Cultural references to absinthe  

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 +[[Image:L'Absinthe (1876) - Edgar Degas.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[L'Absinthe]]'' ([[1876]]) - [[Edgar Degas]]]]
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*[[Edgar Degas]]' painting ''[[L'Absinthe]]'' (1876) portrayed grim absinthe drinkers in a cafe. Degas himself never called the painting "L'Absinthe"; it was either his art dealer or a later owner who gave it the name. Years later, it set off a flurry in the London art world, and the grim realism of "L'Absinthe" (a theme popular with bohemian artists) was perceived by London art critics as a lesson against alcohol and the French in general. *[[Edgar Degas]]' painting ''[[L'Absinthe]]'' (1876) portrayed grim absinthe drinkers in a cafe. Degas himself never called the painting "L'Absinthe"; it was either his art dealer or a later owner who gave it the name. Years later, it set off a flurry in the London art world, and the grim realism of "L'Absinthe" (a theme popular with bohemian artists) was perceived by London art critics as a lesson against alcohol and the French in general.
-*[[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]] was notorious for his consumption of the green muse. He often painted impressionistic scenes of the brothels and night spots of 19th century Montmartre. Lautrec was even known to carry a hollow cane filled with absinthe during long nights out in Paris.<ref>[http://www.sdmart.org/lautrec/food_bib.html Toulouse-Lautrec: Bibliographies - Food, Drink, Recipes]{{Dead link|date=June 2010}}</ref> An example of Lautrec's work featuring absinthe would be the painting ''Monsieur Boileau au café''.+*[[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]] was notorious for his consumption of the green muse. He often painted impressionistic scenes of the brothels and night spots of 19th century Montmartre. Lautrec was even known to carry a hollow cane filled with absinthe during long nights out in Paris. An example of Lautrec's work featuring absinthe would be the painting ''Monsieur Boileau au café''.
-*[[Manet|Édouard Manet]] began his career with ''[[The Absinthe Drinker (Manet painting)|The Absinthe Drinker]]'' (1858), oil on canvas<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.artchive.com/artchive/M/manet.html |title=Édouard Manet |publisher=Artchive.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-25}}</ref>{{Verify credibility|date=November 2009}} demonstrating that at least he was exposed to the drink and its effects.{{Or|date=November 2009}}+*[[Manet|Édouard Manet]] began his career with ''[[The Absinthe Drinker (Manet painting)|The Absinthe Drinker]]'' (1858), oil on canvas
-*[[Vincent Van Gogh]] was anything but a man of moderation. He drank ferocious quantities of absinthe<ref>Naralie Amgier, [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9C0CE7DC153AF932A2575AC0A966958260&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fM%2fMonet%2c%20Claude Studying Art With the Eye Of a Physician], ''[[New York Times]]'', September 11, 1990</ref> while creating his signature painting style. His ear removing episode is often attributed to over consumption of absinthe<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/20527 |title=Why did Vincent van Gogh cut off his ear? |publisher=Answerbag.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-25}}</ref> as is his liberal use of the color yellow.<ref>Wayne. P. Armstrong, [http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ecoph23.htm Medical Glycosides, Terpenes & Alkaloids], ''Wayne's Word''.</ref>+*[[Vincent Van Gogh]] was anything but a man of moderation. He drank ferocious quantities of absinthe while creating his signature painting style. His ear removing episode is often attributed to over consumption of absinthe as is his liberal use of the color yellow.
*[[Picasso]] depicted absinthe in different media, including the paintings "Woman Drinking Absinthe" (1901) and "Bottle of Pernod and Glass" (1912), and the sculpture "Absinthe Glass" (1914). *[[Picasso]] depicted absinthe in different media, including the paintings "Woman Drinking Absinthe" (1901) and "Bottle of Pernod and Glass" (1912), and the sculpture "Absinthe Glass" (1914).
-*[[Paul Gauguin]] is known for consuming large quantities of absinthe.<ref>[http://www.micheleannajordan.com/col041903.html untitled]{{Dead link|date=June 2010}}</ref> His bold use of flat color has also been attributed to the influence of absinthe.<ref>[https://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/352/12/1275 NEJM - Hideous Absinthe: A History of the Devil in a Bottle<!-- Bot generated title -->].</ref>{{Dubious|date=November 2009}}+*[[Paul Gauguin]] is known for consuming large quantities of absinthe.
===Literature=== ===Literature===
As prominent as absinthe's influence on visual art was, it is perhaps even more noteworthy in the context of 19th century literature. Below is a short list of important authors who credited a portion of their literary success to the drink. As prominent as absinthe's influence on visual art was, it is perhaps even more noteworthy in the context of 19th century literature. Below is a short list of important authors who credited a portion of their literary success to the drink.
-*[[Oscar Wilde]] was an avid absinthe consumer and often wrote about the drink in connection with the creative process. Oscar Wilde has been quoted as saying, "What difference is there between a glass of absinthe and a sunset?"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oxygenee.com/absintheFAQ4.html |title=Oxygénée's Absinthe FAQ IV |publisher=Oxygenee.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-25}}</ref><ref>"Absinthe History in a bottle" [[Barnaby Conrad III]] (1988)</ref> and "After the first glass [of absinthe] you see things as you wish they were. After the second, you see things as they are not. Finally, you see things as they really are, and that is the most horrible thing in the world." <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.michelleblack.com/books/absinthe.html |title=The Second Glass of Absinthe |publisher=Michelle Black |date= |accessdate=2010-06-25}}</ref>+*[[Oscar Wilde]] was an avid absinthe consumer and often wrote about the drink in connection with the creative process. Oscar Wilde has been quoted as saying, "What difference is there between a glass of absinthe and a sunset?" and "After the first glass [of absinthe] you see things as you wish they were. After the second, you see things as they are not. Finally, you see things as they really are, and that is the most horrible thing in the world."
-*In [[Ernest Hemingway]]'s ''[[For Whom the Bell Tolls]]'', disappointed with the quality of other liquor available, Robert Jordan turns to absinthe while fighting with the loyalist guerrillas. Absinthe is also featured in Hemingway's [[short story]] ''[[Hills Like White Elephants]]''. Hemingway himself was a frequent absinthe drinker and most likely procured his absinthe from Spain and [[Cuba]] after the ban.<ref>[[Barnaby Conrad III|Conrad III, Barnaby]]; (1988). Absinthe History in a Bottle. Chronicle books. ISBN 0-8118-1650-8 p. 137.</ref>+*In [[Ernest Hemingway]]'s ''[[For Whom the Bell Tolls]]'', disappointed with the quality of other liquor available, Robert Jordan turns to absinthe while fighting with the loyalist guerrillas. Absinthe is also featured in Hemingway's [[short story]] ''[[Hills Like White Elephants]]''. Hemingway himself was a frequent absinthe drinker and most likely procured his absinthe from Spain and [[Cuba]] after the ban.
-*[[Baudelaire]] was an avid absinthe drinker. Though he never wrote specifically about absinthe he did reference it in his famous poem "get drunk". <ref>http://www.absintheliquor.com/famous_absinthe_citats.htm</ref>+*[[Baudelaire]] was an avid absinthe drinker. Though he never wrote specifically about absinthe he did reference it in his famous poem "get drunk".
-*[[Paul Marie Verlaine]] was a famous Parisian poet of the Bohemian style. Though he wrote extensively about the benefits absinthe in his early years, he later claimed to have consorted with prostitutes and men while drinking it, and blamed the beverage for his downfalls. Even when he was on his deathbed, his friends were said to be hiding bottles for him under his pillow. <ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.zoomgraphics.com/absinthe/drinkers.html |title=Zoomgraphics Absinthe Page |publisher=Zoomgraphics.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-25}}</ref>+*[[Paul Marie Verlaine]] was a famous Parisian poet of the Bohemian style. Though he wrote extensively about the benefits absinthe in his early years, he later claimed to have consorted with prostitutes and men while drinking it, and blamed the beverage for his downfalls. Even when he was on his deathbed, his friends were said to be hiding bottles for him under his pillow.
-*[[Arthur Rimbaud]] was a young Parisian poet who was notably involved in a homosexual relationship with Paul Verlaine. They famously drank large quantity's of absinthe together. Their relationship ended when Rimbaud was shot in the hand by Verlaine, who was then sentenced to prison. Later in life Rimbaud quit drinking absinthe and writing poetry and instead became involved in military exploits and gun running. He is still regarded as one of France's greatest poets. <ref name="autogenerated1"/>+*[[Arthur Rimbaud]] was a young Parisian poet who was notably involved in a homosexual relationship with Paul Verlaine. They famously drank large quantity's of absinthe together. Their relationship ended when Rimbaud was shot in the hand by Verlaine, who was then sentenced to prison. Later in life Rimbaud quit drinking absinthe and writing poetry and instead became involved in military exploits and gun running. He is still regarded as one of France's greatest poets.
*[[Ernest Dowson]] was an important English poet who notable wrote a poem dedicated to absinthe called "Absinthia Taetra". *[[Ernest Dowson]] was an important English poet who notable wrote a poem dedicated to absinthe called "Absinthia Taetra".
-*[[Guy de Maupassant]] was a naturalistic French author. He is generally considered one of the greatest French short story writers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.online-literature.com/maupassant/ |title=Guy de Maupassant - Biography and Works |publisher=Online-literature.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-25}}</ref> In one famous work of prose "A Queer Night in Paris" he describes the smells and sensations of absinthe in the streets of Paris and makes an overt reference to "the hour to take absinthe".+*[[Guy de Maupassant]] was a naturalistic French author. He is generally considered one of the greatest French short story writers. In one famous work of prose "A Queer Night in Paris" he describes the smells and sensations of absinthe in the streets of Paris and makes an overt reference to "the hour to take absinthe".
*[[Alfred Jarry]] is notably the author of the French absurdist play, Ubu Roi. Jarry claimed to use absinthe to "fuse together the dream and reality, art and lifestyle". <ref name="autogenerated1"/> The drink was purported by the author to be a key part of his creative process. *[[Alfred Jarry]] is notably the author of the French absurdist play, Ubu Roi. Jarry claimed to use absinthe to "fuse together the dream and reality, art and lifestyle". <ref name="autogenerated1"/> The drink was purported by the author to be a key part of his creative process.
===Contemporary literature=== ===Contemporary literature===
-*Absinthe figures heavily into the plot of ''[[The Basic Eight]]'', a 1999 novel by [[Daniel Handler]], which features Bohemian characters of which are drawn to absinthe by its dangerous history.<ref>Handler, Daniel; (1999). The Basic Eight. Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 0-312-19833-7.</ref>+*Absinthe figures heavily into the plot of ''[[The Basic Eight]]'', a 1999 novel by [[Daniel Handler]], which features Bohemian characters of which are drawn to absinthe by its dangerous history.
*Gemma Doyle, the main character of Libba Bray's 2007 sequel ''[[Rebel Angels]]'' (set in 1895) drinks Absinthe with her friends at a Christmas ball, and experiences hallucinatory effects. *Gemma Doyle, the main character of Libba Bray's 2007 sequel ''[[Rebel Angels]]'' (set in 1895) drinks Absinthe with her friends at a Christmas ball, and experiences hallucinatory effects.
-*The characters in [[Poppy Z. Brite|Poppy Z. Brite's]] short story, ''His Mouth Will Taste of Wormwood'' discover a crate of absinthe, the consumption of which forms the backdrop against which their transgressive antics occur. The short story can be found in ''[[Swamp Foetus]]''. Characters in her book ''[[Lost Souls (Poppy Z. Brite novel)|Lost Souls]]'' also drink absinthe.<ref name="LadouceurPullin2011"/>+*The characters in [[Poppy Z. Brite|Poppy Z. Brite's]] short story, ''His Mouth Will Taste of Wormwood'' discover a crate of absinthe, the consumption of which forms the backdrop against which their transgressive antics occur. The short story can be found in ''[[Swamp Foetus]]''. Characters in her book ''[[Lost Souls (Poppy Z. Brite novel)|Lost Souls]]'' also drink absinthe.
*''[[I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell]]'' contains a story in which the author, [[Tucker Max]], experiences absinthe for the first time. *''[[I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell]]'' contains a story in which the author, [[Tucker Max]], experiences absinthe for the first time.
-*An absinthe hallucination may or may not have inspired a murder in ''The Second Glass of Absinthe'', a 2003 mystery novel by Michelle Black, set in 1880 Leadville, Colorado.<ref>Black, Michelle, The Second Glass of Absinthe. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7653-4756-5.</ref>+*An absinthe hallucination may or may not have inspired a murder in ''The Second Glass of Absinthe'', a 2003 mystery novel by Michelle Black, set in 1880 Leadville, Colorado.
- +
-==Television==+
-Though less noteworthy than its influence in movies, art and literature, absinthe has also been depicted on many television series.+
- +
-*The Fine Living Channel's flagship ''[[The Thirsty Traveler]]'' reality TV series dedicated an entire episode to absinthe in 2004. The host traveled to several distilleries in different countries and observed the process and flavors of contemporary absinthe.+
- +
-*In the episode "Some Buried Bones" from [[CSI: NY]], the victim who is leaving a secret society at [[Hudson University]], returns his absinthe spoon as part of the de-initiation rite. The spoon is later found with the victim.+
- +
-*Absinthe played a prominent role in [[HBO]]'s cable television series ''[[Carnivàle]]''. The drink is frequently consumed by the mysterious blind seer Professor Lodz (played by Patrick Bauchau) in the television series.<ref>[http://www.hbo.com/carnivale/ HBO: Carnivàle<!-- Bot generated title -->].</ref>+
- +
-*{{Reference necessary|text=Evil immortal Christoph Kuyler from the television series [[Highlander: The Series]] episode "For Evil's Sake".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highlander:_The_Series_%28season_1%29#ep14 |title=Highlander: The Series (season 1) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |publisher=En.wikipedia.org |date=September 2010 |accessdate=2010-06-25}}</ref>''] is addicted to absinthe.|date=April 2010}}+
- +
-*Absinthe makes an appearance on [[Anthony Bourdain]]'s ''[[Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations]]'' during the 2005 pilot episode, "Why the French Don't Suck", in which he visits [[France]]. The distilling process is discussed, and he drinks some "real" vintage absinthe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://forums.televisionwithoutpity.com/index.php?showtopic=3128488&st=30 |title=Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations - TWoP Forums |publisher=Forums.televisionwithoutpity.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-25}}</ref>+
- +
-*{{Reference necessary|text=Betty Williams of ''[[Coronation Street]]'' starting drinking absinthe in one episode. The drink was also featured in rival British soap opera [[Emmerdale]].|date=April 2010}}+
- +
-*In "The Big Lockout" episode of this UK comedy series ''[[Black Books]]'' the character Manny finds himself locked in his shop and proceeds to drink an entire bottle of absinthe as a substitute for water. In the episode he expects to go crazy, but ultimately just ends up with a bad hangover. Bernard also refers to it as "the drink that makes you want to kill yourself instantly."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dvdtimes.co.uk/content.php?contentid=5025 |title=Black Books: Series 1 |publisher=DVD Times |date= |accessdate=2010-06-25}}</ref>+
- +
-*In episode 4 of the second series of [[IT Crowd|The IT Crowd]], the goth character [[List of The IT Crowd characters #Richmond Avenal|Richmond]] states, at a dinner party, that he only drinks absinthe. However upon hearing that none is available he says that [[Carlsberg Group|Carlsberg]] is fine.+
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-*In episode 11 of the [[Gossip Girl (season 4)|fourth Gossip Girl season]], [[Serena van der Woodsen]] is shown preparing, and then drinking absinthe in a boarding school flashback.+
- +
-*On an episode of the [[Game Show Network|GSN]] series ''[[Late Night Liars]]'', host [[Larry Miller (entertainer)|Larry Miller]] was shown introducing Weasel to absinthe, commenting on its illegality and supposedly hallucinogenic nature. After just one sip, Weasel claimed that his bow tie was trying to "strangulate" him.+
- +
-*During a speed bump task on episode 11 of [[Amazing_Race_15|Season 15]] on [[The Amazing Race]], Brian and Ericka had to make a shot of absinthe and drink it before receiving their next clue.+
- +
-*In the British comedy series [[Bottom (TV series)|Bottom]] in the episode 'Dough', when Eddie is getting the drinks in, he asks Richie what he wants. Unable to make his mind up, he asks for a pint of absinthe. The bartender then declares that there's a gay pub down the road if he wants to go there. Later on, when they all take the first drink, Richie drinks a large amount, then spits it out declaring "This is shit!"+
- +
-*In the episode [[The Perfect Cocktail]] of [[How I Met Your Mother]] [[Lily Aldrin|Lily]] mentions that when [[Robin Scherbatsky|Robin]] drinks absinthe she hallucinates that she is floating.+
- +
-*On the 4th of May 2012 episode of Eastenders, Derek obtains many boxes of Absinthe and then hires Tyler Moon and Billy Mitchell to distribute around Albert Square. Later on during the episode, following an argument with her family, Lauren shows her friends Whitney and Lucy a bottle of Absinthe (which she had earlier purchased) from her bag and opens it, from here the episode ends on another cliffhanger.+
- +
-*The January 8, 2013 episode of [[New Girl (TV series)|New Girl]], "Cabin" involves characters drinking a bottle of absinthe while staying at a cabin.+
==Music== ==Music==
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* [[Barbara (singer)|Barbara]] (1930-1997) the popular French female singer wrote and composed, with Frédéric Botton, and sang l'''Absinthe'', a song published in her 12th album [[:fr:La Fleur d'amour|"La Fleur d'amour"]] (1972). This song is a love song, a bit sad and nostagic -sadness is Barbara's trademark-, where the singer explains to a lover that drinking absinthe helps at last to feel in love, to render love joyful, just like it helped Rimbaud and Verlaine to write their poetry (a recurrent comparison, all along the song). * [[Barbara (singer)|Barbara]] (1930-1997) the popular French female singer wrote and composed, with Frédéric Botton, and sang l'''Absinthe'', a song published in her 12th album [[:fr:La Fleur d'amour|"La Fleur d'amour"]] (1972). This song is a love song, a bit sad and nostagic -sadness is Barbara's trademark-, where the singer explains to a lover that drinking absinthe helps at last to feel in love, to render love joyful, just like it helped Rimbaud and Verlaine to write their poetry (a recurrent comparison, all along the song).
-*[[Marilyn Manson (person)|Marilyn Manson]] has been an avid fan of absinthe since the recording of the [[Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death)]] album.<ref>[http://www.drownedinsound.com/articles/1174198.html "Go green with Marilyn: Drowned In Sound - Thurs 28 Sep 2006 absinthe news article"]. Retrieved 01 October 2006.</ref> He has also developed his own brand of the drink, entitled Mansinthe.+*[[Marilyn Manson (person)|Marilyn Manson]] has been an avid fan of absinthe since the recording of the [[Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death)]] album. He has also developed his own brand of the drink, entitled Mansinthe.
*On [[Minus The Bear]]'s 2002 debut album, ''[[Highly Refined Pirates]]'', there is a track entitled "Absinthe Party At The Fly Honey Warehouse". It is one of their most popular tracks among fans. *On [[Minus The Bear]]'s 2002 debut album, ''[[Highly Refined Pirates]]'', there is a track entitled "Absinthe Party At The Fly Honey Warehouse". It is one of their most popular tracks among fans.
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*Cradle Of Filth has a song entitled "Absinthe with Faust" on their album ''[[Nymphetamine]]''. *Cradle Of Filth has a song entitled "Absinthe with Faust" on their album ''[[Nymphetamine]]''.
-*The [[Nine Inch Nails]] video for "[[The Perfect Drug]]" casts [[Trent Reznor]] as a grieving father who drinks absinthe as an escape.<ref name="LadouceurPullin2011">{{cite book|author1=Liisa Ladouceur|author2=Gary Pullin|title=Encyclopedia Gothica|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wqqc3vgu3RMC|accessdate=3 March 2013|date=1 October 2011|publisher=ECW Press|isbn=978-1-77041-024-4|page=3}}</ref>+*The [[Nine Inch Nails]] video for "[[The Perfect Drug]]" casts [[Trent Reznor]] as a grieving father who drinks absinthe as an escape.<
*[[Blood Axis]] and [[Les Joyaux De La Princesse]] released a concept album called ''[[Absinthe: La Folie Verte]]''. *[[Blood Axis]] and [[Les Joyaux De La Princesse]] released a concept album called ''[[Absinthe: La Folie Verte]]''.
-* [[Mayer Hawthorne]] has a song entitled "Green Eyed Love" on his first album "[[A Strange Arrangement]]". Although the lyrics of the song seem to reflect on his relationship with a green-eyed girl, the music video<ref>{{cite web |url=http://stereogum.com/archives/video/new_mayer_hawthorne_video__green_eyed_love_095341.html |title=Mayer Hawthorne - Green Eyed Love - Music Video |publisher=Stereogum.com |date= |accessdate=2010-06-25}}</ref> puts the lyrics in a different light, where we can see Mayer Hawthorne unconventionally preparing a glass of absinthe and suffering from hallucinations afterwards.+* [[Mayer Hawthorne]] has a song entitled "Green Eyed Love" on his first album "[[A Strange Arrangement]]". Although the lyrics of the song seem to reflect on his relationship with a green-eyed girl, the music video puts the lyrics in a different light, where we can see Mayer Hawthorne unconventionally preparing a glass of absinthe and suffering from hallucinations afterwards.
* [[The Damned (band)]] recorded a song titled "Absinthe" on their album [[Grave Disorder]] which was released in 2001. It sampled the line [[Gary Oldman]] spoke in the film [[Dracula (1992 film)]] referring to the green fairy. * [[The Damned (band)]] recorded a song titled "Absinthe" on their album [[Grave Disorder]] which was released in 2001. It sampled the line [[Gary Oldman]] spoke in the film [[Dracula (1992 film)]] referring to the green fairy.
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*In the 1932 film entitled ''[[Grand Hotel (film)|Grand Hotel]]'' starring [[Greta Garbo]] and [[John Barrymore]], [[Joan Crawford]] orders and drinks absinethe at a Berlin bar. *In the 1932 film entitled ''[[Grand Hotel (film)|Grand Hotel]]'' starring [[Greta Garbo]] and [[John Barrymore]], [[Joan Crawford]] orders and drinks absinethe at a Berlin bar.
-*The 1994 film ''[[Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles]]'' makes references to absinthe twice. First, [[Louis de Pointe du Lac|Louis]] is seen drinking absinthe in a [[Bar (establishment)|bar]] before he becomes a ''[[vampire]]''. Later, [[Claudia (The Vampire Chronicles)|Claudia]] tricks [[Lestat de Lioncourt|Lestat]] into drinking the [[blood]] of two dead boys. Having recognized that something is wrong, Lestat asks Claudia whether she gave the boys absinthe. Claudia replies that she gave them [[Laudanum]], which killed them but kept their blood warm.<ref>http://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Interview-with-the-Vampire.html</ref>+*The 1994 film ''[[Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles]]'' makes references to absinthe twice. First, [[Louis de Pointe du Lac|Louis]] is seen drinking absinthe in a [[Bar (establishment)|bar]] before he becomes a ''[[vampire]]''. Later, [[Claudia (The Vampire Chronicles)|Claudia]] tricks [[Lestat de Lioncourt|Lestat]] into drinking the [[blood]] of two dead boys. Having recognized that something is wrong, Lestat asks Claudia whether she gave the boys absinthe. Claudia replies that she gave them [[Laudanum]], which killed them but kept their blood warm.
*The 1995 film ''[[Total Eclipse (film)|Total Eclipse]]'' begins with a scene in which a barman prepares absinthe for Paul Verlaine, played by [[David Thewlis]]. *The 1995 film ''[[Total Eclipse (film)|Total Eclipse]]'' begins with a scene in which a barman prepares absinthe for Paul Verlaine, played by [[David Thewlis]].

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The legacy of absinthe as a mysterious, addictive, and mind-altering drink continues to this day. Though its psychoactive effects and chemical makeup are contested, its cultural impact is not. Absinthe has played a notable role in the fine art movements of Impressionism, Post-impressionism, Surrealism, Modernism, Cubism... and in the corresponding literary movements. The legendary drink has more recently appeared in movies, video, television, music, and contemporary literature. The modern absinthe revival has had a notable effect on its portrayal. It is often shown as an unnaturally glowing green liquid demonstrating the influence of contemporary marketing efforts.

Contents

Arts and literature

Arts

Absinthe has a widely documented role in 19th century visual art and was frequently the subject of many genre paintings and still lifes of the day.

  • Edgar Degas' painting L'Absinthe (1876) portrayed grim absinthe drinkers in a cafe. Degas himself never called the painting "L'Absinthe"; it was either his art dealer or a later owner who gave it the name. Years later, it set off a flurry in the London art world, and the grim realism of "L'Absinthe" (a theme popular with bohemian artists) was perceived by London art critics as a lesson against alcohol and the French in general.
  • Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was notorious for his consumption of the green muse. He often painted impressionistic scenes of the brothels and night spots of 19th century Montmartre. Lautrec was even known to carry a hollow cane filled with absinthe during long nights out in Paris. An example of Lautrec's work featuring absinthe would be the painting Monsieur Boileau au café.
  • Vincent Van Gogh was anything but a man of moderation. He drank ferocious quantities of absinthe while creating his signature painting style. His ear removing episode is often attributed to over consumption of absinthe as is his liberal use of the color yellow.
  • Picasso depicted absinthe in different media, including the paintings "Woman Drinking Absinthe" (1901) and "Bottle of Pernod and Glass" (1912), and the sculpture "Absinthe Glass" (1914).
  • Paul Gauguin is known for consuming large quantities of absinthe.

Literature

As prominent as absinthe's influence on visual art was, it is perhaps even more noteworthy in the context of 19th century literature. Below is a short list of important authors who credited a portion of their literary success to the drink.

  • Oscar Wilde was an avid absinthe consumer and often wrote about the drink in connection with the creative process. Oscar Wilde has been quoted as saying, "What difference is there between a glass of absinthe and a sunset?" and "After the first glass [of absinthe] you see things as you wish they were. After the second, you see things as they are not. Finally, you see things as they really are, and that is the most horrible thing in the world."
  • Baudelaire was an avid absinthe drinker. Though he never wrote specifically about absinthe he did reference it in his famous poem "get drunk".
  • Paul Marie Verlaine was a famous Parisian poet of the Bohemian style. Though he wrote extensively about the benefits absinthe in his early years, he later claimed to have consorted with prostitutes and men while drinking it, and blamed the beverage for his downfalls. Even when he was on his deathbed, his friends were said to be hiding bottles for him under his pillow.
  • Arthur Rimbaud was a young Parisian poet who was notably involved in a homosexual relationship with Paul Verlaine. They famously drank large quantity's of absinthe together. Their relationship ended when Rimbaud was shot in the hand by Verlaine, who was then sentenced to prison. Later in life Rimbaud quit drinking absinthe and writing poetry and instead became involved in military exploits and gun running. He is still regarded as one of France's greatest poets.
  • Ernest Dowson was an important English poet who notable wrote a poem dedicated to absinthe called "Absinthia Taetra".
  • Guy de Maupassant was a naturalistic French author. He is generally considered one of the greatest French short story writers. In one famous work of prose "A Queer Night in Paris" he describes the smells and sensations of absinthe in the streets of Paris and makes an overt reference to "the hour to take absinthe".
  • Alfred Jarry is notably the author of the French absurdist play, Ubu Roi. Jarry claimed to use absinthe to "fuse together the dream and reality, art and lifestyle". <ref name="autogenerated1"/> The drink was purported by the author to be a key part of his creative process.

Contemporary literature

  • Absinthe figures heavily into the plot of The Basic Eight, a 1999 novel by Daniel Handler, which features Bohemian characters of which are drawn to absinthe by its dangerous history.
  • Gemma Doyle, the main character of Libba Bray's 2007 sequel Rebel Angels (set in 1895) drinks Absinthe with her friends at a Christmas ball, and experiences hallucinatory effects.
  • The characters in Poppy Z. Brite's short story, His Mouth Will Taste of Wormwood discover a crate of absinthe, the consumption of which forms the backdrop against which their transgressive antics occur. The short story can be found in Swamp Foetus. Characters in her book Lost Souls also drink absinthe.
  • An absinthe hallucination may or may not have inspired a murder in The Second Glass of Absinthe, a 2003 mystery novel by Michelle Black, set in 1880 Leadville, Colorado.

Music

  • Barbara (1930-1997) the popular French female singer wrote and composed, with Frédéric Botton, and sang l'Absinthe, a song published in her 12th album "La Fleur d'amour" (1972). This song is a love song, a bit sad and nostagic -sadness is Barbara's trademark-, where the singer explains to a lover that drinking absinthe helps at last to feel in love, to render love joyful, just like it helped Rimbaud and Verlaine to write their poetry (a recurrent comparison, all along the song).
  • On Minus The Bear's 2002 debut album, Highly Refined Pirates, there is a track entitled "Absinthe Party At The Fly Honey Warehouse". It is one of their most popular tracks among fans.
  • Cradle Of Filth has a song entitled "Absinthe with Faust" on their album Nymphetamine.
  • Mayer Hawthorne has a song entitled "Green Eyed Love" on his first album "A Strange Arrangement". Although the lyrics of the song seem to reflect on his relationship with a green-eyed girl, the music video puts the lyrics in a different light, where we can see Mayer Hawthorne unconventionally preparing a glass of absinthe and suffering from hallucinations afterwards.
  • Kasabian recorded a song referred to and titled "La Fee Verte" on their fourth studio album Velociraptor!.

Film

  • The 2001 film entitled Moulin Rouge! contains a scene prominently featuring Absinthe and the "green fairy", a hallucination supposedly caused by the drink (and, in this film's case, played by pop star Kylie Minogue and voiced by Ozzy Osbourne.)
  • Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992) featured absinthe as a key ingredient in Count Dracula's seduction of Mina Harker. The scene opens with the line "Absinthe is the aphrodisiac of the soul. The green fairy who lives in the absinthe wants your soul, but you are safe with me".
  • In the 2004 film EuroTrip, characters Scott, Cooper, and Jamie drink absinthe while in a club. The drink is shown glowing an electric green, and its consumption causes hallucinations in some of these characters - one of which is a little green fairy (played by Steve Hytner).
  • In the 2007 film Blood and Chocolate, Gabriel and several other Loup Garou consume absinthe in the bohemian manner at a popular Romanian bar that their pack frequents.
  • The 2009 film Dorian Gray (2009 film) a glass of Absinthe with an Absinthe Spoon & a sugar cube on top of the spoon lies on the table while Dorian is having his painting done.
  • The 2010 film Get Him to the Greek features a scene where the main character Aaron Green gets highly intoxicated on 20th Century absinthe.
  • In the Swiss-German film Sennentuntschi (2010), the three farmers used absinthe to imagine a straw made sex doll come to life, which is based on real Alpine traditions.
  • Featured in the video for Dance With Me by Roger Shah.

Miscellaneous

  • Washington D.C.-based Don and Mike Show has a biannual tradition of doing an entire four-hour show while drinking absinthe, complete with audience participation, interviews, and a news segment.
  • In the visual novel Umineko no Naku Koro ni, the absinthe is Kinzo's preferred drink. It was implied that it may have drove him to madness due to its alleged hallucinogenic properties.
  • In the PC game Phantasmagoria, heroine Adrienne Delaney discovers a bottle of absinthe in the wet bar of the mansion she and her husband came to occupy. As the game progresses, she will periodically see its amount draining while her husband simultaneously becomes more and more odd, implying he has been the one drinking it.




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Cultural references to absinthe" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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