Chemical compound
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| - | :''[[Celluloid Records]], [[The Celluloid Closet]]'' | ||
| - | Any of a variety of [[thermoplastics]] created from [[nitrocellulose]] and [[camphor]], once used as [[photographic film]]. In [[1889]], [[William Friese Greene]] developed the first "moving pictures" on [[celluloid]] film, exposing 20 [[foot (unit of length)|ft]] of [[film]] at [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]], [[London]]. Celluloid is the name of a class of [[Chemical compound|compounds]] created from [[nitrocellulose]] and [[camphor]], plus dyes and other agents. Generally regarded to be the first [[thermoplastic]], it was first created as [[Parkesine]] in 1856 and as '''Xylonite''' in 1869 before being registered as ''Celluloid'' in 1870. Celluloid is easily [[Molding (process)|molded]] and shaped, and it was first widely used as an [[ivory]] replacement. Celluloid is highly flammable and also easily decomposes, and is no longer widely used. Its most common uses today are the [[table tennis]] ball and [[guitar pick]]s. | ||
| - | ==Photography== | + | #Any substance formed by the [[union]] of two or more chemical [[element]]s in a fixed [[ratio]], the union being a [[chemical bond]]. |
| - | + | #Any single [[substance]], either compound or element | |
| - | English photographer [[John Corbett]] founded the Keystone Dry Plate Works in 1879 with the intention of producing [[gelatin]] [[dry plate]]s. The Celluloid Manufacturing Company was contracted for this work by means of thinly slicing layers out of celluloid blocks and then removing the slice marks with heated pressure plates. After this, the celluloid strips were coated with a photosensitive gelatin emulsion. It is not certain exactly how long it took for Carbutt to standardize his process, but it occurred no later than 1888. A 15 inch-wide sheet of Carbutt's film was used by [[William Dickson (film pioneer)|William Dickson]] for the early [[Edison]] [[motion picture]] experiments on a cylinder drum Kinetograph. However, the celluloid [[film base]] produced by this means was still considered too stiff for the needs of motion picture photography. | + | == See also == |
| - | + | * [[Chemical substance]] | |
| - | By 1889, more flexible celluloids for [[photographic film]] were developed, and both [[Hannibal Goodwin]] and the [[Kodak|Eastman Kodak Company]] obtained patents for a film product ([[Ansco]], which purchased Goodwin's patent when he died, was eventually successful in an infringement suit against Kodak). This ability to produce photographic images on a [[Nitrocellulose#Nitrate film|flexible material]] (as opposed to a glass or metal plate) was a crucial step toward the advent of motion pictures. | + | * [[Chemical element]] |
| + | * [[Chemical Revolution]] | ||
| + | * [[Chemical structure]] | ||
| + | * [[IUPAC nomenclature|Chemical name]] | ||
| + | * [[Dictionary of chemical formulas]] | ||
| + | * [[List of compounds|List of chemical compounds]] | ||
| + | *[[Addition to pi ligands]] | ||
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- Any substance formed by the union of two or more chemical elements in a fixed ratio, the union being a chemical bond.
- Any single substance, either compound or element
[edit]
See also
- Chemical substance
- Chemical element
- Chemical Revolution
- Chemical structure
- Chemical name
- Dictionary of chemical formulas
- List of chemical compounds
- Addition to pi ligands
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