Gender role  

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 +[[Image:Toulouse Lautrec in drag.jpg |thumb|right|200px|This page '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is part of the [[gender]] series.<br><small>Illustration: ''[[Toulouse-Lautrec wearing Jane Avril's Feathered Hat and Boa]]'' (ca. 1892), photo Maurice Guibert</small>.]]
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-A '''gender role''' is a set of perceived behavioral [[norm]]s associated particularly with males or females, in a given social group or system. It can be a form of [[division of labour]] by [[gender]]. It is a focus of analysis in the [[social sciences]] and [[humanities]]. [[Gender]] is one component of the [[gender]]/[[sex]] system, which refers to "The set of arrangements by which a [[society]] transforms biological sexuality into products of human activity, and in which these transformed needs are satisfied" (Reiter 1975: 159). All societies, to a certain effect, have a gender/sex system, although the components and workings of this system vary widely from society to society.+A '''gender role''' is a set of societal [[norm (social)|norms]] dictating what types of behaviors are generally considered acceptable, appropriate or desirable for a person based on their actual or perceived [[Sex assignment|sex]]. These are usually centered around opposing conceptions of [[femininity]] and [[masculinity]], although there are myriad [[Third gender|exceptions]] and [[genderqueer|variations]]. The specifics regarding these gendered expectations may vary substantially among cultures, while other characteristics may be common throughout a range of cultures. There is ongoing debate as to what extent gender roles and their variations are [[Sex differences in humans|biologically determined]], and to what extent they are [[Social constructionism|socially constructed]].
-Most researchers recognize that the concrete behavior of individuals is a consequence of both socially enforced rules and values, and individual disposition, whether genetic, unconscious, or conscious. Some researchers emphasize the objective social system and others emphasize subjective orientations and dispositions.+Various groups have led efforts to change aspects of prevailing gender roles that they believe are oppressive or inaccurate, most notably the [[feminism|feminist movement]].
-Creativity may cause the rules and values to change over time. Cultures and societies are dynamic and ever changing, but there has been extensive debate as to how, and how fast, they may change. Such debates are especially intense when they involve the gender/sex system, as people have widely differing views about how much gender depends on biological sex.+The term 'gender role' was first coined by [[John Money]] in 1955 during the course of his study of [[intersex]] individuals to describe the manners in which these individuals express their status as a [[male]] or [[female]], in a situation where no clear biological assignment exists.
 +== See also ==
 +*"[[Let a Woman Be a Woman, and Let a Man Be a Man]]" (1969)
 +* [[Alimony]]
 +* [[Anima and animus]]
 +* [[Civil and political rights]]
 +* [[Courtship]]
 +* [[Going Dutch]]
 +* [[Face-ism]]
 +* [[Feminization (sociology)]]
 +* [[Gender advertisement]]
 +* [[Gender equality]]
 +* [[Gender studies]]
 +* [[Masculism]]
 +* [[Matriarchy]]
 +* [[Men's movement]]
 +* [[Misandry]]
 +* [[Patriarchy]]
 +* [[Portrayal of women in video games]]
 +* [[Sex and gender distinction]]
 +* [[Sexual inversion (sexology)]]
 +* [[Sociology of gender]]
 +* [[Western stereotype of the male ballet dancer]]
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

Revision as of 07:55, 31 December 2015

This page Gender role is part of the gender series.Illustration: Toulouse-Lautrec wearing Jane Avril's Feathered Hat and Boa (ca. 1892), photo Maurice Guibert.
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This page Gender role is part of the gender series.
Illustration: Toulouse-Lautrec wearing Jane Avril's Feathered Hat and Boa (ca. 1892), photo Maurice Guibert.

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A gender role is a set of societal norms dictating what types of behaviors are generally considered acceptable, appropriate or desirable for a person based on their actual or perceived sex. These are usually centered around opposing conceptions of femininity and masculinity, although there are myriad exceptions and variations. The specifics regarding these gendered expectations may vary substantially among cultures, while other characteristics may be common throughout a range of cultures. There is ongoing debate as to what extent gender roles and their variations are biologically determined, and to what extent they are socially constructed.

Various groups have led efforts to change aspects of prevailing gender roles that they believe are oppressive or inaccurate, most notably the feminist movement.

The term 'gender role' was first coined by John Money in 1955 during the course of his study of intersex individuals to describe the manners in which these individuals express their status as a male or female, in a situation where no clear biological assignment exists.

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Gender role" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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