Experiment
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | "One might add that the philosophical tradition is replete with imagined scenarios and [[thought experiment]]s: from [[Cave allegory|Plato's Cave]] or the [[Chariot Allegory|Winged Charioteer]] to [[Avicenna's flying man]], [[Evil demon|Descartes's genius malignus]], [[Master-Slave Dialectic|Hegel's Master-Slave Dialectic]], [[Nietzsche's Madman]], [[Veil of ignorance|Rawls' Veil of Ignorance]], [[Mary's Room|Frank Jackson's Mary]] and [[What Is it Like to Be a Bat?|Thomas Nagel's Bat]]." --''[[The Iconic Imagination]]'', [[Douglas Hedley]] | ||
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| [[Image:The-bouba-kiki-effect.png|thumb|right|200px|The [[Bouba/kiki effect]] (1929)]] | [[Image:The-bouba-kiki-effect.png|thumb|right|200px|The [[Bouba/kiki effect]] (1929)]] | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | An '''experiment''' is a methodical procedure carried out with the goal of verifying, falsifying, or establishing the validity of a [[hypothesis]]. Experiments provide insight into [[Causality|cause-and-effect]] by demonstrating what outcome occurs when a particular factor is manipulated. Experiments vary greatly in their goal and scale, but always rely on repeatable procedure and logical analysis of the results. A child may carry out basic experiments to understand the nature of gravity, while teams of scientists may take years of systematic investigation to advance the understanding of a phenomenon. Experiments can vary from personal and informal (e.g. tasting a range of chocolates to find a favorite), to highly controlled (e.g. tests requiring complex apparatus overseen by many scientists that hope to discover information about subatomic particles). Uses of experiments vary considerably between the [[Natural science|natural]] and [[Social science|social]] sciences. | + | An '''experiment''' is a procedure carried out to support, refute, or validate a [[hypothesis]]. Experiments provide insight into [[Causality|cause-and-effect]] by demonstrating what outcome occurs when a particular factor is manipulated. Experiments vary greatly in goal and scale, but always rely on repeatable procedure and logical analysis of the results. There also exists [[natural experiment|natural experimental studies]]. |
| - | ==See also== | + | |
| - | *[[Experimental]] | + | |
| - | **[[Experimental literature]] | + | |
| - | **[[Experimental music]] | + | |
| - | **[[Experimental film]] | + | |
| - | **[[Experimental art]] | + | |
| - | *[[Experimental physics]] | + | |
| - | *[[List of experiments]] | + | |
| - | *[[Long-term experiment]] | + | |
| - | *[[True experiment]] | + | |
| - | *[[Psychological experiment]] | + | |
| + | A child may carry out basic experiments to understand gravity, while teams of scientists may take years of systematic investigation to advance their understanding of a phenomenon. Experiments and other types of hands-on activities are very important to student learning in the science classroom. Experiments can raise test scores and help a student become more engaged and interested in the material they are learning, especially when used over time. Experiments can vary from personal and informal natural comparisons (e.g. tasting a range of chocolates to find a favorite), to highly controlled (e.g. tests requiring complex apparatus overseen by many scientists that hope to discover information about subatomic particles). Uses of experiments vary considerably between the [[Natural science|natural]] and [[Social science|human]] sciences. | ||
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| + | Experiments typically include [[scientific control|controls]], which are designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the single [[independent variable]]. This increases the reliability of the results, often through a comparison between control [[measurement]]s and the other measurements. Scientific controls are a part of the [[scientific method]]. Ideally, all variables in an experiment are controlled (accounted for by the control measurements) and none are uncontrolled. In such an experiment, if all controls work as expected, it is possible to conclude that the experiment works as intended, and that results are due to the effect of the tested variable. | ||
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| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | * [[Experimental]] | ||
| + | ** [[Experimental literature]] | ||
| + | ** [[Experimental music]] | ||
| + | ** [[Experimental film]] | ||
| + | ** [[Experimental art]] | ||
| + | * [[Allegiance bias]] | ||
| + | * [[Black box|Black box experimentation]] | ||
| + | * [[Concept development and experimentation]] | ||
| + | * [[Design of experiments]] | ||
| + | * [[Experimentum crucis]] | ||
| + | * [[Experimental physics]] | ||
| + | * [[Empirical research]] | ||
| + | * [[List of experiments]] | ||
| + | * [[Long-term experiment]] | ||
| + | * [[Psychological experiment]] | ||
| + | * [[Thought experiment]] | ||
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Current revision
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"One might add that the philosophical tradition is replete with imagined scenarios and thought experiments: from Plato's Cave or the Winged Charioteer to Avicenna's flying man, Descartes's genius malignus, Hegel's Master-Slave Dialectic, Nietzsche's Madman, Rawls' Veil of Ignorance, Frank Jackson's Mary and Thomas Nagel's Bat." --The Iconic Imagination, Douglas Hedley |
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An experiment is a procedure carried out to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis. Experiments provide insight into cause-and-effect by demonstrating what outcome occurs when a particular factor is manipulated. Experiments vary greatly in goal and scale, but always rely on repeatable procedure and logical analysis of the results. There also exists natural experimental studies.
A child may carry out basic experiments to understand gravity, while teams of scientists may take years of systematic investigation to advance their understanding of a phenomenon. Experiments and other types of hands-on activities are very important to student learning in the science classroom. Experiments can raise test scores and help a student become more engaged and interested in the material they are learning, especially when used over time. Experiments can vary from personal and informal natural comparisons (e.g. tasting a range of chocolates to find a favorite), to highly controlled (e.g. tests requiring complex apparatus overseen by many scientists that hope to discover information about subatomic particles). Uses of experiments vary considerably between the natural and human sciences.
Experiments typically include controls, which are designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the single independent variable. This increases the reliability of the results, often through a comparison between control measurements and the other measurements. Scientific controls are a part of the scientific method. Ideally, all variables in an experiment are controlled (accounted for by the control measurements) and none are uncontrolled. In such an experiment, if all controls work as expected, it is possible to conclude that the experiment works as intended, and that results are due to the effect of the tested variable.
See also
- Experimental
- Allegiance bias
- Black box experimentation
- Concept development and experimentation
- Design of experiments
- Experimentum crucis
- Experimental physics
- Empirical research
- List of experiments
- Long-term experiment
- Psychological experiment
- Thought experiment
