Dysphemism
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+ | In [[language]], '''dysphemism''' (from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''dys'' δύς "mis-" and ''pheme'' φήμη "reputation"), '''malphemism''' (in [[Latin Language|Latin]] ''malus'' "bad"), and '''cacophemism''' (in [[Greek language|Greek]] ''kakos'' κακός "bad") refer to the usage of an intentionally harsh word or expression instead of a polite one; they are rough opposites of [[euphemism]]. | ||
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+ | Referring to the paper version of an online magazine as the "[[dead tree edition]]" or conventional [[mail|postal mail]] as "[[snail-mail]]" are examples of dysphemisms. | ||
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+ | ==Related terms== | ||
+ | While "dysphemism" or "malphemism" may be either offensive or merely [[humor]]ously deprecating, "cacophemism" is usually deliberately offensive. The term "orthophemism" has been offered to refer to a neutral name or expression. | ||
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+ | Some humorous expressions can be either euphemistic or dysphemic depending on context because terms which can be dysphemic can also be affectionate. For example, ''pushing up daisies'' can be taken as either softer or harsher than ''died''. Such variance can also be cultural; for instance, "[[twit]]" is a dysphemism for "idiot", but in [[British English]] is nearly always a humorous or affectionate term. | ||
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+ | ==See also== | ||
+ | * [[Satiric misspelling]] | ||
+ | * [[Euphemism]] | ||
+ | * [[Hyperbole]] | ||
+ | * [[Metaphor]] | ||
+ | * [[Pejorative]] | ||
+ | * [[Loaded language]] | ||
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In language, dysphemism (from the Greek dys δύς "mis-" and pheme φήμη "reputation"), malphemism (in Latin malus "bad"), and cacophemism (in Greek kakos κακός "bad") refer to the usage of an intentionally harsh word or expression instead of a polite one; they are rough opposites of euphemism.
Referring to the paper version of an online magazine as the "dead tree edition" or conventional postal mail as "snail-mail" are examples of dysphemisms.
Related terms
While "dysphemism" or "malphemism" may be either offensive or merely humorously deprecating, "cacophemism" is usually deliberately offensive. The term "orthophemism" has been offered to refer to a neutral name or expression.
Some humorous expressions can be either euphemistic or dysphemic depending on context because terms which can be dysphemic can also be affectionate. For example, pushing up daisies can be taken as either softer or harsher than died. Such variance can also be cultural; for instance, "twit" is a dysphemism for "idiot", but in British English is nearly always a humorous or affectionate term.
See also