Dutch Reformed Church
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| - | [[John Calvin]] @500 | ||
| - | :''[[Calvinism]], [[16th century Europe]], [[Northern Renaissance]], [[Protestant work ethic]], [[iconoclasm]]'' | + | '''Dutch Reformed Church''' (in [[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Nederlands Hervormde Kerk'' or NHK) was one of many branches of churches established during the [[Protestant Reformation]] in Europe in the sixteenth century. While the Dutch Reformed Church was based in the Netherlands, other churches holding similar theological views were founded in France, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, England, and Scotland. The theology and practice of the Dutch Reformed Church, and its sister churches in the countries named, were based on the teachings of [[John Calvin]] and the many other Reformers of his time. Since a 2004 merger, the church has formed a part of the [[Protestant Church in the Netherlands]] (''Protestantse Kerk in Nederland'', or PKN). Currently it has nearly two million members in the Netherlands. |
| - | '''John Calvin''' ''né'' '''Jean Cauvin''' (10 July 1509 – 27 May 1564) was an influential [[French theologian]] and pastor during the [[Protestant Reformation]]. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of [[Christian theology]] later called [[Calvinism]]. Originally trained as a [[Renaissance Humanism|humanist]] lawyer, he suddenly broke from the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in the 1520s. After religious tensions provoked a violent uprising against Protestants in France, Calvin fled to [[Basel]], [[Switzerland]], where in 1536 he published the first edition of his seminal work ''[[Institutes of the Christian Religion]]''. | + | |
| - | In the [[1540s]] the Frenchman [[John Calvin]] founded a church in [[Geneva]] which forbade alcohol and dancing, and which taught [[Predestination|God had selected those destined to be saved from the beginning of time]]. His [[Calvinist Church]] gained about half of [[Switzerland]] and churches based on his teachings became dominant in the [[Netherlands]] (the [[Dutch Reformed Church]]) and Scotland (the [[Presbyterian Church]]). | ||
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| - | ==Against libertines== | ||
| - | Libertine is originally a negative term, derived by [[John Calvin]], for opponents of his policies in Geneva, currently in Switzerland. This group, led by [[Ami Perrin]], argued against Calvin's "insistence that church discipline should be enforced uniformly against all members of Genevan society". Perrin and his allies were elected to the town council in 1548, and "broadened their support base in [[Geneva]] by stirring up resentment among the older inhabitants against the increasing number of religious refugees who were fleeing France in even greater numbers". By 1555, [[Calvinist]]s were firmly in place on the Genevan town council, so the Libertines, led by Perrin, responded with an "attempted coup against the government and called for the massacre of the French ... This was the last great political challenge Calvin had to face in Geneva. | ||
| - | ==Reformation iconoclasm== | ||
| - | Some of the [[Protestantism|Protestant]] reformers, in particular [[Andreas Karlstadt]], [[Huldrych Zwingli]] and [[John Calvin]] encouraged the removal of religious images by invoking the [[Ten Commandments|Decalogue's]] prohibition of idolatry and the manufacture of graven images of God. As a result, statues and images were damaged in spontaneous individual attacks as well as unauthorised iconoclastic riots. However, in most cases images were removed in an orderly manner by civil authorities in the newly reformed cities and territories of Europe. | ||
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Dutch Reformed Church (in Dutch: Nederlands Hervormde Kerk or NHK) was one of many branches of churches established during the Protestant Reformation in Europe in the sixteenth century. While the Dutch Reformed Church was based in the Netherlands, other churches holding similar theological views were founded in France, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary, England, and Scotland. The theology and practice of the Dutch Reformed Church, and its sister churches in the countries named, were based on the teachings of John Calvin and the many other Reformers of his time. Since a 2004 merger, the church has formed a part of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands (Protestantse Kerk in Nederland, or PKN). Currently it has nearly two million members in the Netherlands.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Dutch Reformed Church" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
