Galileo Galilei
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| '''Galileo Galilei''' ([[15 February]] [[1564]] – [[8 January]] [[1642]]) was an [[Italian people|Italian]] [[physicist]], [[mathematician]], [[astronomer]], and [[philosopher]] who is closely associated with the [[scientific revolution]]. His achievements include the first systematic studies of uniformly accelerated motion, improvements to the [[telescope]], a variety of astronomical observations, and support for [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicanism]]. Galileo's experiment-based work is a significant break from the abstract approach of [[Aristotle]]. Galileo is often referred to as the "[[List of people known as the father or mother of something|father]] of modern [[astronomy]]", as the "father of modern [[physics]]", and as the "father of [[science]]". The motion of uniformly accelerated objects, treated in nearly all high school and introductory college physics courses, was studied by Galileo as the subject of [[kinematics]]. | '''Galileo Galilei''' ([[15 February]] [[1564]] – [[8 January]] [[1642]]) was an [[Italian people|Italian]] [[physicist]], [[mathematician]], [[astronomer]], and [[philosopher]] who is closely associated with the [[scientific revolution]]. His achievements include the first systematic studies of uniformly accelerated motion, improvements to the [[telescope]], a variety of astronomical observations, and support for [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicanism]]. Galileo's experiment-based work is a significant break from the abstract approach of [[Aristotle]]. Galileo is often referred to as the "[[List of people known as the father or mother of something|father]] of modern [[astronomy]]", as the "father of modern [[physics]]", and as the "father of [[science]]". The motion of uniformly accelerated objects, treated in nearly all high school and introductory college physics courses, was studied by Galileo as the subject of [[kinematics]]. | ||
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| - | == Galileo affair == | ||
| - | The '''Galileo affair''', in which [[Galileo Galilei]] came into conflict with the [[Catholic Church]] over his support of [[heliocentrism|Copernican astronomy]], is often considered a defining moment in the history of the [[relationship between religion and science]]. | ||
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| - | In [[1610]], [[Galileo Galilei|Galileo]] published his ''[[Sidereus Nuncius]] (Starry Messenger)'', describing the surprising observations that he had made with the new [[telescope]]. These and other discoveries exposed major difficulties with the understanding of the heavens that had been held since antiquity, and raised new interest in radical teachings such as the [[heliocentrism|heliocentric]] theory of [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicus]]. In reaction, many maintained that the motion of the [[Earth]] and immobility of the [[Sun]] were [[heresy|heretical]], as they contradicted some accounts given in the [[Bible]] as understood at that time. Galileo's part in the controversies over [[theology]], [[astronomy]] and [[philosophy]] culminated in his trial and sentencing in [[1633]] on a grave suspicion of heresy. | ||
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| - | === "I, Galileo, son of the late Vincenzo Galilei, Florentine, aged 70 years === | ||
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| - | Galileo Galilei goes on trial at Rome [[April 12]] [[1633]] although he is suffering from arthritis, hernias, kidney stones, and gout. The [[Inquisition]] threatens the astronomer and mathematician with [[torture]] on the [[rack]] if he does not retract his "heretical" defense of the Copernican idea that the sun is the center of the universe and the Earth a movable planet. Torn between wanting to fight for the [[truth]] and not wanting to offend the Church, [[Galileo's recantation|Galileo equivocates]], saying that the heliocentric design "may very easily turn out to be a most foolish hallucination and a majestic paradox," but he does what is necessary to save himself, saying on [[June 22]] [[1633]], "I, Galileo, son of the late Vincenzo Galilei, Florentine, aged 70 years, abjure, curse, and detest the aforesaid errors and heresies, and I swear that I will never again say or assert that the sun is the center of the universe and immovable and that the Earth is not the center and moves." He is sent to his villa outside Florence, where he will be confined for the remaining 9 years of his life. | ||
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| - | [[René Descartes]] takes warning from the trial of Galileo Galilei; now living in Holland, Descartes stops publishing in France. | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| + | * [[Galileo affair]] | ||
| * [[Index Librorum Prohibitorum]] | * [[Index Librorum Prohibitorum]] | ||
| * [[Age of Enlightenment]] | * [[Age of Enlightenment]] | ||
Revision as of 19:40, 19 June 2007
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Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who is closely associated with the scientific revolution. His achievements include the first systematic studies of uniformly accelerated motion, improvements to the telescope, a variety of astronomical observations, and support for Copernicanism. Galileo's experiment-based work is a significant break from the abstract approach of Aristotle. Galileo is often referred to as the "father of modern astronomy", as the "father of modern physics", and as the "father of science". The motion of uniformly accelerated objects, treated in nearly all high school and introductory college physics courses, was studied by Galileo as the subject of kinematics.
See also
- Galileo affair
- Index Librorum Prohibitorum
- Age of Enlightenment
- Galileo's recantation
- Controversial book
- 100 Most Influential Books Ever Written
- Great Books of the Western World
- Underground, l’histoire
- E pur si muove!
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