Homunculus
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| - | [[Image:Speculum Sophicum Rhodostauroticum.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Illustration to the ''[[Speculum Sophicum Rhodostauroticum]]'' ([[1618]]) by [[Teophilus Schweighardt Constantiens]]]] | + | |
| - | [[Image:Splendor Solis.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Splendor Solis]] ([[1532]]-[[1535]]) - [[Salomon Trismosin]]]] | + | |
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| - | In the [[history of science]], '''alchemy''' ([[Arabic]]: الخيمياء, ''al-khimia'') refers to both an early form of the investigation of [[Natural science|nature]] and an early [[philosophy|philosophical]] and [[spirituality|spiritual]] discipline, both combining elements of [[chemistry]], [[metallurgy]], [[physics]], [[medicine]], [[astrology]], [[semiotics]], [[mysticism]], [[spiritualism]], and [[art]] all as parts of one greater force. Alchemy has been practiced in [[Mesopotamia]], [[Ancient Egypt]], [[Persia]], [[India]], and [[Chinese alchemy|China]], in [[Classical Antiquity|Classical]] [[Ancient Greece|Greece]] and [[Ancient Rome|Rome]], in the [[Islamic Golden Age|Muslim civilization]], and then in [[Europe]] up to the 19th century—in a complex [[Social network|network]] of schools and philosophical systems spanning at least 2500 years. | ||
| - | == See also == | ||
| - | ===Other alchemical pages=== | ||
| - | *[[Alchemical symbol]] | ||
| - | *[[Alchemy in art and entertainment]] | ||
| - | *[[Alembic]] | ||
| - | *[[Alkahest]] | ||
| - | *[[Astrology and alchemy]] | ||
| - | *[[Berith]] | ||
| - | *[[Jakob Boehme]] | ||
| - | *[[Circle with a point at its centre]] | ||
| - | *[[Duality]] | ||
| - | *[[Elixir of life]] | ||
| - | *[[Emerald Tablet]] | ||
| - | *[[Robert Fludd]] | ||
| - | *[[Humorism|Four Humors]] | ||
| - | *[[Goldwasser|Gold water]] | ||
| - | *[[Hermeticism]] | ||
| - | *[[Homunculus]] | ||
| - | *[[Michael Maier]] | ||
| - | *[[Musaeum Hermeticum]] | ||
| - | *[[Paracelsus]] | ||
| - | *[[Philosopher's stone]] | ||
| - | *[[Quintessence]] | ||
| - | *[[Herbert Silberer]] | ||
| - | *[[Vulcan of the alchemists]] | ||
| - | *[[Monas Hieroglyphica]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Alchemy and psychoanalysis=== | ||
| - | *[[Carl Jung]] | ||
| - | *[[Analytical psychology]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Other resources=== | ||
| - | *[[List of alchemists]] | ||
| - | *[[List of magical terms and traditions]] | ||
| - | *[[List of occultists]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Related and alternative philosophies=== | ||
| - | *[[Western mystery tradition]] | ||
| - | *[[Internal alchemy]] | ||
| - | *[[Astrology]] | ||
| - | *[[Necromancy]], [[magic (paranormal)|magic]], [[magick]] | ||
| - | *[[Esotericism]], [[Rosicrucianism]], [[Illuminati]] | ||
| - | *[[Taoism]] and the [[Five Elements]] | ||
| - | *[[Xiuzhen]] | ||
| - | *[[Jing Qi Shen]] | ||
| - | *[[Asemic]] Writing | ||
| - | *[[Kayaku-Jutsu]] | ||
| - | *[[Acupuncture]], [[moxibustion]], [[ayurveda]], [[homeopathy]] | ||
| - | *[[Anthroposophy]] | ||
| - | *[[Psychology]] and [[Carl Jung]] | ||
| - | *[[New Age]] | ||
| - | *[[Tay al-Ard]] | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Substances of the alchemists=== | ||
| - | *[[lead]] • [[tin]] • [[iron]] • [[copper]] • [[mercury (element)|mercury]] • [[silver]] • [[gold]] | ||
| - | *[[phosphorus]] • [[sulfur]] • [[arsenic]] • [[antimony]] | ||
| - | *[[vitriol]] • [[cinnabar]] • [[pyrites]] • [[orpiment]] • [[galena]] | ||
| - | *[[magnesium oxide|magnesia]] • [[calcium oxide|lime]] • [[potash]] • [[natron]] • [[saltpetre]] • [[kohl (cosmetics)|kohl]] | ||
| - | *[[ammonia]] • [[ammonium chloride]] • [[alcohol]] • [[camphor]] | ||
| - | *Acids: [[sulfuric acid|sulfuric]] • [[hydrochloric acid|muriatic]] • [[nitric acid|nitric]] • [[acetic acid|acetic]] • [[formic acid|formic]] • [[citric acid|citric]]• [[tartaric acid|tartaric]] | ||
| - | *[[aqua regia]] • [[gunpowder]] | ||
| - | *[[carmot]] | ||
| - | ===Scientific connections=== | + | A '''homunculus''' ([[Latin]] for "little human", plural is "homunculi"; the diminutive of ''homo'', "human") is, most generally, any representation of a human being. It is often used to illustrate the functioning of a system. In the scientific sense of an unknowable prime actor, it can be viewed as an entity or agent. |
| - | *[[Chemistry]] | + | |
| - | *[[Physics]] | + | |
| - | *[[Synthesis of noble metals]] | + | |
| - | *[[Nuclear transmutation]] | + | |
| - | *[[Scientific method]] | + | |
| - | *[[Protoscience]], [[Pseudoscience]], and [[Anti-science]] | + | |
| - | *[[Obsolete scientific theories]] | + | |
| - | *[[Historicism]] | + | |
| + | “[[Preformationism]],” a theory of heredity, claimed either the egg or the sperm (exactly which was a contentious issue) contained a complete preformed individual called a homunculus. Development was therefore a matter of enlarging this into a fully formed being. | ||
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Revision as of 19:24, 20 October 2009
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A homunculus (Latin for "little human", plural is "homunculi"; the diminutive of homo, "human") is, most generally, any representation of a human being. It is often used to illustrate the functioning of a system. In the scientific sense of an unknowable prime actor, it can be viewed as an entity or agent.
“Preformationism,” a theory of heredity, claimed either the egg or the sperm (exactly which was a contentious issue) contained a complete preformed individual called a homunculus. Development was therefore a matter of enlarging this into a fully formed being.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Homunculus" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
