Ceteris paribus
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| - | :"An idea is always a [[generalization]], and generalization is a property of thinking. To generalize means to think." - [[Hegel]] | + | '''''{{lang|la|Ceteris paribus}}''''' or '''''{{lang|la|caeteris paribus}}''''' is a [[Latin]] phrase, literally translated as "with other things the same," or "all other things being equal or held constant." It is an example of an [[ablative absolute]] and is commonly rendered in English as "all other things being equal." A prediction, or a statement about [[causal relation|causal]] or logical connections between two states of affairs, is qualified by ''ceteris paribus'' in order to acknowledge, and to rule out, the possibility of other factors that could override the relationship between the [[antecedent (logic)|antecedent]] and the [[consequent]]. |
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| - | :"To generalize is to be an idiot. To particularize is the alone distinction of merit. General knowledge are those knowledge that idiots possess." - [[William Blake]] | + | |
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| - | :"Obvious enough that generalities work to protect the mind from the great outdoors; is it possible that this was in fact their first purpose?" - [[Howard Nemerov]] | + | |
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| - | :"A sweeping statement is the only statement worth listening to. The critic without faith gives balanced opinions, usually about second-rate writers." - [[Patrick Kavanagh]] | + | |
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| - | '''Generalization''' a foundational element of [[logic]] and [[reasoning|human reasoning]]. Generalization posits the existence of a domain or [[Set theory|set]] of elements, as well as one or more common characteristics shared by those elements. As such, it is the essential basis of all valid [[deductive|deductive inference]]. The process of [[Falsifiability|verification]] is necessary to determine whether a generalization holds true for any given situation. | + | |
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| - | The concept of generalization has broad application in many related disciplines, sometimes having a specialized context-specific meaning. | + | |
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| - | For any two related concepts, ''A'' and ''B''; A is considered a '''generalization''' of concept B if and only if: | + | |
| - | * every instance of concept B is also an instance of concept A; and | + | |
| - | * there are instances of concept A which are not instances of concept B. | + | |
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| - | For instance, ''[[animal]]'' is a generalization of ''[[bird]]'' because every bird is an animal, and there are animals which are not birds ([[dog]]s, for | + | |
| - | instance). | + | |
| - | == Hypernym and hyponym == | + | |
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| - | This kind of ''generalization'' versus ''specialization'' (or ''particularization'') is reflected in either of the contrasting words of the word pair [[hypernym]] and [[hyponym]]. A hypernym as a [[generic antecedents|generic]] stands for a class or group of equally-ranked items...... such as ''tree'' does for ''peach'' and ''oak''; or ''ship'' for ''cruiser'' and ''[[steamer]]''. Whereas a hyponym is one of the items included in the generic, such as ''lily'' and ''daisy'' are included in ''flower'', and ''bird'' and ''fish'' in ''animal''. A hypernym is superordinate to a hyponym, and a hyponym is subordinate to hypernym. | + | |
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | * [[Abstraction]] | + | *[[List of Latin phrases]] |
| - | *''[[Ceteris paribus]]'' | + | *[[Mutatis mutandis]] |
| - | *[[Generic]] | + | *[[Confounding|Experimental Controls]] |
| - | *[[Generic antecedent]] | + | *[[Partial derivative]] |
| - | *[[inheritance (object-oriented programming)]], | + | |
| - | *[[Faulty generalization]] | + | |
| - | *[[Hasty generalization]] | + | |
| - | *[[Homotopy lifting property]] | + | |
| - | *''[[Mutatis mutandis]]'' | + | |
| - | * [[Lumpers and splitters]] | + | |
| - | *[[-onym]] | + | |
| - | *[[Class_diagram#Generalization|Class diagram]] | + | |
| - | *[[Ramer-Douglas-Peucker algorithm]] | + | |
| - | * [[Specialization]], the opposite process | + | |
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Template:Lang or Template:Lang is a Latin phrase, literally translated as "with other things the same," or "all other things being equal or held constant." It is an example of an ablative absolute and is commonly rendered in English as "all other things being equal." A prediction, or a statement about causal or logical connections between two states of affairs, is qualified by ceteris paribus in order to acknowledge, and to rule out, the possibility of other factors that could override the relationship between the antecedent and the consequent.
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