Holism
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| - | In [[philosophy]], '''ontology''' (from the [[Greek language|Greek]]: ''of being'' and ''science'', ''study'', ''theory'') is the study of [[being]] or [[existence]] and forms the basic subject matter of [[metaphysics]]. It seeks to describe or posit the [[category of being|basic categories]] and relationships of being or existence to define [[entity|entities]] and [[type theory|types of entities]] within its framework. | ||
| - | Ontology can be said to study conceptions of [[reality]]; and, for the sake of distinction, at least to the extent to which its counterpart, [[epistemology]] can be represented as being a search for answers to the questions "What do you know?" and "How do you know it?", ontology can be represented as a search for an answer to the question "What are the knowable things?". | + | # A theory or belief that the [[whole]] is greater than the sum of the parts. |
| + | # A practice based on such theory or belief. | ||
| - | Some philosophers, notably of the [[Plato]]nic school, contend that all nouns refer to entities. Other philosophers contend that some nouns do not name entities but provide a kind of shorthand way of referring to a collection (of either objects or events). In this latter view, ''[[mind]]'', instead of referring to an entity, refers to a collection of ''mental events'' experienced by a person; ''[[society]]'' refers to a collection of persons with some shared interactions, and ''[[geometry]]'' refers to a collection of a specific kind of intellectual activity. | + | ====Related terms==== |
| - | + | * [[holistic]] | |
| - | Any ontology must give an account of which words refer to entities, which do not, why, and what categories result. When one applies this process to nouns such as ''[[electron]]s'', ''[[energy]]'', ''[[contract]]'', ''[[happiness]]'', ''[[time]]'', ''[[truth]]'', ''[[causality]]'', and ''[[God]]'', ontology becomes fundamental to many branches of philosophy. | + | * [[holist]] |
| - | ==See also== | + | |
| - | * [[Cosmology]] | + | |
| - | * [[Epistemology]] | + | |
| - | * [[Holism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Metaphysics]] | + | |
| - | * [[Nihilism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Philosophy of science]] | + | |
| - | * [[Schema]] | + | |
| - | * [[Solipsism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Taxonomy]] | + | |
| - | * [[Theology]] | + | |
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Revision as of 21:55, 17 April 2010
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- A theory or belief that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
- A practice based on such theory or belief.
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