Immanuel Kant
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| Today, not everyone is as enthusiastic about Kant's philosophy, especially in the field of [[aesthetics]] and [[taste]] where [[cultural relativism]] has gained favor since the advent of [[postmodernism]]. Kant has been criticized for reasoning "that aesthetic judgements have [[universal]] validity. Kant was wrong. Immanuel Kant searched for the basis of aesthetic motivation. For such a difficult journey, Köningsberg [where he was born and died] was not a good place to start. The age of consumerism has no time for Kant." ([[Stephen Bayley]], 1991) | Today, not everyone is as enthusiastic about Kant's philosophy, especially in the field of [[aesthetics]] and [[taste]] where [[cultural relativism]] has gained favor since the advent of [[postmodernism]]. Kant has been criticized for reasoning "that aesthetic judgements have [[universal]] validity. Kant was wrong. Immanuel Kant searched for the basis of aesthetic motivation. For such a difficult journey, Köningsberg [where he was born and died] was not a good place to start. The age of consumerism has no time for Kant." ([[Stephen Bayley]], 1991) | ||
| - | [[Marquis de Sade]] was born 16 years after Kant. Altough he probably never read Kant, his philosophy turns out to be [[antithetical]] to Kant's. One of the essays in [[Max Horkheimer]] and [[Theodor Adorno]]'s ''[[Dialectic of Enlightenment]]'' (1947) is titled "Juliette or Enlightenment and Morality" and interprets the ruthless and calculating behavior of ''[[L'Histoire de Juliette|Juliette]]'' as the embodiment of the philosophy of enlightenment. Similarly, psychoanalyst [[Jacques Lacan]] posited in his 1966 essay "Kant avec Sade" that de Sade's ethic was the complementary completion of the [[categorical imperative]] originally formulated by Immanuel Kant. | + | [[Marquis de Sade]] was born 16 years after Kant. Altough he probably never read Kant, his philosophy turns out to be [[antithetical]] to Kant's. One of the essays in [[Max Horkheimer]] and [[Theodor Adorno]]'s ''[[Dialectic of Enlightenment]]'' (1947) is titled "Juliette or Enlightenment and Morality" and interprets the ruthless and calculating behavior of ''[[L'Histoire de Juliette|Juliette]]'' as the embodiment of the philosophy of enlightenment. Similarly, psychoanalyst [[Jacques Lacan]] posited in his 1966 essay "[[Kant avec Sade]]" that de Sade's ethic was the complementary completion of the [[categorical imperative]] originally formulated by Immanuel Kant. |
| - | [[Slavoj Zizek]] even went further in ''[[Kant and Sade: The Ideal Couple]]'' when he deared to ask whether there is "a line from [[Kantian]] formalist ethics to the cold-blooded [[Auschwitz]] killing machine?" | + | [[Slavoj Zizek]] even went further in ''[[Kant and Sade: The Ideal Couple]]'' when he dared to ask whether there is "a line from [[Kantian]] formalist ethics to the cold-blooded [[Auschwitz]] killing machine?" |
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Immanuel Kant (22 April, 1724 – 12 February, 1804) was a German philosopher from Königsberg in East Prussia). He is regarded as a major philosopher of the Enlightenment. The philosophical concept of the sublime, as described by philosopher Immanuel Kant in the Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime, took inspiration in part from attempts to comprehend the enormity of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake.
Criticism
Today, not everyone is as enthusiastic about Kant's philosophy, especially in the field of aesthetics and taste where cultural relativism has gained favor since the advent of postmodernism. Kant has been criticized for reasoning "that aesthetic judgements have universal validity. Kant was wrong. Immanuel Kant searched for the basis of aesthetic motivation. For such a difficult journey, Köningsberg [where he was born and died] was not a good place to start. The age of consumerism has no time for Kant." (Stephen Bayley, 1991)
Marquis de Sade was born 16 years after Kant. Altough he probably never read Kant, his philosophy turns out to be antithetical to Kant's. One of the essays in Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno's Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947) is titled "Juliette or Enlightenment and Morality" and interprets the ruthless and calculating behavior of Juliette as the embodiment of the philosophy of enlightenment. Similarly, psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan posited in his 1966 essay "Kant avec Sade" that de Sade's ethic was the complementary completion of the categorical imperative originally formulated by Immanuel Kant.
Slavoj Zizek even went further in Kant and Sade: The Ideal Couple when he dared to ask whether there is "a line from Kantian formalist ethics to the cold-blooded Auschwitz killing machine?"
