Happy few
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Literature in the 16th century was still the province of a happy few. Important books include Gargantua and Pantagruel by Rabelais and Heptameron by the Queen of Navarre.
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New books
- 1501 - The Book of Margery Kempe (posthumous)
- 1503 - The Thrissill and the Rois - William Dunbar
- 1505 - The Passtyme of Pleasure and The Temple of Glass - Stephen Hawes
- 1508 - The Goldyn Targe - William Dunbar
- 1509 - In Praise of Folly - Erasmus
- 1512 - Fulgens and Lucrece - Henry Medwall
- 1513 - First translation of Virgil's Aeneid into English language (Scots dialect) by Gavin Douglas
- 1514-15 - Sofonisba - Gian Giorgio Trissino
- 1515 - The New Chronicles of England and France by Robert Fabyan
- about 1516 - Utopia by Thomas More
- 1517 - Francysk Skaryna's Bible translation and printing
- 1526 - William Tyndale's Bible translation
- 1527 - Historia Scotorum - Hector Boece
- 1531 - De trinitatis erroribus ("On the Errors of the Trinity") - Michael Servetus
- 1534 - Martin Luther's Bible translation
- 1535 - Huon of Bordeaux - John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners
- 1538 - Les Angoisses douloureuses qui procèdent d'amours - Hélisenne de Crenne
- 1539 - The Castel of Helth - Sir Thomas Elyot
- 1540 - Historia Scotorum of Hector Boece, translated into vernacular Scots by John Bellenden at the special request of James V of Scotland
- 1541 - Baptistes and Jephtha - George Buchanan
- 1542 - The Union of the Two Noble and Illustrate Famelies of Lancastre & Yorke - Edward Hall
- De humani corporis fabrica libri septem (On the Fabric of the Human body in Seven Books) – Andreas Vesalius
- De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres) – Nicolaus Copernicus
- Toxophilus - Roger Ascham
- The Simple Words of Catechism - Martynas Mažvydas (first printed book in Lithuanian language)
- Johannes der Täufer (St. John Baptist) - Johannes Aal
- 1552 - Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis (Little Book of the Medicinal Herbs of the Indians), composed in Nahuatl by Martín de la Cruz and translated into Latin by Juan Badiano.
- (about 1553) – Gammer Gurton's Needle and Ralph Roister Doister, the first comedies written in the English language
- Heptameron by Marguerite de Navarre
- The Elizabethan version of the Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England, which remained in use until the mid-17th century and was the first English Prayer Book in America.
- Jorge de Montemayor - Diana
- Geneva Bible - William Whittingham, Anthony Gilby, Thomas Sampson
- Jules César - Jacques Grévin
- Bullein's Bulwarke of Defence againste all Sicknes, Sornes, and Woundes - William Bullein
- The Chronicles of England, Scotland and Irelande - Raphael Holinshed
- The History of Travayle in the West and East Indies - Richard Eden
- A True Discourse of the Late Voyages of Discoverie…under the Conduct of Martin Frobisher - George Best
- Euphues: the Anatomy of Wit - John Lyly
- First Fruits - John Florio
- Smithus, vel Musarum lachrymae - Gabriel Harvey
- Honest Excuses - Thomas Lodge
- The Schoole of Abuse - Stephen Gosson
- Divers Voyages - Richard Hakluyt
- Rerum Scoticarum Historia - George Buchanan
- The Anatomy of Abuses - Philip Stubbes
- The Araygnement of Paris - George Peele
- A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia - Thomas Hariot
- Historie of the Reformatioun of Religioun within the Realms of Scotland - John Knox
- The Raigne of Edward III - anonymous, attributed by some to William Shakespeare
- The Arte of English Poesie - attributed to George Puttenham
- Primera parte de la Angélica - Luis Barahona de Soto
- Pappe with an hatchet, alias a figge for my Godsonne - John Lyly
- The Anatomie of Absurditie - Thomas Nashe
- An Almond for a Parrat - Thomas Nashe
- Rosalynde - Thomas Lodge
- Groatsworth of Wit - Robert Greene
- Foure Letters and certaine Sonnets - Gabriel Harvey
- Nine Worthies of London - Richard Johnson
- Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie - Richard Hooker
- The Seamans Secrets - Sir John Davys
- An Apologie for Poetrie - Sir Philip Sidney (posthumous)
- Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia - Thomas Harriot
- Colin Clouts Come Home Againe - Edmund Spenser
- The Civell Warres of Edward the Second and the Barrons - Michael Drayton
- The Discoverie of the Large, Rich and Beautiful Empyre of Guiana - Sir Walter Raleigh
- Englands Heroicall Epistles - Michael Drayton
- Palladis Tamia, Wits Treasury - Francis Meres
- Politeuphuia (Wits' Commonwealth) - John Bodenham
- Survey of London - John Stow
- The Trew Law of Free Monarchies - King James VI of Scotland
- The Shoemaker's Holiday - Thomas Dekker
- Patient Grissel - Thomas Dekker, Henry Chettle, and William Haughton
- Wits' Theater - John Bodenham
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New drama
- Gorboduc - Thomas Norton and Thomas Sackville
- Jack Juggler - anonymous, sometimes attributed to Nicholas Udall
- Il pastor fido - Giovanni Battista Guarini
- Campaspe - John Lyly
- Sapho and Phao - John Lyly
- The Three Ladies of London - Robert Wilson (published)
- The Battle of Alcazar - George Peele (performed)
- Endymion - John Lyly
- Famous Chronicle of King Edward the First - George Peele
- Tamburlaine, - Christopher Marlowe (both parts published)
- The Three Lords and Three Ladies of London - Robert Wilson (published)
- The Troublesome Reign of King John - Anonymous (published)
- Henry VI, Part 1, Part 2, Part 3 - William Shakespeare
- The Spanish Tragedy - Thomas Kyd
- Arden of Faversham - anonymous (previously attributed to Shakespeare)
- The Battle of Alcazar - George Peele (published)
- Cleopatra - Samuel Daniel
- The Cobbler's Prophecy - Robert Wilson (published)
- Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay - Robert Greene (published)
- A Looking Glass for London and England - Thomas Lodge & Robert Greene (published)
- Orlando Furioso - Robert Greene (published)
- Romeo and Juliet -William Shakespeare
- Locrine - Anonymous (published)
- The Isle of Dogs - Thomas Nashe & Ben Jonson
- Richard II - William Shakespeare
- Every Man in His Humour - Ben Jonson
- The Scottish Historie of James the Fourth - Robert Greene (published)
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New poetry
- 1514 – Francesco Maria Molzo translates Aeneid into Italian, in consecutive unrhymed verse (forerunner of Blank verse)
- 1557 – Giovanni Battista Giraldi – Ercole
- 1591 – Sir Philip Sidney – Astrophel and Stella (published posthumously)
- Henry Constable – Diana
- Michael Drayton – The Shepherd's Garland
- 1593 – Michael Drayton – Peirs Gaveston
- 1595 – Thomas Campion – Poemata
- Sir John Davies – Orchestra, or a Poeme of Dauncing
- Edmund Spenser – The Faerie Queene
- Sir John Davies – Hymnes of Astraea
- Sir John Davies – Nosce Teipsum
- George Peele – The Love of King David and Faire Bethsabe
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Births
- 1503 - Thomas Wyatt
- 1510 - Martynas Mažvydas
- 1515 - Roger Ascham
- 1517 - Henry Howard
- 1547 - Miguel de Cervantes
- 1551 - William Camden
- 1554 - Philip Sidney
- 1555 - Lancelot Andrewes
- 1558 - Robert Greene
- 1558 - Thomas Kyd
- 1561 - Luís de Góngora y Argote
- 1564 - Christopher Marlowe
- 1564 - William Shakespeare
- 1570 - Robert Aytoun
- 1572 - Ben Jonson
- 1576 - John Marston
- 1577 - Robert Burton
- 1581 - Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft
- 1583 - Philip Massinger
- 1587 - Joost van den Vondel
- 1594 - James Howell
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Deaths
- 1502 - Henry Medwall
- 1513 - Robert Fabyan
- 1552 - Alexander Barclay
- 1563 - John Bale
- 1563 - Martynas Mažvydas
- 1568 - Roger Ascham
- 1577 - George Gascoigne
- 1592 - Robert Greene
- 1593 - Christopher Marlowe
- 1594 - Thomas Kyd
- 1595 - Luis Barahona de Soto
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