Dirigisme
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| - | '''Jacques René Chirac''' (29 November 1932 – 26 September 2019) was a French politician who served as [[President of France]] and ''ex officio'' [[Co-Prince of Andorra]] from 1995 to 2007. Chirac was previously the [[Prime Minister of France]] from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988, as well as the [[List of mayors of Paris|Mayor of Paris]] from 1977 to 1995. | ||
| - | After completing his degree at [[Sciences Po]], a term at [[Harvard University]], and the [[École nationale d'administration]], Chirac began his career as a high-level civil servant, and entered politics shortly thereafter. Chirac occupied various senior positions, including [[Minister of Agriculture (France)|Minister of Agriculture]] and [[Minister of the Interior (France)|Minister of the Interior]]. Chirac's internal policies initially included lower tax rates, the removal of [[price controls]], strong punishment for crime and terrorism, and business [[privatisation]]. After pursuing these policies in his second term as Prime Minister, he changed his views. He argued for more socially responsible [[economic policies]], and was elected President in the [[1995 French presidential election|1995 presidential election]] with 52.6% of the vote in the second round, beating Socialist [[Lionel Jospin]], after campaigning on a platform of healing the "social rift" (''fracture sociale''). Then, Chirac's economic policies, based on ''[[dirigisme]]'', allowing for state-directed investment, stood in opposition to the ''[[laissez-faire]]'' policies of the United Kingdom under the ministries of [[Premiership of Margaret Thatcher|Margaret Thatcher]] and [[John Major]], which Chirac famously described as "[[Anglosphere|Anglo-Saxon]] [[Classical liberalism|ultraliberalism]]". | + | '''Dirigisme''' or '''dirigism''' is an economic doctrine in which the state plays a strong directive role, as opposed to a merely [[Regulation|regulatory]] role, over a [[capitalist]] [[market economy]]. |
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | * [[Colbertism]] | ||
| + | * [[Developmental state]] | ||
| + | * [[Economic planning]] | ||
| + | * [[French Fourth Republic]] (1946–1958) | ||
| + | * [[Indicative planning]] | ||
| + | * [[Industrial policy]] | ||
| + | * [[Mercantilism]] | ||
| + | * [[Mixed economy]] | ||
| + | * [[State capitalism]] | ||
| + | * [[State-owned enterprise]] | ||
| + | * [[State-sponsored capitalism]] | ||
| - | He was also known for his stand against the [[Iraq War|American-led assault on Iraq]], his recognition of the [[Vichy France|collaborationist French Government]]'s role in [[The Holocaust in France|deporting Jews]], and his reduction of the presidential term from 7 years to 5 through a [[2000 French constitutional referendum|referendum]] in 2000. At the [[2002 French presidential election]], he won 82.2% of the vote in the second round against the far-right candidate, [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]. During his second term, however, he had a very low approval rating, and was considered one of the least popular presidents in modern French history. | + | ===Economies with dirigisme or similar policies=== |
| - | + | * [[American School (economics)|American School]] (1860s-1970s) | |
| - | On 15 December 2011, the Paris court declared Chirac guilty of diverting public funds and abusing public confidence, and gave him a two-year suspended prison sentence. | + | * [[Chinese model]] |
| + | * [[Economy of France]] (1945-1975) often known as [[Trente Glorieuses|Thirty glorious years]] | ||
| + | * [[Economy of Singapore]] | ||
| + | * [[Four Asian Tigers]] | ||
| + | * [[German model|German post-war economic model]] | ||
| + | * [[Japanese post-war economic miracle]] | ||
| + | * [[National Policy|National Policy of Canada (1876–1920)]] | ||
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Dirigisme or dirigism is an economic doctrine in which the state plays a strong directive role, as opposed to a merely regulatory role, over a capitalist market economy.
[edit]
See also
- Colbertism
- Developmental state
- Economic planning
- French Fourth Republic (1946–1958)
- Indicative planning
- Industrial policy
- Mercantilism
- Mixed economy
- State capitalism
- State-owned enterprise
- State-sponsored capitalism
[edit]
Economies with dirigisme or similar policies
- American School (1860s-1970s)
- Chinese model
- Economy of France (1945-1975) often known as Thirty glorious years
- Economy of Singapore
- Four Asian Tigers
- German post-war economic model
- Japanese post-war economic miracle
- National Policy of Canada (1876–1920)
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