Cesare Ripa
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| + | [[Image:Iconologia.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Iconologia]]'' (1593) by [[Cesare Ripa]] was an [[emblem book]] highly influential on [[Baroque]] imagery]] | ||
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| - | '''Emblem books''' are a particular style of illustrated [[book]] developed in [[Europe]] during the 16th and [[17th century in literature|17th centuries]], normally containing about one hundred combinations of pictures and text. | + | '''Cesare Ripa''' (c. 1560 - c. 1622) was an Italian [[aesthetics|aesthetician]] who worked for Cardinal [[Anton Maria Salviati]] as a cook and butler. |
| - | Scholars differ on the key question of whether the actual [[emblem]]s in question are the visual images, the accompanying texts, or the combination of the two. This is understandable, given that the first emblem book, the [[Emblemata]] of [[Andrea Alciato]], was first issued in an unauthorized edition in which the [[woodcut]]s were chosen by the printer without any input from the author, who had circulated the texts in unillustrated manuscript form. Some early emblem books were unillustrated, particularly those issued by the French printer Denis de Harsy. With time, however, the reading public came to expect emblem books to contain picture-text combinations. Each combination consisted of a [[woodcut]] or [[engraving]] accompanied by one or more short texts, intended to inspire their readers to reflect on a general [[morality|moral]] lesson derived from the reading of both picture and text together. The picture was subject to numerous interpretations: only by reading the text could a reader be certain which meaning was intended by the author. Thus the books are closely related to the personal symbolic picture-text combinations called [[personal device]]s, known in Italy as ''imprese'' and in France as ''devises''. | + | Not much is known about his life. He was born in [[Perugia]] and died in [[Rome]]. After the death of the cardinal, Ripa worked for his relatives. He was knighted after publishing a highly successful [[emblem book]] called ''[[Iconologia]]'', which he wrote in his free time. |
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| - | Emblem books, both [[secular]] and [[religious]], attained enormous popularity throughout continental Europe, though in [[Great Britain|Britain]] they never captured the imagination of readers to the same extent. The books were especially numerous in the [[Netherlands]], [[Belgium]], [[Germany]], and [[France]]. [[Andrea Alciato]] wrote the epigrams contained in the first and most widely disseminated emblem book, the ''[[Emblemata]]'', published by Heinrich Steyner in 1531 in [[Augsburg]]. Another influential illustrated book was [[Cesare Ripa|Cesare Ripa's ''Iconologia'']], first published in 1593, though it is not properly speaking an emblem book but a collection of erudite allegories. | + | *[[Andrea Alciato]] |
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| - | Early European studies of [[Egyptian hieroglyphics]], like that of [[Athanasius Kircher]], assumed that the hieroglyphics were emblems, and imaginatively interpreted them accordingly. | + | |
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Cesare Ripa (c. 1560 - c. 1622) was an Italian aesthetician who worked for Cardinal Anton Maria Salviati as a cook and butler.
Not much is known about his life. He was born in Perugia and died in Rome. After the death of the cardinal, Ripa worked for his relatives. He was knighted after publishing a highly successful emblem book called Iconologia, which he wrote in his free time.
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