February 27  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
- +* [[380]] – [[Edict of Thessalonica]]: Emperor [[Theodosius I]], with co-emperors [[Gratian]] and [[Valentinian II]], declare their wish that all [[Roman citizenship|Roman citizens]] convert to trinitarian [[Christianity]].
-*[[1560]] - The [[Treaty of Berwick (1560)|Treaty of Berwick]], which would expel the [[France|French]] from [[Scotland]], is signed by [[England]] and the Congregation of [[Scotland]].+
-*[[1594]] - [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV]] is crowned [[Monarch|King]] of [[France]].+
-*[[1617]] - [[Sweden]] and [[Russia]] sign the [[Treaty of Stolbovo]], ending the [[Ingrian War]] and shutting [[Russia]] out of the [[Baltic Sea]].+
-*[[1626]] - [[Yuan Chonghuan]] is appointed Governor of Liaodong, after he led the Chinese into a great victory against the Manchurians under [[Nurhaci]].+
-*[[1700]] - The island of [[New Britain]] is discovered.+
-*[[1801]] - [[Washington, DC]] is placed under the jurisdiction of the [[Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress]].+
-*[[1812]] - Poet [[George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron|Lord Byron]] gives his first address as a member of the [[House of Lords]], in defense of [[Luddite]] violence against [[Industrialism]] in his home county of [[Nottinghamshire]].+
-*[[1844]] - The [[Dominican Republic]] gains independence from [[Haiti]].+
-*[[1860]] - [[Abraham Lincoln]] makes a speech at [[Cooper Union]] in the city of [[New York City|New York]] that was largely responsible for his election to the [[President of the United States|Presidency]].+
-*[[1861]] - A crowd in [[Warsaw]] protesting [[Russia]]n rule over [[Poland]] is fired upon by [[Russian (ethnicity)|Russian]] troops, killing five protesters.+
-*[[1864]] - [[American Civil War]]: The first [[Northern United States|Northern]] prisoners arrive at the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] prison at [[Andersonville, Georgia]].+
-*[[1879]] - Announcement of the discovery of artificial sweetener [[saccharin]].+
-*[[1900]] - [[Second Boer War]]: In [[South Africa]], [[United Kingdom|British]] military leaders receive an unconditional notice of surrender from [[Boer]] [[General]] [[Piet Cronje]] at the [[Battle of Paardeberg]].+
-* 1900 - The [[Labour Party (UK)|British Labour Party]] is founded.+
-* 1900 - The [[FC Bayern München]] ([[Munich]]) is founded.+
-*[[1921]] - The [[International Working Union of Socialist Parties]] is founded in [[Vienna]].+
-*[[1922]] - A challenge to the [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]], allowing women the right to [[vote]], is rebuffed by the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] in [[Leser v. Garnett]].+
-*[[1933]] - [[Reichstag fire]]: [[Germany]]'s parliament building in [[Berlin]], the [[Reichstag (building)|Reichstag]], is set on fire.+
-*[[1939]] - [[American Civil Rights Movement (1896-1954)|American Civil Rights Movement]]: Sit-down [[Strike action|strike]]s are outlawed by the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].+
-*[[1940]] - [[Martin Kamen]] and [[Sam Ruben]] discovered [[carbon-14]]+
-*[[1942]] - [[World War II]]: During the [[Battle of the Java Sea]], an allied ([[ABDA]]) strike force is defeated by a Japanese task force in the [[Java Sea]] in the [[Dutch East Indies]]+
-*[[1943]] - The [[Smith Mine disaster|Smith Mine #3]] in [[Bearcreek, Montana|Bearcreek]], [[Montana]], explodes, killing 74 men.+
-* 1943 - The [[Rosenstrasse protest]] starts in Berlin+
-*[[1951]] - The [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution]], limiting [[President of the United States|Presidents]] to two terms, is ratified.+
-*[[1961]] - The first congress of the [[Spanish Trade Union Organisation]] is inaugurated.+
-*[[1963]] - The [[Dominican Republic]] receives its first democratically elected [[president]], [[Juan Bosch]], since the end of the dictatorship led by [[Rafael Trujillo]].+
-*[[1964]] - The government of [[Italy]] asks for help to keep the [[Leaning Tower of Pisa]] from toppling over.+
-*[[1967]] - [[Dominica]] gains independence from the [[United Kingdom]].+
-*[[1971]] - Doctors in the first [[The Netherlands|Dutch]] [[abortion clinic]] (the Mildredhuis in [[Arnhem]]) start to perform [[abortus provocatus|aborti provocati]].+
-*[[1973]] - The [[American Indian Movement]] occupies [[Wounded Knee, South Dakota]].+
-*[[1974]] - [[People (magazine)|People]] [[magazine]] is published for the first time.+
-*[[1976]] - The formerly [[Spain|Spanish]] territory of [[Western Sahara]], under the auspices of the [[Polisario Front]] declares independence as the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]].+
-*[[1986]] - The [[United States Senate]] allows its debates to be [[television|televised]] on a trial basis.+
-*[[1989]] - [[Venezuela]] is rocked by the [[Caracazo]].+
-*[[1991]] - [[Gulf War]]: [[U.S.]] [[President]] [[George H. W. Bush]] announces that "[[Kuwait]] is liberated."+
-*[[1996]] - [[Satoshi Tajiri]] creates the hit [[media franchise]] [[Pokémon]].+
-*[[1999]] - While trying to circumnavigate the world in a [[hot air balloon]], Colin Prescot and Andy Elson set a new endurance record after being in a hot air balloon for 233 hours and 55 minutes.+
-* 1999 - [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] becomes [[Nigeria]]'s first elected president since mid-[[1983]].+
-* 1999 - [[Korea International School]] is founded by Soon-Il Chung. It is currently directed by Ann Clapper.+
-*[[2002]] - [[Ryanair Flight 296]] catches fire in [[London Stansted Airport]]. Subsequent investigations criticize [[Ryanair]]'s handling of the evacuation.+
-* 2002 - [[Godhra train burning]], a [[Muslim]] mob kills 59 [[Hindu]] pilgrims returning from [[Ayodhya]];+
-*[[2003]] - [[Rowan Williams]] is enthroned as the 104th [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] in the [[Anglican]] [[church]].+
-*[[2004]] - A bombing of a [[Superferry 14|Superferry]] by [[Abu Sayyaf]] in the [[Philippines]] worst terrorist attack kills 116.+
-* 2004 - Former [[Barbuda People's Movement for Change|BPMC]] general secretary Ordrick Samuel launches a new party in [[Barbuda]], [[Barbudans for a Better Barbuda]].+
-*[[2005]] - Pre-pay price capping on the [[Transport for London]] [[oyster card]] is introduced.+
-*[[2007]] - The [[2007 Guinean general strike|general strike]] against [[Lansana Conté]] in [[Guinea]] ends.+
-*[[2007]] - [[The Chinese Correction]], the [[Shanghai Stock Exchange]] tumbled 9% the largest drop in 10 years.+
==Births== ==Births==
-* [[272]] - [[Constantine I (emperor)|Constantine I]], Roman emperor (d. [[337]]) 
-*[[1691]] - [[Edward Cave]], English editor and publisher (d. [[1754]]) 
-*[[1711]] - [[Constantine Mavrocordatos]], Prince of Wallachia and Prince of Moldavia (d. [[1769]]) 
-*[[1779]] - [[Thomas Hazlehurst (businessman)|Thomas Hazlehurst]], English soap and alkali manufacturer (d. [[1842]]) 
*[[1807]] - [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]], American poet (d. [[1882]]) *[[1807]] - [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]], American poet (d. [[1882]])
-*[[1831]] - [[Hiram Bond Everest]], American cofounder of The [[Vacuum Oil]] Company (d. [[1913]])+*[[1902]] - [[John Steinbeck]], American writer (d. [[1968]])
-*[[1862]] - [[Anastasios Metaxas]], Greek architect and shooter (d. [[1937]])+*[[1912]] - [[Lawrence Durrell]], British writer (d. 1990)
-*[[1878]] - [[Alvan T. Fuller]], 50<sup>th</sup> [[Governor of Massachusetts]] (d. [[1958]])+*[[1932]] - [[Elizabeth Taylor]], British-American actress (d. 2011)
-*[[1886]] - [[Hugo Black]], U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. [[1971]])+*[[1933]] - [[Edward Lucie-Smith]], British writer, poet, art critic and curator
-*[[1888]] - [[Roberto Assagioli]], Italian psychiatrist (d. [[1974]])+*[[1955]] - [[Peter Christopherson]], English musician and video director (Psychic TV) (d. 2010)
-* 1888 - [[Earl Caddock]], American professional wrestler (d. [[1950]])+*[[1957]] - [[Timothy Spall]], English actor
-* 1888 - [[Lotte Lehmann]], German singer (d. [[1976]])+*[[1965]] - [[Joakim Sundström]], Swedish sound editor, sound designer and musician
-*[[1890]] - [[Freddie Keppard]], American jazz musician (d. [[1933]])+
-*[[1891]] - [[David Sarnoff]], Russian-born broadcast pioneer (d. [[1971]])+
-* 1891 - [[Anne Samson]], oldest-ever nun documented (d. [[2004]])+
-*[[1892]] - [[William Demarest]], American actor (d. [[1983]])+
-*[[1897]] - [[Marian Anderson]], American contralto (d. [[1993]])+
-*[[1899]] - [[Charles Best]], Canadian medical scientist (d. [[1978]])+
-*[[1902]] - [[Gene Sarazen]], American golfer (d. [[1999]])+
-* 1902 - [[John Steinbeck]], American writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel laureate]] (d. [[1968]])+
-*[[1903]] - [[Grethe Weiser]], German actress (d. [[1970]])+
-*[[1904]] - [[James T. Farrell]], American writer (d. [[1979]])+
-* 1904 - [[Yulii Borisovich Khariton]], Russian physicist (d. [[1996]])+
-* 1904 - [[André Leducq]], French cyclist (d. [[1980]])+
-* 1904 - [[Chick Fullis]], American baseball player (d. [[1946]])+
-*[[1905]] - [[Franchot Tone]], American actor (d. [[1968]])+
-*[[1907]] - [[Mildred Bailey]], American singer (d. [[1951]])+
-*[[1910]] - [[Joan Bennett]], American actress (d. [[1990]])+
-* 1910 - [[Peter De Vries]], American writer (d. [[1993]])+
-* 1910 - [[Ted Horn]], American race car driver (d. [[1948]])+
-* 1910 - [[Clarence Johnson|Clarence "Kelly" Johnson]], American aircraft engineer ([[Lockheed]] [[Skunk Works]]; d. [[1990]])+
-*[[1912]] - [[Lawrence Durrell]], British writer (d. [[1990]])+
-*[[1913]] - [[Irwin Shaw]], American writer (d. [[1984]])+
-*[[1913]] - [[Kazimierz Sabbat]], Polish president (d. [[1989]])+
-*[[1917]] - [[John Connally]], Governor of Texas (d. [[1993]])+
-*[[1922]] - [[Hans Rookmaaker]], Dutch professor and art historian (d. [[1977]])+
-*[[1923]] - [[Dexter Gordon]], American jazz saxophonist (d. [[1990]])+
-*[[1925]] - [[Samuel Dash]], American Congressional counsel (d. [[2004]])+
-*[[1926]] - [[David H. Hubel]], Canadian neuroscientist, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate+
-*[[1927]] - [[Lynn Cartwright]], American actress (d. [[2004]])+
-* 1927 - [[Guy Mitchell]], American singer (d. [[1999]])+
-*[[1928]] - [[Ariel Sharon]], former Prime Minister of Israel+
-*[[1929]] - [[Djalma Santos]], Brazilian footballer+
-*[[1930]] - [[Paul von Rague Schleyer|Paul von Ragué Schleyer]], American chemist +
-* 1930 - [[Peter Stone]], American writer (d. [[2003]])+
-* 1930 - [[Joanne Woodward]], American actress+
-*[[1932]] - [[Elizabeth Taylor]], British-American actress+
-*[[1933]] - [[Raymond Berry]], American football player+
-*[[1934]] - [[Vincent Fourcade]], French interior designer (d. [[1992]])+
-* 1934 - [[N. Scott Momaday]], American writer+
-* 1934 - [[Ralph Nader]], American consumer activist+
-* 1934 - [[Van Williams]], American actor+
-*[[1935]] - [[Mirella Freni]], Italian soprano+
-*[[1936]] - [[Ron Barassi]], Australian rules footballer+
-* 1936 - [[Roger Mahony]], fourth Archbishop of Los Angeles+
-*[[1937]] - [[David Ackles]], American singer songwriter (d. [[1999]])+
-* 1937 - [[Barbara Babcock]], American actress+
-*[[1939]] - [[Peter Revson]], American racecar driver (d. [[1974]])+
-*[[1940]] - [[Howard Hesseman]], American actor+
-* 1940 - [[Bill Hunter (actor)|Bill Hunter]], Australian actor+
-*[[1941]] - [[Paddy Ashdown]], British politician+
-*[[1942]] - [[Robert H. Grubbs]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate+
-* 1942 - [[Charlayne Hunter-Gault]], American journalist+
-* 1942 - [[Michel Forget]], French Canadian actor+
-*[[1943]] - [[Mary Frann]], American actress (d. [[1998]])+
-* 1943 - [[Morten Lauridsen]], American composer+
-*[[1944]] - [[Ken Grimwood]], American writer (d. [[2003]])+
-*[[1945]] - [[Carl Anderson (singer)|Carl Anderson]], American singer and actor (d. [[2004]])+
-*[[1947]] - [[Gidon Kremer]], Latvian violinist+
-*[[1951]] - [[Steve Harley]], British rock musician (Steve Harley and Cockney Rebel)+
-*[[1952]] - [[Stathis Psaltis]], Greek actor+
-*[[1953]] - [[Gabriela Svobodová]], Czech cross country skier+
-*[[1954]] - [[Neal Schon]], American musician ([[Journey (band)|Journey]])+
-*[[1955]] - [[Peter Christopherson]], English musician, video director and designer+
-*[[1957]] - [[Viktor Markin]], Russian athlete+
-* 1957 - [[Timothy Spall]], English actor+
-* 1957 - [[Danny Antonucci]], Canadian animator+
-* 1957 - [[Adrian Smith]], English musician ([[Iron Maiden]])+
-*[[1958]] - [[Nancy Spungen]], girlfriend of [[Sid Vicious]] (d. [[1978]])+
-*[[1959]] - [[Johnny Van Zant]], American singer ([[Lynyrd Skynyrd]])+
-*[[1960]] - [[Andrés Gómez]], Ecuadorian tennis player+
-*[[1962]] - [[Adam Baldwin]], American actor+
-* 1962 - [[Grant Show]], American actor+
-*[[1963]] - [[Pär Nuder]], Swedish politician+
-*[[1964]] - [[Todd Bodine]], American race car driver +
-*[[1965]] - [[Noah Emmerich]], American actor+
-* 1965 - [[Frank Peter Zimmermann]], German violinist+
-* 1965 - [[Joakim Sundström]], Swedish sound editor, sound designer and musician+
-*[[1966]] - [[Donal Logue]], Canadian actor+
-*[[1968]] - [[Matt Stairs]], Canadian baseball player+
-*[[1969]] - [[Brad Vander Ark]], American musician+
-*[[1970]] - [[Michael A. Burstein]], American writer+
-* 1970 - [[Patricia Petibon]], French opera singer+
*[[1971]] - [[Derren Brown]], British psychological illusionist *[[1971]] - [[Derren Brown]], British psychological illusionist
-* 1971 - [[Rozonda Thomas|Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas]], American singer ([[TLC (music)|TLC]]) 
-*[[1973]] - [[Ali Tabatabaee]], American Iranian rapper ([[Zebrahead]]) 
-* 1973 - [[Mark Taylor (rugby player)|Mark Taylor]], Welsh rugby union footballer 
-* 1973 - [[Peter André]], English singer - Husband to [[Katie Price]], Glamour model 
-*[[1975]] - [[Prodromos Korkizoglou]], Greek decathlete 
-* 1975 - [[Shelby Walker]], American mixed martial artist (d. [[2006]]) 
-*[[1976]] - [[Tony Gonzalez (football player)|Tony Gonzalez]], American football player 
-*[[1977]] - [[Lance Hoyt]], American professional wrestler 
-* 1977 - [[Ji Sung]], South Korean actor 
-*[[1978]] - [[James Beattie (footballer)|James Beattie]], English footballer 
-*[[1980]] - [[Bobby Valentino]], American singer 
-* 1980 - [[Chelsea Clinton]], daughter of [[Bill Clinton|Bill]] and [[Hillary Clinton]] 
-*[[1981]] - [[Josh Groban]], American singer 
-*[[1983]] - [[Hayley Angel Wardle]], English actress 
-*[[1984]] - [[Juliana Imai]], Brazilian model 
-* 1984 - [[David Noel]], American basketball player 
-* 1984 - [[Antti Tuisku]], Finnish singer 
-* 1984 - [[Lotta Schelin]], Swedish female footballer 
-*[[1986]] - [[Nicole Linkletter]], [[America's Next Top Model]] 
-*[[1989]] - [[Kelly Breeding]], American singer from B5 
-*[[1991]] - [[Azeem Rafiq]], Yorkshire CCC & English U15 captain 
-<!--Do not add yourself, or anyone else who does not already have a Wikipedia article, to this list. Duplicate instances of years should not be links. --> 
==Deaths== ==Deaths==
-*[[1659]] - [[Henry Dunster]], first President of Harvard College (b. [[1609]])+*[[1936]] - [[Ivan Pavlov]], Russian physiologist (b. [[1849]])
-*[[1699]] - [[Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton]], English politician (b. c. [[1625]])+*[[1950]] - [[Yvan Goll]], French-German poet (b. [[1891]])
-*[[1706]] - [[John Evelyn]], English diarist (b. [[1620]])+*[[1992]] - [[Fernando Ribeiro]], Portuguese writer and publisher (''Edições Afrodite'') (b. [[1941]])
-*[[1720]] - [[Samuel Parris]], English-born Puritan minister (b. [[1653]])+
-*[[1735]] - [[John Arbuthnot]], English physician and writer (b. [[1667]])+
-*[[1844]] - [[Nicholas Biddle (1786-1844)|Nicholas Biddle]], President of the Second Bank of the United States (b. [[1786]])+
-*[[1887]] - [[Alexander Borodin]], Russian composer and chemist (b. [[1833]])+
-*[[1892]] - [[Louis Vuitton]], French luggage maker (b. [[1821]])+
-*[[1902]] - [[Breaker Morant]], Anglo-Australian soldier executed in Boer War under controversial circumstances (b. [[1864]])+
-*[[1921]] - [[Schofield Haigh]], English cricketer (b. [[1871]])+
-*[[1932]] - [[William Southam]], Canadian newspaper publisher (b. [[1843]])+
-*[[1936]] - [[Ivan Pavlov]], Russian physiologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1849]])+
-* 1936 - [[Joshua W. Alexander]], U.S. Secretary of Commerce under [[Woodrow Wilson]] (b. [[1852]])+
-*[[1941]] - [[William D. Byron]], U.S. Congressman (b. [[1895]])+
-*[[1943]] - [[Kostis Palamas]], Greek poet, twice nominated for the [[Nobel prize]] (b. [[1859]])+
-*[[1964]] - [[Orry-Kelly]], Australian costume designer (b. [[1897]])+
-*[[1968]] - [[Frankie Lymon]], American singer (b. [[1942]])+
-*[[1969]] - [[Marius Barbeau]], French Canadian folklorist (b. [[1883]])+
-*[[1970]] - [[Marie Dionne]], one of the French Canadian [[Dionne quintuplets]] (b. [[1934]])+
-*[[1972]] - [[Pat Brady]], American actor and singer (b. [[1914]])+
-*[[1977]] - [[John Dickson Carr]], American author (b. [[1905]])+
-*[[1978]] - [[Vadim Salmanov]], Russian composer (b. [[1912]])+
-*[[1980]] - [[George Tobias]], American actor (b. [[1901]])+
-*[[1981]] - [[Jacob H. Gilbert]], American politician (b. [[1920]])+
-*[[1985]] - [[Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.|Henry Cabot Lodge]], American politician (b. [[1902]])+
-*[[1986]] - [[Jacques Plante]], Canadian ice hockey player (b. [[1929]])+
-*[[1987]] - [[Joan Greenwood]], English actress and director (b. [[1921]])+
-*[[1989]] - [[Paul Oswald Ahnert]], German astronomer (b. [[1897]])+
-* 1989 - [[Konrad Lorenz]], Austrian zoologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1903]])+
-*[[1990]] - [[Nahum Norbert Glatzer]], Jewish-American scholar (b. [[1903]])+
-*[[1992]] - [[S. I. Hayakawa]], Canadian-American linguist and politician (b. [[1906]])+
*[[1993]] - [[Lillian Gish]], American actress (b. [[1893]]) *[[1993]] - [[Lillian Gish]], American actress (b. [[1893]])
-*[[1998]] - [[George H. Hitchings]], American scientist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1905]]) 
-* 1998 - [[J. T. Walsh]], American actor (b. [[1943]]) 
*[[2002]] - [[Spike Milligan]], Irish comedian (b. [[1918]]) *[[2002]] - [[Spike Milligan]], Irish comedian (b. [[1918]])
-*[[2003]] - [[John Lanchbery]], English composer (b. [[1923]])+*[[2005]] - [[James Avati]], American illustrator and paperback cover artist (b. [[1912]])
-* 2003 - [[Fred Rogers]], American children's television actor (b. [[1928]])+
-*[[2004]] - [[Paul Sweezy]], American economist and editor (b. [[1910]])+
-* 2004 - [[Yoshihiko Amino]], Japanese historians (b. [[1928]])+
-*[[2006]] - [[Otis Chandler]], American newspaper publisher (b. [[1927]])+
-* 2006 - [[Robert Lee Scott, Jr.]], U.S. General, Flying Tiger, and author (b. [[1908]])+
-* 2006 - [[Linda Smith (comedian)|Linda Smith]], British comedian (b. [[1958]])+
-*[[2007]] - [[Bobby Rosengarden]], American jazz drummer (b. [[1924]])+
-* 2007 - [[Bernd von Freytag-Loringhoven]], German soldier (b. [[1914]])+
- +
-notes+
-Derren Brown  
-Joakim Sundström  
-Lawrence Durrell  
-John Steinbeck  
-Peter Christopherson  
-Ivan Pavlov  
-Fernando Ribeiro  
-James Planché  
-Yvan Goll  
-Lillian Gish  
-James Avati  
-Spike Milligan  
-Edward Lucie-Smith  
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

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