Holism
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| - | # A theory or belief that the [[whole]] is greater than the sum of the parts. | + | '''Holism''' is the idea that natural [[system]]s (physical, biological, chemical, social, economic, mental, [[Linguistics|linguistic]], etc.) and their properties should be viewed as wholes, not as collections of parts. This often includes the view that systems function as wholes and that their functioning cannot be fully understood solely in terms of their component parts. The term ''holism'' is derived from [[Ancient Greek]] ''holos'' ''[[ὅλος]]'', meaning "all, whole, entire, total." |
| - | # A practice based on such theory or belief. | + | |
| - | ====Related terms==== | + | [[Reductionism]] is often viewed as the opposite of holism. Reductionism in science says that a complex system can be explained by ''reduction'' to its fundamental parts. For example, the processes of biology are reducible to chemistry and the laws of chemistry are explained by physics. |
| - | * [[holistic]] | + | |
| - | * [[holist]] | + | |
| + | == See also == | ||
| + | *[[Antiscience]] | ||
| + | *[[Determinism]] | ||
| + | *[[Emergentism]] | ||
| + | *[[Gaia hypothesis]] | ||
| + | *[[Gross National Happiness]] | ||
| + | *[[Holarchy]] | ||
| + | *[[Holism in ecological anthropology]] | ||
| + | *[[Service-oriented modeling framework#Service-oriented modeling framework .28SOMF.29|Holistic modeling language]] | ||
| + | *[[Holon (philosophy)]] | ||
| + | *[[Janus]] | ||
| + | *[[Logical holism]] | ||
| + | *[[Organicism]] | ||
| + | *[[G. E. Moore#Organic wholes|Organic wholes]] | ||
| + | *[[Organismic theory]] | ||
| + | *[[Panarchy]] | ||
| + | *[[Polytely]] | ||
| + | *[[Synergetics (Fuller)|Synergetics]] | ||
| + | *[[Synergy]] | ||
| + | *[[Systems theory]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | *'''Writers:''' | ||
| + | **[[Christopher Alexander]] | ||
| + | **[[Buckminster Fuller]] | ||
| + | **[[Arthur Koestler]] | ||
| + | **[[Howard T. Odum]] | ||
| + | **[[Allan Savory]] | ||
| + | **[[Herbert A. Simon]] | ||
| + | **[[Ken Wilber]] | ||
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Holism is the idea that natural systems (physical, biological, chemical, social, economic, mental, linguistic, etc.) and their properties should be viewed as wholes, not as collections of parts. This often includes the view that systems function as wholes and that their functioning cannot be fully understood solely in terms of their component parts. The term holism is derived from Ancient Greek holos ὅλος, meaning "all, whole, entire, total."
Reductionism is often viewed as the opposite of holism. Reductionism in science says that a complex system can be explained by reduction to its fundamental parts. For example, the processes of biology are reducible to chemistry and the laws of chemistry are explained by physics.
See also
- Antiscience
- Determinism
- Emergentism
- Gaia hypothesis
- Gross National Happiness
- Holarchy
- Holism in ecological anthropology
- Holistic modeling language
- Holon (philosophy)
- Janus
- Logical holism
- Organicism
- Organic wholes
- Organismic theory
- Panarchy
- Polytely
- Synergetics
- Synergy
- Systems theory
- Writers:
