Hendrik van Veldeke
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| - | '''Flanders''' [[County of Flanders|has historically been a region]] overlapping parts of modern [[Belgium]], [[France]], and the [[Netherlands]]. Today, Flanders designates either the '''[[Flemish Community]]''', which includes Flemish-speaking residents of the [[Brussels-Capital Region]], or the '''[[Flemish Region]]''', which does not. The [[Flemish Parliament|parliament]] and [[Flemish government|government]] govern both the Community and the Region, even though they are not co-extensive. | ||
| - | == Culture == | ||
| - | At first sight, ''[[Flemish culture]]'' is defined by its [[language]] and its [[gourmandic]] mentality, as compared to the more [[Calvinistic Dutch culture]]. [[Dutch paintings|Dutch]] and [[Flemish painting]]s enjoyed more equal international admiration. | ||
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| - | === Language and literature === | ||
| - | The standard language in Flanders is [[Dutch language|Dutch]]; spelling and grammar are regulated by a single authority, the [[Dutch Language Union]] (''Nederlandse Taalunie''), comprising a committee of ministers of the Flemish and Dutch governments, their advisory council of appointed experts, a controlling commission of 22 parliamentarians, and a secretariate. The term [[Flemish]] can be applied to the Dutch spoken in Flanders; it shows many regional and local variations. | ||
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| - | Literature in non-[[standardized dialect]]s of the current area of Flanders originated with [[Hendrik van Veldeke]]'s ''Eneas Romance'', the first courtly romance in a [[Germanic language]] (12th century). With a writer of [[Hendrik Conscience]]'s stature, [[Flemish literature]] rose ahead of French literature in Belgium's early history. [[Guido Gezelle]] not only explicitly referred to his writings as Flemish but actually used it in many of his poems, and strongly defended it | ||
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| - | The distinction between [[Dutch literature|Dutch]] and Flemish literature, often perceived politically, is also made on intrinsic grounds by some experts such as Kris Humbeeck, professor of Literature at the [[University of Antwerp]]. Nevertheless, nearly all{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} [[Dutch language|Dutch-language]] literature read (and appreciated to varying degrees) in Flanders is the same as that in the Netherlands. | ||
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| - | Influential Flemish writers include [[Ernest Claes]], [[Stijn Streuvels]] and [[Felix Timmermans]]. Their novels mostly describe rural life in Flanders in the 19th century and at beginning of the 20th. Widely read by the older generations, they are considered somewhat old-fashioned by present-day critics. Some famous Flemish writers of the early 20th century wrote in French, including Nobel Prize winners (1911) [[Maurice Maeterlinck]] and [[Emile Verhaeren]]. They were followed by a younger generation, including [[Paul van Ostaijen]] and [[Gaston Burssens]], who ''[[Activism|activated]]'' the [[Flemish Movement]]. Still widely read and translated into other languages (including English) are the novels of authors such as [[Willem Elsschot]], [[Louis Paul Boon]] and [[Hugo Claus]]. The recent crop of writers includes the novelists [[Tom Lanoye]] and [[Herman Brusselmans]], and poets such as the married couple [[Herman de Coninck]] and [[Kristien Hemmerechts]]. | ||
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| - | At the creation of the Belgian state, French was the only official language. French was during a long period used as a [[second language]] in Flanders and, like elsewhere in Europe, commonly spoken among the aristocracy. There is still a French-speaking minority in Flanders, especially in the [[municipalities with language facilities]], along the language border and the [[municipalities with language facilities#Rim municipalities|Brussels periphery]] (Vlaamse Rand), though many of them are French-speakers that migrated to Flanders in recent decades. Many Flemings are also able to speak French, but proficiency has been on the decline. French is the primary language in the officially bilingual [[Brussels Capital Region]], (see [[Francization of Brussels]]). In [[French Flanders]], French is now the native language of the majority of the population and the only official language. Historically it was a Dutch-speaking region and there's still a minority of Dutch-speakers living there. | ||
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| - | === Media === | ||
| - | The public radio and television broadcaster in Flanders is [[Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie|VRT]], which operates the TV channels [[één]], [[Canvas (Belgium)|Canvas]], [[Ketnet]], [[OP12]] and (together with the Netherlands) [[BVN]]. Flemish provinces each have up to two TV channels as well. Commercial television broadcasters include [[vtm]] and [[Vier]] (VT4). Popular TV series are for example ''[[Thuis]]'' and ''[[F.C. De Kampioenen]]''. | ||
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| - | The five most successful Flemish films were ''[[Loft (2008 film)|Loft]]'' (2008; 1,186,071 visitors), ''[[Koko Flanel]]'' (1990; 1,082,000 tickets sold), ''[[Hector (film)|Hector]]'' (1987; 933,000 tickets sold), ''[[Daens (film)|Daens]]'' (1993; 848,000 tickets sold) and ''[[The Alzheimer Case|De Zaak Alzheimer]]'' (2003; 750,000 tickets sold). The first and last ones were directed by [[Erik Van Looy]], and an American remake is being made of both of them, respectively ''[[The Loft (2012 film)|The Loft]]'' (2012) and ''[[The Memory of a Killer]]''. The other three ones were directed by [[Stijn Coninx]]. | ||
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| - | Newspapers are grouped under three main publishers: [[De Persgroep]] with [[Het Laatste Nieuws]], the most popular newspaper in Flanders, [[De Morgen]] and [[De Tijd]]. Then [[Corelio]] with [[De Gentenaar]], the oldest extant Flemish newspaper, [[Het Nieuwsblad]] and [[De Standaard]]. Lastly, [[Concentra]] publishes [[Gazet van Antwerpen]] and [[Het Belang van Limburg]]. | ||
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| - | Magazines include [[Knack (magazine)|Knack]] and [[HUMO]]. | ||
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| - | === Music === | ||
| - | Flanders is known for its [[music festival]]s, like the annual [[Rock Werchter]], [[Tomorrowland]] and [[Pukkelpop]]. The [[Gentse Feesten]] are another very large yearly event. | ||
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| - | The best-selling Flemish group or artist is the (Flemish-Dutch) group [[2 Unlimited]], followed by (Italian-born) [[Rocco Granata]], [[Technotronic]], [[Helmut Lotti]] and [[Vaya Con Dios (band)|Vaya Con Dios]]. | ||
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| - | The weekly charts of best-selling singles is the [[Ultratop 50]]. ''Kvraagetaan'' by the [[Fixkes]] holds the current record for longest time at #1 on the chart. | ||
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| - | == See also == | ||
| - | * [[Burgundian Netherlands]] | ||
| - | * [[Count of Flanders]] | ||
| - | * [[Flemish Movement]] | ||
| - | * [[Flemish Parliament]] | ||
| - | * [[Flemish Primitives]] | ||
| - | * [[Seventeen Provinces]] | ||
| - | * [[Wallonia]] | ||
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| + | # A [[style]] of [[ornamentation]] characterized by [[fanciful]] [[combination]]s of [[intertwined]] [[form]]s. | ||
| + | # Anything grotesque. | ||
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Revision as of 23:23, 22 September 2012
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- A style of ornamentation characterized by fanciful combinations of intertwined forms.
- Anything grotesque.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Hendrik van Veldeke" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
