Capital punishment  

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-{{Template}}+[[Image:Francisco de Goya y Lucientes 023.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[The Third of May 1808]]'' ([[1814]]) by [[Francisco de Goya]]]]
-[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/{{PAGENAMEE}}] [May 2007]+[[Image:Callot, miseries of war.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[The Miseries and Disasters of War]]'' ([[1633]]) by [[Jacques Callot]]
 +<br>
 +<small>With the 16th century ''[[The Miseries and Disasters of War]]'', French 17th artist [[Jacques Callot]] anticipated [[Goya]]'s ''[[Disasters of War]]'', both of them criticizing the [[horrors of war]] in their art]]
 +</small>
 +{| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
 +| style="text-align: left;" |
 +"If you wish to understand the [[essentialism|essential nature]] of [[murder]], you do not begin with a discussion of something complicated or emotionally [[Loaded language|loaded]], such as [[assisted suicide]] or [[abortion]] or [[capital punishment]]. Assisted suicide may or may not be murder, but determining whether such [[Dispute |disputed]] cases are murder requires first that we are clear on the nature and logic of [[Dispute|indisputable]] cases; we move from the [[controversy|uncontroversial]] center to the disputed remote territories. The same principle holds in [[aesthetics|aesthetic theory]]." --''[[The Art Instinct]]'', p. 50
 +|}{{Template}}
 +'''Capital punishment''', also known as the '''death penalty''', is the execution of a convicted [[criminal]] by the state as punishment for crimes known as ''capital crimes'' or ''capital offences''. Historically, the execution of criminals and political opponents was used by nearly all societies—both to punish crime and to suppress [[political dissent]]. Among countries around the world, all [[European]] (except [[Belarus]]) and many Pacific Area states (including [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]] and [[Timor Leste]]), and [[Canada]] have abolished capital punishment. In [[Latin America]], most states have completely abolished the use of capital punishment, while some countries, however, like [[Brazil]], allow for capital punishment only in exceptional situations, such as treason committed during wartime. The [[United States]], [[Guatemala]], and most of the [[Caribbean]] as well as some democracies in [[Asia]] (e.g. [[Japan]] and [[India]]) and [[Africa]] (e.g. [[Botswana]] and [[Zambia]]) retain it.
 + 
 +In most places that practice capital punishment today, the death penalty is reserved as punishment for premeditated [[murder]], [[espionage]], [[treason]], or as part of [[military justice]]. In some countries, sexual crimes, such as [[adultery]] and [[sodomy]], carry the death penalty, as do religious crimes such as [[apostasy]], the formal renunciation of one's religion. In many [[Use of capital punishment by nation|retentionist]] countries (countries that use the death penalty), [[drug trafficking]] is also a capital offense. In China [[Trafficking in human beings|human trafficking]] and serious cases of [[Political corruption|corruption]] are also punished by the death penalty. In militaries around the world [[courts-martial]] have imposed death sentences for offenses such as [[cowardice]], [[desertion]], [[insubordination]], and [[mutiny]].
 + 
 +Capital punishment is a very contentious issue. Supporters of capital punishment argue that it [[deterrent|deter]]s crime, prevents [[recidivism]], and is an appropriate form of punishment for the crime of [[murder]]. Opponents of capital punishment argue that it does not [[deterrent|deter]] criminals more than life imprisonment, violates [[human rights]], leads to executions of some who are [[Wrongful execution|wrongfully convicted]], and discriminates against minorities and the poor.
 + 
 +==See also==
 +* [[Execution]]
 +* [[Eye for an eye]]
 +* [[Amnesty International]]
 +* ''[[Death by a Thousand Cuts (book)|Death by a Thousand Cuts]]''
 +* [[Revenge]]
 +* [[Human rights]]
 +* [[Life imprisonment]]
 +* [[Public execution]]
 +* [[List of people who were beheaded]]
 + 
 +{{GFDL}}

Revision as of 12:30, 4 April 2018

The Miseries and Disasters of War (1633) by Jacques Callot  With the 16th century The Miseries and Disasters of War, French 17th artist Jacques Callot anticipated Goya's Disasters of War, both of them criticizing the horrors of war in their art
Enlarge
The Miseries and Disasters of War (1633) by Jacques Callot
With the 16th century The Miseries and Disasters of War, French 17th artist Jacques Callot anticipated Goya's Disasters of War, both of them criticizing the horrors of war in their art

"If you wish to understand the essential nature of murder, you do not begin with a discussion of something complicated or emotionally loaded, such as assisted suicide or abortion or capital punishment. Assisted suicide may or may not be murder, but determining whether such disputed cases are murder requires first that we are clear on the nature and logic of indisputable cases; we move from the uncontroversial center to the disputed remote territories. The same principle holds in aesthetic theory." --The Art Instinct, p. 50

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Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. Historically, the execution of criminals and political opponents was used by nearly all societies—both to punish crime and to suppress political dissent. Among countries around the world, all European (except Belarus) and many Pacific Area states (including Australia, New Zealand and Timor Leste), and Canada have abolished capital punishment. In Latin America, most states have completely abolished the use of capital punishment, while some countries, however, like Brazil, allow for capital punishment only in exceptional situations, such as treason committed during wartime. The United States, Guatemala, and most of the Caribbean as well as some democracies in Asia (e.g. Japan and India) and Africa (e.g. Botswana and Zambia) retain it.

In most places that practice capital punishment today, the death penalty is reserved as punishment for premeditated murder, espionage, treason, or as part of military justice. In some countries, sexual crimes, such as adultery and sodomy, carry the death penalty, as do religious crimes such as apostasy, the formal renunciation of one's religion. In many retentionist countries (countries that use the death penalty), drug trafficking is also a capital offense. In China human trafficking and serious cases of corruption are also punished by the death penalty. In militaries around the world courts-martial have imposed death sentences for offenses such as cowardice, desertion, insubordination, and mutiny.

Capital punishment is a very contentious issue. Supporters of capital punishment argue that it deters crime, prevents recidivism, and is an appropriate form of punishment for the crime of murder. Opponents of capital punishment argue that it does not deter criminals more than life imprisonment, violates human rights, leads to executions of some who are wrongfully convicted, and discriminates against minorities and the poor.

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Capital punishment" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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