Filamentation
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| - | Among [[plant]]s, communication is observed within the plant organism, i.e. within [[plant cells]] and between plant cells, between plants of the same or related species, and between plants and non-plant organisms, especially in the [[rhizosphere|root zone]]. [[Plant root]]s communicate in parallel with [[rhizome]] [[bacteria]], with [[fungi]] and with insects in the [[soil]]. This parallel sign-mediated interactions which are governed by syntactic, pragmatic and semantic rules are possible because of the decentralized "nervous system" of plants. The original meaning of the word "neuron" in Greek is "vegetable fiber" and as recent research shows, most of the intraorganismic plant communication processes are [[neuronal]]-like. Plants also communicate via [[volatile oil|volatile]]s in the case of [[herbivory]] attack behavior to warn neighboring plants. In parallel they produce other volatiles which attract [[parasites]] which attack these herbivores. In [[Abiotic stress|Stress]] situations plants can overwrite the [[genetic code]] they inherited from their parents and revert to that of their grand- or great-grandparents. | + | '''Filamentation''' is the anomalous growth of certain [[bacteria]], such as ''[[E. coli]]'', in which cells continue to elongate but do not divide (no [[septum|septa]] formation). Bacterial filamentation is often observed as a result of bacteria responding to various stresses, including [[DNA damage]] or inhibition of replication. This may happen, for example, while responding to extensive DNA damage through the [[SOS response|SOS response system]]. Nutritional changes may also cause bacterial filamentation. Some of the key genes involved in filamentation in E.coli include ''sulA'' and ''minCD''. |
| - | Fungi communicate to coordinate and organize their own growth and development such as the formation of mycelia and [[Fruiting body|fruiting bodies]]. Additionally fungi communicate with same and related species as well as with nonfungal organisms in a great variety of symbiotic interactions, especially with bacteria, [[unicellular]] eukaryotes, plants and insects. The used semiochemicals are of biotic origin and they trigger the fungal organism to react in a specific manner, in difference while to even the same chemical molecules are not being a part of biotic messages doesn’t trigger to react the fungal organism. It means, fungal organisms are competent to identify the difference of the same molecules being part of biotic messages or lack of these features. So far five different primary signalling molecules are known that serve to coordinate very different behavioral patterns such as [[filamentation]], [[mating]], growth, [[pathogenicity]]. Behavioral coordination and the production of such substances can only be achieved through interpretation processes: self or non-self, abiotic indicator, biotic message from similar, related, or non-related species, or even "noise", i.e., similar molecules without biotic content-. | ||
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Filamentation is the anomalous growth of certain bacteria, such as E. coli, in which cells continue to elongate but do not divide (no septa formation). Bacterial filamentation is often observed as a result of bacteria responding to various stresses, including DNA damage or inhibition of replication. This may happen, for example, while responding to extensive DNA damage through the SOS response system. Nutritional changes may also cause bacterial filamentation. Some of the key genes involved in filamentation in E.coli include sulA and minCD.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Filamentation" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
