeteer, stages a sidewalk puppet show depicting correspondence between Héloïse and Abélard. | + | |
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| - | Director and writer [[Norman Szabo]] created an animated feature called [[William Shakespeare's Abelard + Heloise]], which he claims is based upon an uncompleted Shakespearean manuscript, ''Abelard and Elois, a Tragedie''. | + | |
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| - | [[Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind]] makes several references to the story of Abelard and Heloise in both script and plot. | + | |
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Revision as of 00:10, 19 February 2012
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A canon (from the Latin canonicus, itself derived from the Greek Template:Polytonic, kanonikós, "relating to a rule", "regulary") is a priest or minister who is a member of certain bodies of the Christian clergy subject to an ecclesiastical rule (canon).
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Canon (priest)" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
