Humanism
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| - | '''Renaissance humanism''' (often designated simply as ''humanism'') was a [[Europe]]an [[intellectual movement]] beginning in [[Florence]] in the last decades of the [[14th century]]. Initially a humanist was simply a student or teacher of [[Latin]] and [[Latin literature]]. By the mid-fifteenth century humanism described a curriculum - the ''studia humanitatis'' - comprised of grammar, rhetoric, moral philosophy, poetry and history as studied via classical authors. It was only later in the twentieth-century that humanism was interpreted as a new philosophical outlook which encompassed human dignity and potential and the place of mankind in nature, since these were the kinds of themes on which humanists practised their skills. The over-riding goal of humanists, who may be said to have valued the witnesses of [[reason]] and the evidence of the senses in reaching the truth over the Christian values of [[humility]], [[introspection]], and [[passivity]], or "meekness" that had dominated European thought in the previous centuries, was to become eloquent in rhetoric. Beauty, a popular topic, was held to represent a deep inner virtue and value, and an essential element in the path towards God. The humanist movement developed from the rediscovery by European scholars of many [[Latin (language)|Latin]] and [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] texts. | ||
| - | The humanists were in opposition to the philosophers of the day, the "schoolmen", or scholastics, of the Italian universities and later Oxford and Paris, whose methodology was derived from [[Thomas Aquinas]], which revived a classical debate which referred back to Plato and the Platonic dialogues. | + | # (often capitalized) The historical revival of [[Classical]] culture, notably during the [[Renaissance]] circa 16th century |
| + | # An [[ethical system]] that centers on [[human]]s and their [[value]]s, [[need]]s, [[interest]]s, [[ability|abilities]], [[dignity]] and [[freedom]]; especially used for a [[secular]] one, as an alterative to religious values. | ||
| + | # [[humanitarianism|Humanitarianism]], philanthropy | ||
| + | # The [[study]] of the [[humanities]] or the [[liberal arts]] | ||
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Revision as of 22:08, 24 October 2009
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- (often capitalized) The historical revival of Classical culture, notably during the Renaissance circa 16th century
- An ethical system that centers on humans and their values, needs, interests, abilities, dignity and freedom; especially used for a secular one, as an alterative to religious values.
- Humanitarianism, philanthropy
- The study of the humanities or the liberal arts
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Humanism" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
