Galileo Galilei  

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 +"[[And yet it moves|E pur si muove!]]"
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 +"One of the chief intellectual origins of what I have yet to prove to be the [[Cartesian]] [[category mistake]] seems to be this. When [[Galileo]] showed that his methods of scientific discovery were competent to provide a mechanical theory which should cover every occupant of space, Descartes found in himself two conflicting motives {[[world view]]s}. As a man of scientific genius he could not but endorse the claims of mechanics, yet as a religious and moral man he could not accept, as [[Hobbes]] accepted, the discouraging rider to those claims, namely that human nature differs only in degree of complexity from clockwork. The mental could not be just a variety of the mechanical."--''[[The Concept of Mind]]'' (1949) by Gilbert Ryle
 +<hr>
 +"[…] to represent a [[human face]] or something by throwing together now some agricultural implements, again some fruits, or perhaps the flowers of this or that season."--[[Galileo Galilei |Galileo]] on [[Giuseppe Arcimboldo|Arcimboldo]], cited in ''[[Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo]]'' (1957) by Stillman Drake
 +|}
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-'''Galileo Galilei''' ([[15 February]] [[1564]] &ndash; [[8 January]] [[1642]]) was an [[Italian people|Italian]] [[physicist]], [[mathematician]], [[astronomer]], and [[philosopher]] who is closely associated with the [[scientific revolution]]. His achievements include the first systematic studies of uniformly accelerated motion, improvements to the [[telescope]], a variety of astronomical observations, and support for [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicanism]]. Galileo's experiment-based work is a significant break from the abstract approach of [[Aristotle]]. Galileo is often referred to as the "[[List of people known as the father or mother of something|father]] of modern [[astronomy]]", as the "father of modern [[physics]]", and as the "father of [[science]]". The motion of uniformly accelerated objects, treated in nearly all high school and introductory college physics courses, was studied by Galileo as the subject of [[kinematics]].+'''Galileo Galilei''' ([[15 February]] [[1564]] &ndash; [[8 January]] [[1642]]) was an [[Italian people|Italian]] [[physicist]], [[mathematician]], [[astronomer]], and [[philosopher]]; and a [[countercultural]] [[icon]] closely associated with the [[scientific revolution]]. Galileo's experiment-based work is a significant break from the abstract approach of [[Aristotle]].
-== Galileo affair ==+==Summary of Galileo's published written works==
-The '''Galileo affair''', in which [[Galileo Galilei]] came into conflict with the [[Catholic Church]] over his support of [[heliocentrism|Copernican astronomy]], is often considered a defining moment in the history of the [[relationship between religion and science]].+Galileo's main written works are as follows:
 +*''The Little Balance'' (1586)
 +*''On Motion'' (1590)
 +*''Mechanics'' (ca. 1600)
 +*''[[Sidereus Nuncius|The Starry Messenger]]'' (1610; in Latin, Sidereus Nuncius)
 +*''Discourse on Floating Bodies'' (1612)
 +*''[[Letters on Sunspots]]'' (1613)
 +*''[[Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina]]'' (1615; published in 1636)
 +*''Discourse on the Tides'' (1616; in Italian, Discorso del flusso e reflusso del mare)
 +*''Discourse on the Comets'' (1619; in Italian, Discorso Delle Comete)
 +*''[[The Assayer]]'' (1623; in Italian, Il Saggiatore)
 +*''[[Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems]]'' (1632; in Italian Dialogo dei due massimi sistemi del mondo)
 +*''[[Two New Sciences|Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences]]'' (1638; in Italian, Discorsi e Dimostrazioni Matematiche, intorno a due nuove scienze)
 +== See also ==
 +* [[Galileo affair]]
 +* [[Index Librorum Prohibitorum]]
 +* [[Age of Enlightenment]]
 +* [[Galileo's recantation]]
 +* [[Controversial book]]
 +* [[100 Most Influential Books Ever Written]]
 +* [[Great Books of the Western World]]
 +* [[Underground, l’histoire]]
 +*''[[Galileo as a Critic of the Arts]]'' (1954) by Erwin Panofsky.
-In [[1610]], [[Galileo Galilei|Galileo]] published his ''[[Sidereus Nuncius]] (Starry Messenger)'', describing the surprising observations that he had made with the new [[telescope]]. These and other discoveries exposed major difficulties with the understanding of the heavens that had been held since antiquity, and raised new interest in radical teachings such as the [[heliocentrism|heliocentric]] theory of [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicus]]. In reaction, many maintained that the motion of the [[Earth]] and immobility of the [[Sun]] were [[heresy|heretical]], as they contradicted some accounts given in the [[Bible]] as understood at that time. Galileo's part in the controversies over [[theology]], [[astronomy]] and [[philosophy]] culminated in his trial and sentencing in [[1633]] on a grave suspicion of heresy. 
- 
-=== "I, Galileo, son of the late Vincenzo Galilei, Florentine, aged 70 years === 
- 
-Galileo Galilei goes on trial at Rome [[April 12]] [[1633]] although he is suffering from arthritis, hernias, kidney stones, and gout. The [[Inquisition]] threatens the astronomer and mathematician with [[torture]] on the [[rack]] if he does not retract his "heretical" defense of the Copernican idea that the sun is the center of the universe and the Earth a movable planet. Torn between wanting to fight for the [[truth]] and not wanting to offend the Church, [[Galileo's recantation|Galileo equivocates]], saying that the heliocentric design "may very easily turn out to be a most foolish hallucination and a majestic paradox," but he does what is necessary to save himself, saying on [[June 22]] [[1633]], "I, Galileo, son of the late Vincenzo Galilei, Florentine, aged 70 years, abjure, curse, and detest the aforesaid errors and heresies, and I swear that I will never again say or assert that the sun is the center of the universe and immovable and that the Earth is not the center and moves." He is sent to his villa outside Florence, where he will be confined for the remaining 9 years of his life. 
- 
-[[René Descartes]] takes warning from the trial of Galileo Galilei; now living in Holland, Descartes stops publishing in France. 
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Current revision

"E pur si muove!"


"One of the chief intellectual origins of what I have yet to prove to be the Cartesian category mistake seems to be this. When Galileo showed that his methods of scientific discovery were competent to provide a mechanical theory which should cover every occupant of space, Descartes found in himself two conflicting motives {world views}. As a man of scientific genius he could not but endorse the claims of mechanics, yet as a religious and moral man he could not accept, as Hobbes accepted, the discouraging rider to those claims, namely that human nature differs only in degree of complexity from clockwork. The mental could not be just a variety of the mechanical."--The Concept of Mind (1949) by Gilbert Ryle


"[…] to represent a human face or something by throwing together now some agricultural implements, again some fruits, or perhaps the flowers of this or that season."--Galileo on Arcimboldo, cited in Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo (1957) by Stillman Drake

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Galileo Galilei (15 February 15648 January 1642) was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher; and a countercultural icon closely associated with the scientific revolution. Galileo's experiment-based work is a significant break from the abstract approach of Aristotle.

Summary of Galileo's published written works

Galileo's main written works are as follows:

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Galileo Galilei" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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