December 9  

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 +[[Image:The Sphinx by Maxime Du Camp, 1849.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[The Great Sphinx of Giza (photo by Maxime Du Camp)]], photo taken on [[December 9]], [[1849]]]]
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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
*[[1897]] - Activist [[Marguerite Durand]] founds the [[feminist]] daily [[newspaper]], ''[[La Fronde]]'' in [[Paris]]. *[[1897]] - Activist [[Marguerite Durand]] founds the [[feminist]] daily [[newspaper]], ''[[La Fronde]]'' in [[Paris]].
-*[[1946]] - The "[[Subsequent Nuremberg Trials|Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals]]" began with the "[[Doctors' Trial]]", prosecuting [[physician|doctor]]s alleged to be involved in [[Nazi human experimentation|human experimentation]].+*[[1905]] - [[Salome (opera)|Salomé opera]] by Oscar Wilde first performed in Germany.
- +*[[1946]] - The "[[Nuremberg trials|Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals]]" began with the "[[Doctors' trial]]", prosecuting [[physician|doctor]]s alleged to be involved in [[Nazi human experimentation|human experimentation]].
 +*[[1964]] - ''[[A Love Supreme]]'' jazz album recorded by John Coltrane's quartet
==Births== ==Births==
-*[[1447]] - [[Chenghua]], Emperor of China (d. [[1487]]) 
-*[[1508]] - [[Gemma Frisius]], Dutch mathematician and cartographer (d. [[1555]]) 
-*[[1561]] - Sir [[Edwin Sandys (American colonist)|Edwin Sandys]], British-born Virginian colonist (d. [[1629]]) 
-*[[1571]] - [[Metius]] (Adriaan Adriaanszoon), Dutch mathematician and astronomer (d. [[1635]]) 
-*[[1579]] - [[Martin de Porres]], Peruvian saint (d. [[1639]]) 
-*[[1594]] - [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden]] (d. [[1632]]) 
*[[1608]] - [[John Milton]], English poet (d. [[1674]]) *[[1608]] - [[John Milton]], English poet (d. [[1674]])
-*[[1610]] - [[Baldassare Ferri]], Italian castrato (d. [[1680]])+*[[1901]] - [[Ödön von Horváth]], German writer (''Youth Without God'') (d. [[1938]])
-*[[1652]] - [[Augustus Quirinus Rivinus]], German physician (d. [[1723]])+*[[1902]] - [[John Willie]], fetish photographer and bondage artist. (d. [[1962]])
-*[[1667]] - [[William Whiston]], English mathematician (d. [[1752]])+*[[1923]] - [[Ennio de Concini]], Italian screenwriter and film director (''Divorce, Italian Style'') (d. 1962)
-*[[1748]] - [[Claude Louis Berthollet]], French chemist (d. [[1822]])+*[[1927]] - [[Pierre Henry]], French composer (d. 2017)
-*[[1751]] - [[Maria Luisa of Parma]], queen of Charles IV of Spain (d. [[1819]])+*[[1929]] - [[John Cassavetes]], American actor and director (d. 1989)
-*[[1787]] - [[John Dobson (architect)|John Dobson]], British architect+*[[1932]] - [[Donald Byrd ]], American jazz and rhythm and blues trumpeter (d. 2013)
-*[[1806]] - [[Jean-Olivier Chénier]], French Canadian physician and [[Patriote movement|Patriote]] (d. [[1838]])+
-*[[1837]] - [[Émile Waldteufel]], French composer (d. [[1915]])+
-*[[1842]] - [[Peter Kropotkin]], Russian anarchist (d. [[1921]])+
-*[[1847]] - [[George Grossmith]], English actor (d. [[1912]])+
-*[[1850]] - [[Emma Abbott]], American soprano (d. [[1891]])+
-*[[1868]] - [[Fritz Haber]], [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1934]])+
-*[[1871]] - [[Joe Kelley]], American baseball player (d. [[1943]])+
-*[[1876]] - [[Berton Churchill]], American actor (d. [[1940]])+
-*[[1882]] - [[Joaquín Turina]], Spanish composer (d. [[1949]])+
-*[[1883]] - [[Nikolai Luzin]], Russian mathematician (d. [[1950]])+
-*[[1886]] - [[Clarence Birdseye]], American frozen food manufacturer (d. [[1956]])+
-*[[1889]] - [[Hannes Kolehmainen]], Finnish Olympic gold medalist (d. [[1966]])+
-*[[1891]] - [[Maksim Bahdanovič]], Belarusian poet (d. [[1917]])+
-*[[1895]] - [[Conchita Supervía]], Spanish opera singer (d. [[1936]])+
-*[[1897]] - [[Hermione Gingold]], British actress (d. [[1987]])+
-*[[1898]] - [[Emmett Kelly]], American circus clown (d. [[1979]])+
-*[[1899]] - [[Jean de Brunhoff]], French author (d. [[1937]])+
-*[[1900]] - [[Albert Weisbord]], American labor organizer (d. [[1977]])+
-*[[1901]] - [[Carol Dempster]], American actress (d. [[1991]])+
-* 1901 - [[Odon von Horvath|Ödön von Horváth]], Hungarian-born writer (d. [[1938]])+
-* 1901 - [[Jean Mermoz]], French pilot (d. [[1936]])+
-*[[1902]] - [[Margaret Hamilton]], American actress (d. [[1985]])+
-*[[1905]] - [[Dalton Trumbo]], American writer (d. [[1976]])+
-*[[1906]] - [[Grace Murray Hopper]], American computer pioneer (d. [[1992]])+
-*[[1909]] - [[Douglas Fairbanks, Jr.]], American actor (d. [[2000]])+
-*[[1911]] - [[Broderick Crawford]], American actor (d. [[1986]])+
-* 1911 - [[Ryūzō Sejima]], Japanese educator (d. [[2007]]) +
-*[[1912]] - [[Tip O'Neill]], [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives]] (d. [[1994]])+
-*[[1914]] - [[Frances Reid]], American actress+
-*[[1915]] - [[Elisabeth Schwarzkopf]], German-born soprano (d. [[2006]])+
-*[[1916]] - [[Kirk Douglas]], American actor+
-*[[1917]] - [[James Rainwater]], [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1986]])+
-*[[1918]] - [[Jerome Beatty Jr.]], American author+
-*[[1919]] - [[William Lipscomb]], [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate+
-*[[1920]] - [[Carlo Azeglio Ciampi]], [[List of Presidents of the Italian Republic|President of the Italian Republic]]+
-*[[1922]] - [[Redd Foxx]], American comedian (d. [[1991]])+
-*[[1925]] - [[Dina Merrill]], American actress+
-*[[1926]] - [[Henry Way Kendall]], [[Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1999]])+
-* 1926 - [[Jan Kresadlo|Jan Křesadlo]], Czech writer (d. [[1995]])+
-*[[1927]] - [[Pierre Henry]], French composer+
-*[[1928]] - [[Dick Van Patten]], American actor+
-* 1928 - [[André Milhoux]], Belgian racing driver+
-*[[1929]] - [[John Cassavetes]], American actor and director (d. [[1989]])+
-* 1929 - [[Bob Hawke]], 23rd [[Prime Minister of Australia]]+
-*[[1930]] - [[Buck Henry]], American actor+
-*[[1931]] - [[Ladislav Smoljak]], Czech actor+
-* 1931 - [[William Reynolds (actor)|William Reynolds]], American actor +
-*[[1933]] - [[Morton Downey Jr.]], American talk show host (d. [[2001]])+
-*[[1934]] - Dame [[Judi Dench]], British actress+
-* 1934 - [[Junior Wells]], American musician (d. [[1998]])+
-*[[1937]] - [[Darwin Joston]], American actor (d. [[1998]])+
-*[[1938]] - [[Deacon Jones]], American football player+
-* 1938 - [[David Houston (singer)|David Houston]], American country music singer (d. [[1993]])+
-*[[1941]] - [[Beau Bridges]], American actor+
-* 1941 - [[Dan Hicks (singer)|Dan Hicks]], American musician+
-*[[1942]] - [[Billy Bremner]], Scottish footballer (d. [[1997]])+
-* 1942 - [[Dick Butkus]], American football player+
-*[[1943]] - [[Pit Martin]], [[National Hockey League]] player+
-*[[1944]] - [[Ki Longfellow]], American novelist+
-* 1944 - [[Neil Innes]], British singer[[Bonzo Dog Doo Dah Band]]+
-* 1944 - [[Bob O'Connor]], American politician+
-*[[1945]] - [[Matti Mäntylä]], Finnish actor+
-*[[1946]] - [[Sonia Gandhi]], Italian-born Indian politician+
-*[[1947]] - [[Tom Daschle]], American politician+
-* 1947 - [[Jaak Jõerüüt]], Soviet-born Estonian politician+
-*[[1948]] - [[Dennis Dunaway]], American musician+
-*[[1949]] - [[Tom Kite]], American golfer+
-*[[1950]] - [[Joan Armatrading]], West Indian-born British singer+
-*[[1952]] - [[Michael Dorn]], American actor+
-* 1952 - [[Liaqat Baloch]], Pakistani politician+
*[[1953]] - [[John Malkovich]], American actor *[[1953]] - [[John Malkovich]], American actor
-* 1953 - [[Monique Miller]], French Canadian actress+*[[1962]] - [[Juan Atkins]], American musician
-*[[1954]] - [[Herman Finkers]], Dutch comedian+
-*[[1957]] - [[Donny Osmond]], American singer and actor+
-*[[1958]] - [[Rikk Agnew]], American guitar player ([[The Adolescents]])+
-* 1958 - [[Nick Seymour]], Australian bassist ([[Crowded House]])+
-*[[1960]] - [[Juan Samuel]], Dominican baseball player+
-*[[1961]] - [[David Anthony Higgins]], American actor+
-* 1961 - [[Joe Lando]], American actor+
-*[[1962]] - [[Felicity Huffman]], American actress+
-*[[1963]] - [[Masako, Crown Princess of Japan]]+
-*[[1964]] - [[Paul Landers]], German guitarist ([[Rammstein]])+
-*[[1965]] - [[Joe Ausanio]], American baseball player+
-* 1965 - [[Vecepia Towery]], American ''[[Survivor (US TV series)|Survivor]]'' contestant+
-*[[1966]] - [[Kirsten Gillibrand]], American politician+
-* 1966 - [[Toby Huss]], American actor+
-*[[1967]] - [[Joshua Bell]], American violinist+
-* 1967 - [[Gheorghe Popescu]], Romanian footballer+
-*[[1968]] - [[Kurt Angle]], American wrestler+
-* 1968 - [[Brian Bell (musician)|Brian Bell]], American guitarist ([[Weezer]])+
-* 1968 - [[Dave Harold]], English snooker player+
-*[[1969]] - [[Jakob Dylan]], American singer ([[The Wallflowers]])+
-* 1969 - [[Bixente Lizarazu]], [[France national football team|French]] footballer+
-* 1969 - [[Sebastian Spence]], Canadian actor+
-*[[1971]] - [[Petr Nedved]], [[National Hockey League]] player +
-*[[1972]] - [[Tre Cool]], German-born American drummer ([[Green Day]])+
-* 1972 - [[Reiko Aylesworth]], American actress+
-* 1972 - [[Fabrice Santoro]], Tahitian-born French tennis player+
-*[[1974]] - [[Canibus]], American rapper+
-*[[1975]] - [[Dino Morea]], Indian actor+
-*[[1976]] - [[Chris Booker (baseball player)|Chris Booker]], American baseball player+
-*[[1977]] - [[Saskia Garel]], Canadian actress+
-* 1977 - [[Imogen Heap]], British singer and songwriter+
-*[[1978]] - [[Jesse Metcalfe]], American actor+
-*[[1979]] - [[Olivia Lufkin]], Japanese singer+
-*[[1980]] - [[Ryder Hesjedal]], Canadian cyclist+
-*[[1981]] - [[Mardy Fish]], American tennis player+
-* 1981 - [[Diya Mirza]], Indian actress+
-*[[1982]] - [[Tamilla Abassova]], Russian cyclist+
-*[[1983]] - [[Dariusz Dudka]], Polish footballer+
-*[[1983]] - [[Jermaine Beckford]], English footballer+
-*[[1990]] - [[LaFee]], German singer+
-<!-- +
-Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. +
-Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.+
-If there are multiple people in the same birth year, put them in alphabetical order.+
-Do not trust "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. -->+
- +
==Deaths== ==Deaths==
-*[[1165]] - King [[Malcolm IV of Scotland]]+*[[1964]] - [[Edith Sitwell]], British poet and critic (b. [[1887]])
-*[[1437]] - [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor]] (b. [[1368]])+*[[1991]] - [[Berenice Abbott ]], American photographer (b. [[1898]])
-*[[1544]] - [[Teofilo Folengo]], Italian poet (b. [[1491]])+
-*[[1565]] - [[Pope Pius IV]] (b. [[1499]])+
-*[[1603]] - [[William Watson (priest)|William Watson]], English conspirator (b. [[1559]])+
-*[[1625]] - [[Ubbo Emmius]], Dutch historian and geographer (b. [[1547]])+
-*[[1636]] - [[Fabian Birkowski]], Polish writer (b. [[1566]])+
-*[[1641]] - [[Anthony van Dyck]], Flemish painter (b. [[1599]])+
-*[[1669]] - [[Pope Clement IX]] (b. [[1600]])+
-*[[1674]] - [[Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon]], English statesman and historian (b. [[1609]])+
-*[[1692]] - [[William Mountfort]], English actor and dramatist+
-*[[1706]] - King [[Peter II of Portugal]] (b. [[1648]])+
-*[[1718]] - [[Vincenzo Coronelli]], Italian cartographer and encylopaedist (b. [[1650]])+
-*[[1793]] - [[Gabrielle de Polastron, comtesse de Polignac]], French aristocrat (b. [[1749]])+
-*[[1798]] - [[Johann Reinhold Forster]], German botanist (b. [[1729]])+
-*[[1830]] - [[Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher]], Danish surgeon, botanist and professor of anatomy (b. [[1757]])+
-*[[1854]] - [[Almeida Garrett]], Portuguese writer (b. [[1799]])+
-*[[1858]] - [[Robert Baldwin]], Canadian politician (b. [[1804]])+
-*[[1887]] - [[Mahmadu Lamine]], Senegalese marabout and military leader+
-*[[1894]] - [[Pafnuty Chebyshev]], Russian mathematician (b. [[1821]])+
-*[[1916]] - [[Natsume Sōseki]], Japanese novelist (b. [[1867]])+
-*[[1930]] - [[Rube Foster|Andrew "Rube" Foster]], American baseball player and founder of the Negro National League (b. [[1879]])+
-*[[1937]] - [[Nils Gustaf Dalén]], Swedish physicist and [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1869]])+
-*[[1941]] - [[Dmitry Merezhkovsky]], Russian writer and philosopher (b. [[1865]])+
-*[[1955]] - [[Hermann Weyl]], German mathematician (b. [[1885]])+
-*[[1964]] - Dame [[Edith Sitwell]], British poet and critic (b. [[1887]])+
-*[[1965]] - [[Branch Rickey]], American baseball commissioner (b. [[1884]])+
-*[[1970]] - Sir [[Feroz Khan Noon]], Prime Minister of [[Pakistan]]+
-*[[1971]] - [[Ralph Bunche]], American diplomat and [[Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1904]])+
-* 1971 - [[Sergey Konenkov]], Russian sculptor (b. [[1874]])+
-*[[1972]] - [[Louella Parsons]], American gossip columnist (b. [[1881]])+
-*[[1975]] - [[William A. Wellman]], American movie director (b. [[1896]])+
-*[[1979]] - [[Fulton J. Sheen]], American archbishop and television preacher ([[Life is Worth Living]]) (b. [[1895]])+
-*[[1981]] - [[Daniel Faulkner]], [[Philadelphia]] [[police]] officer (b. [[1955]]) +
-*[[1982]] - [[Leon Jaworski]], [[Watergate scandal]] special prosecutor (b. [[1905]])+
-*[[1984]] - [[Razzle|Nicholas "Razzle" Dingley]], British drummer ([[Hanoi Rocks]]) (b. [[1960]])+
-*[[1990]] - [[Mike Mazurki]], Ukrainian-born professional wrestler and actor (b. [[1907]])+
-*[[1992]] - [[Vincent Gardenia]], American stage, film and television actor (b. [[1922]])+
-*[[1993]] - [[Danny Blanchflower]], Northern Irish footballer and football manager (b. [[1926]])+
-*[[1995]] - [[Toni Cade Bambara]], American author (b. [[1939]])+
-* 1996 - [[Patty Donahue]], American singer ([[The Waitresses]]) (b. [[1956]])+
-*[[1996]] - [[Mary Leakey]], British archeologist and anthropologist (b. [[1913]])+
-* 1996 - [[Alain Poher]], French politician (b. [[1909]])+
-*[[1998]] - [[Shaughnessy Cohen]], Canadian politician (b. [[1948]])+
-* 1998 - [[Archie Moore]], American boxer and World [[Light-Heavyweight]] Champion (b. [[1913]])+
-*[[2001]] - [[Michael Carver]], British Lord Field Marshall and Baron and strong speaker against the Trident program.+
-*[[2002]] - [[Mary Hansen]], Australian guitarist and singer ([[Stereolab]]) (b. [[1966]])+
-* 2002 - [[Stan Rice]], American painter, educator, and poet (b. [[1942]])+
-*[[2003]] - [[Paul Simon (politician)|Paul Simon]], U.S. Senator from Illinois (b. [[1928]])+
-*[[2004]] - [[David Brudnoy]], American radio personality (b. [[1940]])+
-* 2004 - [[Lea De Mae]], Czech actress (b. [[1976]])+
-*[[2005]] - [[György Sándor]], Hungarian pianist (b. [[1912]])+
-* 2005 - [[Robert Sheckley]], American author (b. [[1928]])+
- +
-== Notes ==+
-Juan Atkins +
-John Willie +
-Donald Byrd +
-John Cassavetes +
-John Milton +
-Ödön von Horváth +
-John Malkovich +
-Salome (opera) +
-Berenice Abbott +
-Pierre Henry +
-Buck Henry +
-A Love Supreme +
-Edith Sitwell +
-Ennio de Concini +
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

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