Halakha
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| + | '''''Halakha''''' is the collective body of [[Judaism|Jewish]] [[religious law]]s derived from the [[Torah|Written]] and [[Oral Torah]]. It is based on biblical laws or "commandments" (''[[Mitzvah|mitzvot]]'') (traditionally numbered as [[613 commandments|613]]), subsequent [[Talmud]]ic and [[rabbinic law]] and the customs and traditions compiled in the many books, one of the most famous of which is the sixteenth century ''[[Shulchan Aruch]]'' (literally "Prepared Table"). | ||
| - | '''''The Guide for the Perplexed''''' is one of the three major works of [[Rabbi]] [[Moshe ben Maimon]], primarily known either as [[Maimonides]] or ''RAMBAM'' ({{lang-he|רמב"ם}}. This work seeks to reconcile [[Aristotelian philosophy]] with Hebrew Bible theology, by finding rational explanations for many events in the text. | + | Halakha is often translated as "Jewish Law", although a more literal translation might be "the way to behave" or "the way of walking". The word derives from the [[Semitic root|root]] that means "to behave" (also "to go" or "to walk"). Halakha guides not only religious practices and beliefs, but numerous aspects of day-to-day life. |
| + | Historically, in the [[Jewish diaspora]], halakha served many Jewish communities as an enforceable avenue of law – both [[Civil law (legal system)|civil]] and [[religious law|religious]], since there is no differentiation in classical Judaism. Since the Jewish Enlightenment (''[[Haskalah]]'') and [[Jewish emancipation]] many have come to view the halakha as less binding in day-to-day life, as it relies on rabbinic interpretation, as opposed to the pure, written words recorded in the [[Hebrew Bible]]. | ||
| - | It was written in [[Judeo-Arabic]] in the form of a three part letter to his student, Rabbi [[Joseph ben Judah of Ceuta]], the son of Rabbi Judah, and is the main source of the Rambam's philosophical views, as opposed to his opinions on [[Halakha|Jewish law]]. It is interesting to note, however, that a small minority believe the ''Guide for the Perplexed'' to have been written by an anonymous heretic and not the Rambam, most notably amongst these is the revered 18th century scholar, [[Jacob Emden|Reb Yaakov Emden.]] | + | Under contemporary [[Israeli law]], certain areas of Israeli family and personal status law are under the authority of the rabbinic courts and are therefore treated according to halakha. Some differences in halakha itself are found among [[Ashkenazi]], [[Mizrahi]], [[Sephardi]], [[Yemenite Jews|Yemenite]], and other Jews who historically lived in isolated communities, such as in [[Beta Israel|Ethiopia]], reflecting the historic and geographic diversity of various Jewish communities within the Diaspora. |
| - | Since many of the philosophical concepts, such as his view of [[theodicy]] and the relationship between [[philosophy]] and [[religion]], are relevant beyond strictly [[Jewish theology]], it has been the work most commonly associated with Maimonides in the non-Jewish world and it is known to have influenced several major non-Jewish philosophers. | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| - | * [[Baruch Spinoza]] | + | * [[Antinomianism]] |
| - | * [[Jewish philosophy]] | + | * [[Jewish ethics]] |
| - | * [[Kabbalah]] | + | * [[Jewish medical ethics]] |
| - | * [[Mario Javier Saban]] | + | * [[Mishpat Ivri]] |
| - | * [[Nachmanides]] | + | * [[Sharia]] |
| - | * [[Yonah of Gerona]] | + | |
| - | + | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
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Halakha is the collective body of Jewish religious laws derived from the Written and Oral Torah. It is based on biblical laws or "commandments" (mitzvot) (traditionally numbered as 613), subsequent Talmudic and rabbinic law and the customs and traditions compiled in the many books, one of the most famous of which is the sixteenth century Shulchan Aruch (literally "Prepared Table").
Halakha is often translated as "Jewish Law", although a more literal translation might be "the way to behave" or "the way of walking". The word derives from the root that means "to behave" (also "to go" or "to walk"). Halakha guides not only religious practices and beliefs, but numerous aspects of day-to-day life.
Historically, in the Jewish diaspora, halakha served many Jewish communities as an enforceable avenue of law – both civil and religious, since there is no differentiation in classical Judaism. Since the Jewish Enlightenment (Haskalah) and Jewish emancipation many have come to view the halakha as less binding in day-to-day life, as it relies on rabbinic interpretation, as opposed to the pure, written words recorded in the Hebrew Bible.
Under contemporary Israeli law, certain areas of Israeli family and personal status law are under the authority of the rabbinic courts and are therefore treated according to halakha. Some differences in halakha itself are found among Ashkenazi, Mizrahi, Sephardi, Yemenite, and other Jews who historically lived in isolated communities, such as in Ethiopia, reflecting the historic and geographic diversity of various Jewish communities within the Diaspora.
See also
