Immanuel Kant  

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'''Immanuel Kant''' (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a [[German philosopher]] who is widely considered to be a central figure of [[modern philosophy]]. He argued that human concepts and categories structure our [[view of the world]] and its laws, and that [[reason]] is the source of [[morality]]. His thought continues to hold a major influence in contemporary thought, especially in fields such as [[metaphysics]], [[epistemology]], [[ethics]], [[political philosophy]], and [[aesthetics]]. '''Immanuel Kant''' (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a [[German philosopher]] who is widely considered to be a central figure of [[modern philosophy]]. He argued that human concepts and categories structure our [[view of the world]] and its laws, and that [[reason]] is the source of [[morality]]. His thought continues to hold a major influence in contemporary thought, especially in fields such as [[metaphysics]], [[epistemology]], [[ethics]], [[political philosophy]], and [[aesthetics]].
-Kant's major work, the ''[[Critique of Pure Reason]]'' (''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'', 1781), aimed to bring reason together with [[experience]] and to move beyond what he took to be failures of traditional philosophy and metaphysics. He hoped to end an age of speculation where objects outside experience were seen to support what he saw as futile theories, while resisting the [[Philosophical skepticism|skepticism]] of thinkers such as [[David Hume]].+Kant's major work, the ''[[Critique of Pure Reason]]'' (''Kritik der reinen Vernunft'', 1781), aimed to bring reason together with [[experience]] and to move beyond what he took to be failures of traditional philosophy and metaphysics. The book was placed on [[the index]].
-The philosophical concept of the [[sublime]], as described by philosopher Immanuel Kant in the ''[[Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime]]'', took inspiration in part from attempts to comprehend the enormity of the [[1755 Lisbon earthquake]]. His ''[[Critique of Pure Reason]]'' was placed on [[the index]].+The philosophical concept of the [[sublime]], as described in the ''[[Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime]]'', took inspiration in part from attempts to comprehend the enormity of the [[1755 Lisbon earthquake]].
===Moral philosophy=== ===Moral philosophy===

Revision as of 16:46, 30 December 2013

Despite never having left his native Königsberg, Kant developed an aesthetic theory, see Kant's aesthetics

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Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher who is widely considered to be a central figure of modern philosophy. He argued that human concepts and categories structure our view of the world and its laws, and that reason is the source of morality. His thought continues to hold a major influence in contemporary thought, especially in fields such as metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and aesthetics.

Kant's major work, the Critique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 1781), aimed to bring reason together with experience and to move beyond what he took to be failures of traditional philosophy and metaphysics. The book was placed on the index.

The philosophical concept of the sublime, as described in the Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime, took inspiration in part from attempts to comprehend the enormity of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake.

Contents

Moral philosophy

Kant developed his moral philosophy in three works: Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals (1785), Critique of Practical Reason (1788), and Metaphysics of Morals (1797) .

Criticism

Today, not everyone is as enthusiastic about Kant's philosophy, especially in the field of aesthetics and taste where cultural relativism has gained favor since the advent of postmodernism. Kant has been criticized for reasoning "that aesthetic judgements have universal validity. Kant was wrong. Immanuel Kant searched for the basis of aesthetic motivation. For such a difficult journey, Köningsberg [where he was born and died] was not a good place to start. The age of consumerism has no time for Kant." (Stephen Bayley, 1991)

Marquis de Sade was born 16 years after Kant. Altough he probably never read Kant, his philosophy turns out to be antithetical to Kant's. One of the essays in Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno's Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947) is titled "Juliette or Enlightenment and Morality" and interprets the ruthless and calculating behavior of Juliette as the embodiment of the philosophy of enlightenment. Similarly, psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan posited in his 1966 essay "Kant avec Sade" that de Sade's ethic was the complementary completion of the categorical imperative originally formulated by Immanuel Kant. Slavoj Zizek even went further in Kant and Sade: The Ideal Couple when he dared to ask whether there is "a line from Kantian formalist ethics to the cold-blooded Auschwitz killing machine?"

List of works

See also




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