Cluster theory of art  

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"Gaut does not acknowledge other versions of the cluster theory, but there have been several. E. J. Bond (1975) observes that a set of conditions may be sufficient for something's being art though no single member of the set is either necessary or sufficient. Milton H. Snoeyenbos (1978) argues that "art" may be used on the basis of a disjunctive set of merely sufficient conditions. Ellen Dissanayake observes that one method of definition has been to compile a number of attributes of art; ..." --"The Cluster Theory of Art", British Journal of Aesthetics, 44, (2004): 297-300, anthologized in Philosophical Perspectives on Art (2007) by Stephen Davies

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“Art” as a Cluster Concept" (2000) by Berys Gaut is a recent essay to popularize the anti-essentialist tendencies in the philosophy of art. Cluster concepts are composed of criteria that contribute to art status but are not individually necessary for art status.

In "The Cluster Account of Art: A Historical Dilemma", Simon Fokt accuses the cluster concept of art of ahistoricism.

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