Coal
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| - | The '''Atomic Age''', also known as the ''Atomic Era'', is a phrase typically used to delineate the period of history following the detonation of the first nuclear bomb. | ||
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| - | The phrase stems from the feeling of nuclear optimism in the [[1950]]s in which it was believed that all power sources in the future would be atomic in nature. The [[Nuclear weapon|atomic bomb]] ("A-bomb") would render all conventional explosives obsolete and [[nuclear power]] plants would do the same for power sources such as [[coal]] and [[Petroleum|oil]]. There was a general feeling that everything would use a nuclear power source of some sort, in a positive and productive way, from radiating food to preserve it, to cooking it with radiation ([[microwave oven]]), to the development of [[nuclear medicine]]. This would render the discovery of nuclear power as significant as the first smelting of [[Bronze Age|Bronze]] or [[Iron Age|Iron]], or the [[Industrial Revolution]]. | ||
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| - | This included even [[automobile|car]]s, leading [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] to display the [[Ford Nucleon]] [[concept car]] to the public in 1958. | ||
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| - | In the 1960s, the term became less common, but the concept remained. In the [[Thunderbirds (TV series)|Thunderbirds]] TV series, a set of vehicles was presented that were imagined to be completely nuclear, as shown in cutaways presented in their comic-books. | ||
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| - | Many experts predicted that thanks to the giant nuclear power stations of the near future [[electricity]] would soon become much cheaper and that [[electricity meter]]s would be removed, because power would be "too cheap to meter." | ||
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| - | [[Lew Kowarski]], a former director of [[CERN]], recalled even such references as ''Atomic cocktail waitresses.'' | ||
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| - | The term was initially used in a positive, futuristic sense, but by the 1960s the threats posed by [[nuclear weapon]]s had begun to edge out nuclear power as the dominant motif of the atom. In the late 1970s, nuclear power was faced with economic difficulties and widespread public unease, coming to a head in the [[Three Mile Island]] accident in 1979, and the [[Chernobyl disaster|Chernobyl reactor explosion]] in 1986, both of which effectively killed the nuclear power industry for decades thereafter. | ||
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| - | As such, the label of the ''Atomic Age'' now connotes either a sense of [[nostalgia]] or naïveté, and is considered by many to have ended with the fall of the [[Soviet Union]], though the term continues to be used by some historians and some [[Science fiction fandom|science fiction fans]] to describe the era following the conclusion of the [[Second World War]]. | ||
| + | '''Coal''' is a [[combustion|combustible]] black or brownish-black [[sedimentary rock]] usually occurring in [[stratum|rock strata]] in ''layers or veins'' called '''coal beds<!-- redirected term title-->''' or '''coal seams'''. The harder forms, such as [[anthracite|anthracite coal]], can be regarded as [[metamorphic rock]] because of later exposure to elevated temperature and [[pressure]]. Coal is composed primarily of [[carbon]] along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly [[hydrogen]], [[sulfur]], [[oxygen]], and [[nitrogen]]. | ||
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | * [[Abiogenic petroleum origin]] | ||
| + | * [[Asphaltene]] | ||
| + | * [[Biochar]] | ||
| + | * [[Biobased economy|Biomass-coal]] | ||
| + | * [[Carbochemistry]] | ||
| + | * [[Coal pollution mitigation]] | ||
| + | * [[Coal assay]] | ||
| + | * [[Coal blending]] | ||
| + | * [[Coal homogenization]] | ||
| + | * [[Coal measures]] (stratigraphic unit) | ||
| + | * [[Coal phase out]] | ||
| + | * [[Coal-tar]] | ||
| + | * [[Coalbed methane]] | ||
| + | * [[Environmental issues with coal]] | ||
| + | * [[Fluidized bed combustion]] | ||
| + | * [[Fossil fuel]] | ||
| + | * [[Fossil fuel phase-out]] | ||
| + | * [[Gyttja|Gytta]] | ||
| + | * [[Major coal producing regions]] | ||
| + | * [[Mountaintop removal mining]] | ||
| + | * [[Petroleum]] | ||
| + | * [[The Coal Question]] | ||
| + | * [[Tonstein]] | ||
| + | * [[World Coal Association]] | ||
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Revision as of 21:35, 7 January 2018
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Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. Coal is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
See also
- Abiogenic petroleum origin
- Asphaltene
- Biochar
- Biomass-coal
- Carbochemistry
- Coal pollution mitigation
- Coal assay
- Coal blending
- Coal homogenization
- Coal measures (stratigraphic unit)
- Coal phase out
- Coal-tar
- Coalbed methane
- Environmental issues with coal
- Fluidized bed combustion
- Fossil fuel
- Fossil fuel phase-out
- Gytta
- Major coal producing regions
- Mountaintop removal mining
- Petroleum
- The Coal Question
- Tonstein
- World Coal Association
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Coal" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
