Folk music
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | {{Template}}'''Folk music''' can have a number of different meanings, including: | + | {| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5" |
| - | * '''[[Traditional music]]''': The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous with the term "Traditional music", also often including [[World Music]] and Roots music; the term "Traditional music" was given its more specific meaning to distinguish it from the other definitions that "Folk music" is now considered to encompass. | + | | style="text-align: left;" | |
| - | * Folk music can also describe a particular kind of '''[[popular music]] which is based on traditional music'''. In contemporary times, this kind of folk music is often performed by professional musicians. Related genres include [[Folk rock]] and [[Progressive folk music]]. | + | "As old as the tension between [[art music]] and [[Vernacular music|vulgar music]] is, it became radical only in [[late capitalism|high capitalism]]. In earlier epochs, art music was able to regenerate its material from time to time and enlarge its sphere by recourse to vulgar music. This is seen in [[medieval music|medieval polyphony]], which drew upon [[folk music|folk song]]s for its ''[[Cantus firmus|cantus firmi]]'', and also in [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]], when he combined [[peep show|peep-show]] cosmology with [[opera seria]] and [[Singspiel]]."--"[[On the Social Situation of Music]]" (1932) by Theodor Adorno |
| - | * In '''American culture''', folk music refers to the [[American folk music revival]], music exemplified by such musicians as [[Woody Guthrie]], [[Pete Seeger]], [[Bob Dylan]] and [[Joan Baez]], who popularized and encouraged the lyrical style in the 1950s and 1960s. | + | |} |
| + | [[Image:Buffalo Gals (1840).jpg|thumb|right|200px|This page '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is part of the [[music]] series.<br><small>Illustration: Sheet music to "[[Buffalo Gals]]" (c. 1840), a [[traditional song]].</small><br>Maxim: "[[writing about music is like dancing about architecture]]".]] | ||
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| + | '''Folk music''' includes both traditional [[music]] and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century but is often applied to music that is older than that. Some types of folk music are also called [[world music]]. | ||
| + | '''Traditional folk music''' has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted by mouth, as music of the lower classes, and as music with unknown composers. It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. One meaning often given is that of old songs, with no known composers; another is music that has been transmitted and evolved by a process of [[oral transmission]] or performed by custom over a long period of time. | ||
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| + | Starting in the mid-20th century a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a [[zenith]] in the 1960s. This form of music is sometimes called '''contemporary folk music''' or '''folk revival music''' to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times, but the term folk music has typically not been applied to the new music created during those revivals. This type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as [[folk rock]], [[electric folk]], and others. While contemporary folk music is a genre generally distinct from traditional folk music, in English it shares the same name, and it often shares the same performers and venues as traditional folk music. Even individual songs may be a blend of the two. | ||
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| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | * [[Anthology of American Folk Music]] | ||
| + | *[[Cultural appropriation in western music ]] | ||
| + | * [[Cultural appropriation in western music of the 1960s]] | ||
| + | * [[Ethnomusicology]] | ||
| + | * [[Folklore]] | ||
| + | * [[Folk process]] | ||
| + | * [[List of classical and art music traditions]] | ||
| + | * [[Roud Folk Song Index]] | ||
| + | * ''[[The Voice of the People]]'' anthology of UK folk songs | ||
| + | * [[Indigenous music]] | ||
| + | * ''[[Folk Is Not a Four Letter Word]]'' | ||
| + | * [[List of art music traditions]] | ||
| + | * [[Psychedelic folk ]] | ||
| + | * [[The blending of folk music and popular genres]] | ||
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Current revision
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"As old as the tension between art music and vulgar music is, it became radical only in high capitalism. In earlier epochs, art music was able to regenerate its material from time to time and enlarge its sphere by recourse to vulgar music. This is seen in medieval polyphony, which drew upon folk songs for its cantus firmi, and also in Mozart, when he combined peep-show cosmology with opera seria and Singspiel."--"On the Social Situation of Music" (1932) by Theodor Adorno |
Illustration: Sheet music to "Buffalo Gals" (c. 1840), a traditional song.
Maxim: "writing about music is like dancing about architecture".
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Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century but is often applied to music that is older than that. Some types of folk music are also called world music.
Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted by mouth, as music of the lower classes, and as music with unknown composers. It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. One meaning often given is that of old songs, with no known composers; another is music that has been transmitted and evolved by a process of oral transmission or performed by custom over a long period of time.
Starting in the mid-20th century a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is sometimes called contemporary folk music or folk revival music to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times, but the term folk music has typically not been applied to the new music created during those revivals. This type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as folk rock, electric folk, and others. While contemporary folk music is a genre generally distinct from traditional folk music, in English it shares the same name, and it often shares the same performers and venues as traditional folk music. Even individual songs may be a blend of the two.
See also
- Anthology of American Folk Music
- Cultural appropriation in western music
- Cultural appropriation in western music of the 1960s
- Ethnomusicology
- Folklore
- Folk process
- List of classical and art music traditions
- Roud Folk Song Index
- The Voice of the People anthology of UK folk songs
- Indigenous music
- Folk Is Not a Four Letter Word
- List of art music traditions
- Psychedelic folk
- The blending of folk music and popular genres
